diff --git a/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/python-packages-base.nix b/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/python-packages-base.nix
index 6fbeb7301215..ff841bfacf2a 100644
--- a/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/python-packages-base.nix
+++ b/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/python-packages-base.nix
@@ -24,10 +24,24 @@ let
       let
         result = f origArgs;
         overrideWith =
+          # Preserve the plain arguments whenever possible,
+          # as `overrideStdenvCompat` works more reliably with `args.stdenv`
+          # than `result.__stdenvPythonCompat`.
+          # TODO(@ShamrockLee): After `overrideStdenvCompat` is fully deprecated,
+          # simplify as
+          # ```nix
+          # newArgs: lib.extends (lib.toExtension newArgs) origArgs
+          # ```
           if lib.isFunction origArgs then
-            newArgs: lib.extends (_: lib.toFunction newArgs) origArgs
+            newArgs: lib.extends (lib.toExtension newArgs) origArgs
           else
-            newArgs: origArgs // lib.toFunction newArgs origArgs;
+            newArgs:
+            if !(lib.isFunction newArgs) then
+              origArgs // newArgs
+            else if !(lib.isFunction (newArgs origArgs)) then
+              origArgs // newArgs origArgs
+            else
+              finalAttrs: origArgs // newArgs finalAttrs origArgs;
       in
       if lib.isAttrs result then
         result
diff --git a/pkgs/test/overriding.nix b/pkgs/test/overriding.nix
index b536097cad85..5e6fe09b7890 100644
--- a/pkgs/test/overriding.nix
+++ b/pkgs/test/overriding.nix
@@ -434,6 +434,14 @@ let
         p.overridePythonAttrs (previousAttrs: {
           overridePythonAttrsFlag = previousAttrs.overridePythonAttrsFlag or 0 + 1;
         });
+      applyOverridePythonAttrsFP =
+        p:
+        p.overridePythonAttrs (
+          finalAttrs: previousAttrs: {
+            overridePythonAttrsFlag = previousAttrs.overridePythonAttrsFlag or 0 + 1;
+            overridePythonAttrsFlagP1 = finalAttrs.overridePythonAttrsFlag + 1;
+          }
+        );
       overrideAttrsFooBar =
         drv:
         drv.overrideAttrs (
@@ -469,6 +477,18 @@ let
         expr = (package-stub.overridePythonAttrs { overridePythonAttrsFlag = 0; }).overridePythonAttrsFlag;
         expected = 0;
       };
+      overridePythonAttrs-finalAttrs = {
+        expr = {
+          inherit (applyOverridePythonAttrsFP package-stub)
+            overridePythonAttrsFlag
+            overridePythonAttrsFlagP1
+            ;
+        };
+        expected = {
+          overridePythonAttrsFlag = 1;
+          overridePythonAttrsFlagP1 = 2;
+        };
+      };
       overrideAttrs-overridePythonAttrs-test-overrideAttrs = {
         expr = {
           inherit (applyOverridePythonAttrs (overrideAttrsFooBar package-stub))