diff --git a/lib/tests/modules/declare-attrList.nix b/lib/tests/modules/declare-attrList.nix
index b83599de7a77..b6e664422af1 100644
--- a/lib/tests/modules/declare-attrList.nix
+++ b/lib/tests/modules/declare-attrList.nix
@@ -42,6 +42,27 @@ in
       );
     };
 
+    # asAttrs: value is a merged attrset, ordered list in valueMeta
+    asAttrs = mkOption {
+      type = types.lazyAttrsOf (
+        types.attrListWith {
+          elemType = types.str;
+          asAttrs = true;
+          mergeAttrValues = _name: values: lib.last values;
+        }
+      );
+    };
+
+    # asAttrs with default mergeAttrValues: duplicates collected into lists
+    asAttrsDefault = mkOption {
+      type = types.lazyAttrsOf (
+        types.attrListWith {
+          elemType = types.int;
+          asAttrs = true;
+        }
+      );
+    };
+
     # Strict wrappers that force deep evaluation, for testing error cases
     attrListStrict = mkOption {
       type = types.lazyAttrsOf types.raw;
@@ -381,6 +402,53 @@ in
       }
     ];
 
+    # asAttrs: unique keys — value is a plain attrset
+    asAttrs.unique = [
+      { a = "alpha"; }
+      { b = "beta"; }
+    ];
+
+    # asAttrs: duplicate keys — last in order wins
+    asAttrs.duplicateKeys = mkMerge [
+      { x = mkOrder 500 "first"; }
+      { x = mkOrder 1500 "last"; }
+      { y = "only"; }
+    ];
+
+    # asAttrs: with ordering — value is attrset, ordered list in valueMeta
+    asAttrs.ordered = {
+      z = mkOrder 200 "z-val";
+      a = mkOrder 100 "a-val";
+    };
+
+    # asAttrs: with mkForce — forced key overrides
+    asAttrs.withForce = mkMerge [
+      { x = "unused: overridden by mkForce"; }
+      {
+        x = mkForce "forced";
+        y = "kept";
+      }
+    ];
+
+    # asAttrs: empty
+    asAttrs.empty = [ ];
+
+    # asAttrsDefault: unique keys
+    asAttrsDefault.unique = [
+      { a = 1; }
+      { b = 2; }
+    ];
+
+    # asAttrsDefault: duplicate keys — default collects into lists
+    asAttrsDefault.duplicates = mkMerge [
+      { x = mkOrder 500 10; }
+      { x = mkOrder 1500 30; }
+      { y = 99; }
+      [
+        { x = 20; }
+      ]
+    ];
+
     # either: attrList branch matches for list input
     eitherAttrListOrInt = [
       { a = "hello"; }
@@ -723,6 +791,79 @@ in
           { a = "hello"; }
         ];
 
+      # asAttrs: unique keys — value is a plain attrset
+      assert
+        cfg.asAttrs.unique == {
+          a = "alpha";
+          b = "beta";
+        };
+      # ordered list preserved in valueMeta
+      assert
+        c.options.asAttrs.valueMeta.attrs.unique.attrListValue == [
+          { a = "alpha"; }
+          { b = "beta"; }
+        ];
+
+      # asAttrs: duplicate keys — last in order wins
+      assert
+        cfg.asAttrs.duplicateKeys == {
+          x = "last";
+          y = "only";
+        };
+      assert
+        c.options.asAttrs.valueMeta.attrs.duplicateKeys.attrListValue == [
+          { x = "first"; }
+          { y = "only"; }
+          { x = "last"; }
+        ];
+
+      # asAttrs: ordered — value is attrset (unordered), list in valueMeta preserves order
+      assert
+        cfg.asAttrs.ordered == {
+          a = "a-val";
+          z = "z-val";
+        };
+      assert
+        c.options.asAttrs.valueMeta.attrs.ordered.attrListValue == [
+          { a = "a-val"; }
+          { z = "z-val"; }
+        ];
+
+      # asAttrs: mkForce — forced key overrides, value is attrset
+      assert
+        cfg.asAttrs.withForce == {
+          x = "forced";
+          y = "kept";
+        };
+
+      # asAttrs: empty — value is empty attrset
+      assert cfg.asAttrs.empty == { };
+
+      # asAttrsDefault: unique keys — each value wrapped in singleton list
+      assert
+        cfg.asAttrsDefault.unique == {
+          a = [ 1 ];
+          b = [ 2 ];
+        };
+
+      # asAttrsDefault: duplicate keys — values collected into list in order
+      assert
+        cfg.asAttrsDefault.duplicates == {
+          x = [
+            10
+            20
+            30
+          ];
+          y = [ 99 ];
+        };
+      assert
+        c.options.asAttrsDefault.valueMeta.attrs.duplicates.attrListValue == [
+          { x = 10; }
+          { y = 99; }
+          { x = 20; }
+          { x = 30; }
+        ];
+
       # Error cases are tested via checkConfigError in modules.sh
 
       "ok";
diff --git a/lib/types.nix b/lib/types.nix
index 836efdf41831..6079ea11b410 100644
--- a/lib/types.nix
+++ b/lib/types.nix
@@ -813,7 +813,11 @@ rec {
   attrListOf = elemType: attrListWith { inherit elemType; };
 
   attrListWith =
-    { elemType }:
+    {
+      elemType,
+      asAttrs ? false,
+      mergeAttrValues ? _name: values: values,
+    }:
     mkOptionType rec {
       name = "attrListOf";
       description = "attribute list of ${
@@ -932,21 +936,37 @@ rec {
                 ];
               }) items
             );
+
+            attrListValue = map (e: { ${e.key} = e.eval.optionalValue.value or e.eval.mergedValue; }) evals;
           in
           {
             headError = checkDefsForError check loc defs;
-            value = map (e: { ${e.key} = e.eval.optionalValue.value or e.eval.mergedValue; }) evals;
+            value = if asAttrs then zipAttrsWith mergeAttrValues attrListValue else attrListValue;
             valueMeta.attrList = map (e: e.eval.checkedAndMerged.valueMeta) evals;
+            /**
+              The ordered list representation, especially useful when asAttrs is set.
+            */
+            valueMeta.attrListValue = attrListValue;
           };
       };
       emptyValue = {
-        value = [ ];
+        value = if asAttrs then { } else [ ];
       };
       getSubOptions = prefix: elemType.getSubOptions (prefix ++ [ "*" ]);
       getSubModules = elemType.getSubModules;
-      substSubModules = m: attrListOf (elemType.substSubModules m);
+      substSubModules =
+        m:
+        attrListWith {
+          inherit asAttrs mergeAttrValues;
+          elemType = elemType.substSubModules m;
+        };
       functor = elemTypeFunctor name { inherit elemType; } // {
-        type = payload: types.attrListOf payload.elemType;
+        type =
+          payload:
+          types.attrListWith {
+            inherit asAttrs mergeAttrValues;
+            inherit (payload) elemType;
+          };
       };
       nestedTypes.elemType = elemType;
     };
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.section.md b/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.section.md
index ff35193a746c..720f5823d068 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.section.md
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.section.md
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ Composed types are types that take a type as parameter. `listOf
     Multiple definitions of the same option are concatenated and then sorted by priority.
     Entries at the same priority level preserve their definition order.
 
-`types.attrListWith` { *`elemType`* }
+`types.attrListWith` { *`elemType`*, *`asAttrs`* ? false, *`mergeAttrValues`* ? _name: values: values }
 
 :   An ordered list of single-attribute attribute sets, where each value is of *`elemType`* type.
 
@@ -521,6 +521,17 @@ Composed types are types that take a type as parameter. `listOf
     `elemType` (Required)
     : Specifies the type of each value in the attribute list.
 
+    `asAttrs`
+    : When `true`, the option value is an attribute set instead of a list.
+      Duplicate keys are merged using `mergeAttrValues`.
+      The ordered list is always available via `valueMeta.attrListValue`.
+
+    `mergeAttrValues`
+    : A function `name: values: mergedValue` that controls how duplicate keys
+      are combined when `asAttrs = true`. This is passed as the callback to
+      `lib.zipAttrsWith`. The `values` list is in order of priority.
+      By default, all values are collected into a list.
+
     **Behavior**
 
     - `attrListWith { elemType = t; }` is equivalent to `attrListOf t`