Backport Rust 1.38 to 19.09 (#70735)

Backport Rust 1.38 to 19.09

.editorconfig

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # EditorConfig configuration for nixpkgs
-# https://EditorConfig.org
+# http://EditorConfig.org
 
 # Top-most EditorConfig file
 root = true
@@ -11,86 +11,18 @@ insert_final_newline = true
 trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 charset = utf-8
 
-# Ignore diffs/patches
-[*.{diff,patch}]
-end_of_line = unset
-insert_final_newline = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
 # see https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-conventions
 
-# Match json/lockfiles/markdown/nix/perl/python/ruby/shell/docbook files, set indent to spaces
-[*.{json,lock,md,nix,pl,pm,py,rb,sh,xml}]
+# Match nix/ruby/docbook files, set indent to spaces with width of two
+[*.{nix,rb,xml}]
 indent_style = space
-
-# Match docbook files, set indent width of one
-[*.xml]
-indent_size = 1
-
-# Match json/lockfiles/markdown/nix/ruby files, set indent width of two
-[*.{json,lock,md,nix,rb}]
 indent_size = 2
 
-# Match perl/python/shell scripts, set indent width of four
-[*.{pl,pm,py,sh}]
+# Match shell/python/perl scripts, set indent to spaces with width of four
+[*.{sh,py,pl}]
+indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
 
-# Match gemfiles, set indent to spaces with width of two
-[Gemfile]
-indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space
-
-# Disable file types or individual files
-# some of these files may be auto-generated and/or require significant changes
-
-[*.{c,h}]
-insert_final_newline = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[*.{asc,key,ovpn}]
-insert_final_newline = unset
-end_of_line = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[*.lock]
-indent_size = unset
-
-[eggs.nix]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[nixos/modules/services/networking/ircd-hybrid/*.{conf,in}]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[nixos/tests/systemd-networkd-vrf.nix]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/build-support/dotnetenv/Wrapper/**]
-end_of_line = unset
-indent_style = unset
-insert_final_newline = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/build-support/upstream-updater/**]
-indent_style = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/development/compilers/elm/registry.dat]
-end_of_line = unset
-insert_final_newline = unset
-
-[pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hackage-packages.nix]
-indent_style = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/servers/dict/wordnet_structures.py]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/tools/misc/timidity/timidity.cfg]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/tools/security/enpass/data.json]
-insert_final_newline = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/top-level/emscripten-packages.nix]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
+# Match diffs, avoid to trim trailing whitespace
+[*.{diff,patch}]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -10,48 +10,29 @@
 # This file
 /.github/CODEOWNERS @edolstra
 
-# GitHub actions
-/.github/workflows @NixOS/Security @Mic92 @zowoq
-/.github/workflows/merge-staging @FRidh
-
-# EditorConfig
-/.editorconfig @Mic92 @zowoq
-
 # Libraries
-/lib                        @edolstra @nbp @infinisil
-/lib/systems                @alyssais @nbp @ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/lib                        @edolstra @nbp
+/lib/systems                @nbp @ericson2314 @matthewbauer
 /lib/generators.nix         @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
-/lib/cli.nix                @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
 /lib/debug.nix              @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
-/lib/asserts.nix            @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
 
 # Nixpkgs Internals
-/default.nix                                     @nbp
-/pkgs/top-level/default.nix                      @nbp @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix                       @nbp @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix                        @nbp @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix                       @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix                @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/stdenv/generic                             @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/stdenv/cross                               @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
-/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper                   @Ericson2314 @orivej
-/pkgs/build-support/bintools-wrapper             @Ericson2314 @orivej
-/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks                  @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/auto-patchelf.sh @aszlig
-
-# Nixpkgs build-support
-/pkgs/build-support/writers @lassulus @Profpatsch
-
-# Nixpkgs documentation
-/maintainers/scripts/db-to-md.sh @jtojnar @ryantm
-/maintainers/scripts/doc @jtojnar @ryantm
-/doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters @jtojnar
-/doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md @jtojnar
+/default.nix                          @nbp
+/pkgs/top-level/default.nix           @nbp @Ericson2314
+/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix            @nbp @Ericson2314
+/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix             @nbp @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix            @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix     @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/stdenv/generic                  @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/stdenv/cross                    @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper        @Ericson2314 @orivej
+/pkgs/build-support/bintools-wrapper  @Ericson2314 @orivej
+/pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks       @Ericson2314
 
 # NixOS Internals
-/nixos/default.nix          @nbp @infinisil
-/nixos/lib/from-env.nix     @nbp @infinisil
-/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix  @nbp @infinisil
+/nixos/default.nix          @nbp
+/nixos/lib/from-env.nix     @nbp
+/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix  @nbp
 /nixos/doc/manual/configuration/abstractions.xml      @nbp
 /nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-file.xml       @nbp
 /nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-syntax.xml     @nbp
@@ -65,53 +46,39 @@
 /nixos/doc/manual/development/writing-modules.xml     @nbp
 /nixos/doc/manual/man-nixos-option.xml                @nbp
 /nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh        @nbp
-/nixos/modules/system                                 @dasJ
 
-# NixOS integration test driver
-/nixos/lib/test-driver  @tfc
-
-# Updaters
-## update.nix
-/maintainers/scripts/update.nix   @jtojnar
-/maintainers/scripts/update.py    @jtojnar
-## common-updater-scripts
-/pkgs/common-updater/scripts/update-source-version    @jtojnar
+# New NixOS modules
+/nixos/modules/module-list.nix @Infinisil
 
 # Python-related code and docs
-/maintainers/scripts/update-python-libraries	              @FRidh
-/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix                         @FRidh @jonringer
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/python                       @FRidh
-/pkgs/development/python-modules                            @FRidh @jonringer
-/doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md                 @FRidh
-/pkgs/development/tools/poetry2nix                          @adisbladis
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/hooks                 @FRidh @jonringer @DavHau
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/python/conda                 @DavHau
+/maintainers/scripts/update-python-libraries	@FRidh
+/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix     @FRidh
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/python   @FRidh
+/pkgs/development/python-modules        @FRidh
+/doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md     @FRidh
 
 # Haskell
-/doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
-/maintainers/scripts/haskell                  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
-/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc               @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
-/pkgs/development/haskell-modules             @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
-/pkgs/test/haskell                            @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
-/pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix           @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
-/pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix          @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc                       @basvandijk
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules                     @basvandijk
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/default.nix         @basvandijk
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/generic-builder.nix @basvandijk
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hoogle.nix          @basvandijk
 
 # Perl
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @volth @stigtsp @zakame
-/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix   @volth @stigtsp @zakame
-/pkgs/development/perl-modules      @volth @stigtsp @zakame
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @volth
+/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix   @volth
+/pkgs/development/perl-modules      @volth
 
 # R
-/pkgs/applications/science/math/R   @jbedo @bcdarwin
-/pkgs/development/r-modules         @jbedo @bcdarwin
+/pkgs/applications/science/math/R   @peti
+/pkgs/development/r-modules         @peti
 
 # Ruby
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby @marsam
-/pkgs/development/ruby-modules      @marsam
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby @alyssais @zimbatm
+/pkgs/development/ruby-modules      @alyssais @zimbatm
 
 # Rust
-/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @LnL7 @zowoq
-/pkgs/build-support/rust @andir @zowoq
+/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @LnL7
 
 # Darwin-related
 /pkgs/stdenv/darwin         @NixOS/darwin-maintainers
@@ -137,6 +104,9 @@
 # Jetbrains
 /pkgs/applications/editors/jetbrains @edwtjo
 
+# Eclipse
+/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse @rycee
+
 # Licenses
 /lib/licenses.nix @alyssais
 
@@ -147,7 +117,7 @@
 /pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5 @ttuegel
 
 # PostgreSQL and related stuff
-/pkgs/servers/sql/postgresql @thoughtpolice @marsam
+/pkgs/servers/sql/postgresql @thoughtpolice
 /nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.xml @thoughtpolice
 /nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.nix @thoughtpolice
 /nixos/tests/postgresql.nix @thoughtpolice
@@ -160,15 +130,9 @@
 /nixos/tests/hardened.nix @joachifm
 /pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel/hardened-config.nix @joachifm
 
-# Network Time Daemons
-/pkgs/tools/networking/chrony @thoughtpolice
-/pkgs/tools/networking/ntp @thoughtpolice
-/pkgs/tools/networking/openntpd @thoughtpolice
-/nixos/modules/services/networking/ntp @thoughtpolice
-
 # Dhall
-/pkgs/development/dhall-modules      @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/dhall @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
+/pkgs/development/dhall-modules      @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/dhall @Gabriel439 @Profpatsch
 
 # Idris
 /pkgs/development/idris-modules @Infinisil
@@ -186,54 +150,3 @@
 /pkgs/applications/editors/emacs-modes @adisbladis
 /pkgs/applications/editors/emacs       @adisbladis
 /pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix     @adisbladis
-
-# Neovim
-/pkgs/applications/editors/neovim      @jonringer @teto
-
-# VimPlugins
-/pkgs/misc/vim-plugins         @jonringer @softinio
-
-# VsCode Extensions
-/pkgs/misc/vscode-extensions   @jonringer
-
-# Prometheus exporter modules and tests
-/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix  @WilliButz
-/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.xml  @WilliButz
-/nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix                        @WilliButz
-
-# PHP interpreter, packages, extensions, tests and documentation
-/doc/languages-frameworks/php.section.md          @NixOS/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/nixos/tests/php                                  @NixOS/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/build-support/build-pecl.nix                @NixOS/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/php       @jtojnar @NixOS/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/development/php-packages                    @NixOS/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/top-level/php-packages.nix         @jtojnar @NixOS/php @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-
-# Podman, CRI-O modules and related
-/nixos/modules/virtualisation/containers.nix @NixOS/podman @zowoq
-/nixos/modules/virtualisation/cri-o.nix      @NixOS/podman @zowoq
-/nixos/modules/virtualisation/podman.nix     @NixOS/podman @zowoq
-/nixos/tests/cri-o.nix                       @NixOS/podman @zowoq
-/nixos/tests/podman.nix                      @NixOS/podman @zowoq
-
-# Docker tools
-/pkgs/build-support/docker                   @roberth @utdemir
-/nixos/tests/docker-tools-overlay.nix        @roberth
-/nixos/tests/docker-tools.nix                @roberth
-/doc/builders/images/dockertools.xml         @roberth
-
-# Blockchains
-/pkgs/applications/blockchains  @mmahut @RaghavSood
-
-# Go
-/pkgs/development/compilers/go @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
-/pkgs/development/go-modules   @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
-/pkgs/development/go-packages  @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
-
-# Cinnamon
-/pkgs/desktops/cinnamon @mkg20001
-
-#nim
-/pkgs/development/compilers/nim  @ehmry
-/pkgs/development/nim-packages  @ehmry
-/pkgs/top-level/nim-packages.nix  @ehmry

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# How to contribute
+
+Note: contributing implies licensing those contributions
+under the terms of [COPYING](../COPYING), which is an MIT-like license.
+
+## Opening issues
+
+* Make sure you have a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free)
+* [Submit an issue](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues) - assuming one does not already exist.
+  * Clearly describe the issue including steps to reproduce when it is a bug.
+  * Include information what version of nixpkgs and Nix are you using (nixos-version or git revision).
+
+## Submitting changes
+
+* Format the commit messages in the following way:
+
+  ```
+  (pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
+
+  (Motivation for change. Additional information.)
+  ```
+
+  For consistency, there should not be a period at the end of the commit message's summary line (the first line of the commit message).
+
+  Examples:
+
+  * nginx: init at 2.0.1
+  * firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0
+  * nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option
+
+    Dual baz behavior is needed to do foo.
+  * nixos/nginx: refactor config generation
+
+    The old config generation system used impure shell scripts and could break in specific circumstances (see #1234).
+
+* `meta.description` should:
+  * Be capitalized.
+  * Not start with the package name.
+  * Not have a period at the end.
+* `meta.license` must be set and fit the upstream license.
+  * If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `stdenv.lib.licenses.unfree`.
+* `meta.maintainers` must be set.
+
+See the nixpkgs manual for more details on [standard meta-attributes](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-standard-meta-attributes) and on how to [submit changes to nixpkgs](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-submitting-changes).
+
+## Writing good commit messages
+
+In addition to writing properly formatted commit messages, it's important to include relevant information so other developers can later understand *why* a change was made. While this information usually can be found by digging code, mailing list/Discourse archives, pull request discussions or upstream changes, it may require a lot of work.
+
+For package version upgrades and such a one-line commit message is usually sufficient.
+
+## Reviewing contributions
+
+See the nixpkgs manual for more details on how to [Review contributions](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-reviewing-contributions).

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 
 ## Technical details
 
-Please run `nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"` and paste the result.
+Please run `nix run nixpkgs.nix-info -c nix-info -m` and paste the result.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -7,37 +7,26 @@ assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
-### Describe the bug
+**Describe the bug**
 A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
 
-### Steps To Reproduce
+**To Reproduce**
 Steps to reproduce the behavior:
 1. ...
 2. ...
 3. ...
 
-### Expected behavior
+**Expected behavior**
 A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
 
-### Screenshots
+**Screenshots**
 If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
 
-### Additional context
+**Additional context**
 Add any other context about the problem here.
 
-### Notify maintainers
-<!--
-Please @ people who are in the `meta.maintainers` list of the offending package or module.
-If in doubt, check `git blame` for whoever last touched something.
--->
-
-### Metadata
-Please run `nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"` and paste the result.
-
-```console
-[user@system:~]$ nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"
-output here
-```
+**Metadata**
+Please run `nix run nixpkgs.nix-info -c nix-info -m` and paste the result.
 
 Maintainer information:
 ```yaml

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/out_of_date_package_report.md

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Out-of-date package reports
-about: For packages that are out-of-date
-title: ''
-labels: '9.needs: package (update)'
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-
-###### Checklist
-
-<!-- Note that these are hard requirements -->
-
-<!--
-You can use the "Go to file" functionality on github to find the package
-Then you can go to the history for this package
-Find the latest "package_name: old_version -> new_version" commit
-The "new_version" is the the current version of the package
--->
-- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs master branch](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs)
-<!--
-Type the name of your package and try to find an open pull request for the package
-If you find an open pull request, you can review it!
-There's a high chance that you'll have the new version right away while helping the community!
--->
-- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls)
-
-###### Project name
-`nix search` name:
-<!--
-The current version can be found easily with the same process than above for checking the master branch
-If an open PR is present for the package, take this version as the current one and link to the PR
--->
-current version:
-desired version:
-
-###### Notify maintainers
-<!--
-Search your package here: https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable
-If no maintainer is listed for your package, tag the person that last updated the package
--->
-
-maintainers:
-
-###### Note for maintainers
-
-Please tag this issue in your PR.

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-<!--
-To help with the large amounts of pull requests, we would appreciate your
-reviews of other pull requests, especially simple package updates. Just leave a
-comment describing what you have tested in the relevant package/service.
-Reviewing helps to reduce the average time-to-merge for everyone.
-Thanks a lot if you do!
-List of open PRs: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls
-Reviewing guidelines: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-reviewing-contributions
--->
-
+<!-- Nixpkgs has a lot of new incoming Pull Requests, but not enough people to review this constant stream. Even if you aren't a committer, we would appreciate reviews of other PRs, especially simple ones like package updates. Just testing the relevant package/service and leaving a comment saying what you tested, how you tested it and whether it worked would be great. List of open PRs: <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls>, for more about reviewing contributions: <https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/manual/latest/download/1/nixpkgs/manual.html#sec-reviewing-contributions>. Reviewing isn't mandatory, but it would help out a lot and reduce the average time-to-merge for all of us. Thanks a lot if you do! -->
 ###### Motivation for this change
 
 
@@ -15,22 +6,18 @@ Reviewing guidelines: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-reviewing-
 
 <!-- Please check what applies. Note that these are not hard requirements but merely serve as information for reviewers. -->
 
+- [ ] Tested using sandboxing ([nix.useSandbox](http://nixos.org/nixos/manual/options.html#opt-nix.useSandbox) on NixOS, or option `sandbox` in [`nix.conf`](http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-conf-file) on non-NixOS)
 - Built on platform(s)
-  - [ ] x86_64-linux
-  - [ ] aarch64-linux
-  - [ ] x86_64-darwin
-  - [ ] aarch64-darwin
-- [ ] For non-Linux: Is `sandbox = true` set in `nix.conf`? (See [Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file.html))
-- [ ] Tested, as applicable:
-  - [NixOS test(s)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/unstable/index.html#sec-nixos-tests) (look inside [nixos/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests))
-  - and/or [package tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#sec-package-tests)
-  - or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in [lib/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/lib/tests) or [pkgs/test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/test)
-  - made sure NixOS tests are [linked](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#ssec-nixos-tests-linking) to the relevant packages
-- [ ] Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using `nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD"`. Note: all changes have to be committed, also see [nixpkgs-review usage](https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review#usage)
-- [ ] Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`)
-- [21.11 Release Notes (or backporting 21.05 Release notes)](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#generating-2111-release-notes)
-  - [ ] (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
-  - [ ] (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
-  - [ ] (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
-  - [ ] (Release notes changes) Ran `nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh` to update generated release notes
-- [ ] Fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+   - [ ] NixOS
+   - [ ] macOS
+   - [ ] other Linux distributions
+- [ ] Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside [nixos/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests))
+- [ ] Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using `nix-shell -p nix-review --run "nix-review wip"`
+- [ ] Tested execution of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`)
+- [ ] Determined the impact on package closure size (by running `nix path-info -S` before and after)
+- [ ] Ensured that relevant documentation is up to date
+- [ ] Fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+
+###### Notify maintainers
+
+cc @

.github/STALE-BOT.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# Stale bot information
-
-- Thanks for your contribution!
-- To remove the stale label, just leave a new comment.
-- _How to find the right people to ping?_ → [`git blame`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) to the rescue! (or GitHub's history and blame buttons.)
-- You can always ask for help on [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/), [our Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#nix:nixos.org), or on the [#nixos IRC channel](https://web.libera.chat/#nixos).
-
-## Suggestions for PRs
-
-1. GitHub sometimes doesn't notify people who commented / reviewed a PR previously, when you (force) push commits. If you have addressed the reviews you can [officially ask for a review](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review) from those who commented to you or anyone else.
-2. If it is unfinished but you plan to finish it, please mark it as a draft.
-3. If you don't expect to work on it any time soon, closing it with a short comment may encourage someone else to pick up your work.
-4. To get things rolling again, rebase the PR against the target branch and address valid comments.
-5. If you need a review to move forward, ask in [the Discourse thread for PRs that need help](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/prs-in-distress/3604).
-6. If all you need is a merge, check the git history to find and [request reviews](https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/requesting-a-pull-request-review) from people who usually merge related contributions.
-
-## Suggestions for issues
-
-1. If it is resolved (either for you personally, or in general), please consider closing it.
-2. If this might still be an issue, but you are not interested in promoting its resolution, please consider closing it while encouraging others to take over and reopen an issue if they care enough.
-3. If you still have interest in resolving it, try to ping somebody who you believe might have an interest in the topic. Consider discussing the problem in [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/).
-4. As with all open source projects, your best option is to submit a Pull Request that addresses this issue. We :heart: this attitude!
-
-**Memorandum on closing issues**
-
-Don't be afraid to close an issue that holds valuable information. Closed issues stay in the system for people to search, read, cross-reference, or even reopen--nothing is lost! Closing obsolete issues is an important way to help maintainers focus their time and effort.
-
-## Useful GitHub search queries
-
-- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+)
-- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction and `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22)
-- [Open PRs with any stale-bot interaction and NOT `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+-label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)
-- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+)
-- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction and `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)
-- [Open Issues with any stale-bot interaction and NOT `2.status: stale`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+commenter%3Aapp%2Fstale+-label%3A%222.status%3A+stale%22+)

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-"6.topic: agda":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/agda.section.md
-  - nixos/tests/agda.nix
-  - pkgs/build-support/agda/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/libraries/agda/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/agda-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: bsd":
-  - pkgs/os-specific/bsd/**/*
-  - pkgs/stdenv/freebsd/**/*
-
-"6.topic: cinnamon":
-  - pkgs/desktops/cinnamon/**/*
-
-"6.topic: emacs":
-  - nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.nix
-  - nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.xml
-  - nixos/tests/emacs-daemon.nix
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/emacs-modes/**/*
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/emacs/**/*
-  - pkgs/build-support/emacs/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: erlang":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/beam.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/beam-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/elixir/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/erlang/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/rebar/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/build-managers/rebar3/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/erlang/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/beam-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: fetch":
-  - pkgs/build-support/fetch*/**/*
-
-"6.topic: GNOME":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/gnome.section.md
-  - nixos/modules/services/desktops/gnome/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/gnome.nix
-  - nixos/tests/gnome-xorg.nix
-  - nixos/tests/gnome.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/gnome/**/*
-
-"6.topic: golang":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/go.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/go/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/go-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/go-packages/**/*
-
-"6.topic: haskell":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md
-  - maintainers/scripts/haskell/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/ghc/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/haskell-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/haskell/**/*
-  - pkgs/test/haskell/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix
-  - pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix
-
-"6.topic: kernel":
-  - pkgs/build-support/kernel/**/*
-  - pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel/**/*
-
-"6.topic: lua":
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/lua-5/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/luajit/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/lua-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: nixos":
-  - nixos/**/*
-  - pkgs/os-specific/linux/nixos-rebuild/**/*
-
-"6.topic: nim":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/nim.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/nim/*
-  - pkgs/development/nim-packages/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/nim-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: ocaml":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/ocaml.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/ocaml/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/reason/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/ocaml-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/ocaml/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/ocaml-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: pantheon":
-  - nixos/modules/services/desktops/pantheon/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/pantheon.nix
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/display-managers/lightdm-greeters/pantheon.nix
-  - nixos/tests/pantheon.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/pantheon/**/*
-
-"6.topic: policy discussion":
-  - .github/**/*
-
-"6.topic: printing":
-  - nixos/modules/services/printing/cupsd.nix
-  - pkgs/misc/cups/**/*
-
-"6.topic: python":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/python/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/python-modules/**/*
-  - pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix
-
-"6.topic: qt/kde":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/qt.section.md
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/plasma5.nix
-  - nixos/tests/plasma5.nix
-  - pkgs/applications/kde/**/*
-  - pkgs/desktops/plasma-5/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/libraries/kde-frameworks/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5/**/*
-
-"6.topic: ruby":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/ruby.section.md
-  - pkgs/development/interpreters/ruby/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/ruby-modules/**/*
-
-"6.topic: rust":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/rust.section.md
-  - pkgs/build-support/rust/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/rust/**/*
-
-"6.topic: stdenv":
-  - pkgs/stdenv/**/*
-
-"6.topic: steam":
-  - pkgs/games/steam/**/*
-
-"6.topic: systemd":
-  - pkgs/os-specific/linux/systemd/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd*/**/*
-
-"6.topic: TeX":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/texlive.section.md
-  - pkgs/tools/typesetting/tex/**/*
-
-"6.topic: vim":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/vim/**/*
-  - pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/**/*
-
-"6.topic: xfce":
-  - nixos/doc/manual/configuration/xfce.xml
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
-  - nixos/tests/xfce.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/xfce/**/*
-
-"8.has: changelog":
-  - nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/**/*
-
-"8.has: documentation":
-  - doc/**/*
-  - nixos/doc/**/*
-
-"8.has: module (update)":
-  - nixos/modules/**/*

.github/stale.yml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Configuration for probot-stale - https://github.com/probot/stale
-daysUntilStale: 180
-daysUntilClose: false
-exemptLabels:
-  - "1.severity: security"
-  - "2.status: never-stale"
-staleLabel: "2.status: stale"
-markComment: |
-  I marked this as stale due to inactivity. → [More info](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/STALE-BOT.md)
-closeComment: false

.github/workflows/backport.yml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-name: Backport
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [closed, labeled]
-jobs:
-  backport:
-    name: Backport Pull Request
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true && (github.event_name != 'labeled' || startsWith('backport', github.event.label.name))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          # required to find all branches
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
-      - name: Create backport PRs
-        # should be kept in sync with `version`
-        uses: zeebe-io/backport-action@v0.0.5
-        with:
-          # Config README: https://github.com/zeebe-io/backport-action#backport-action
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          github_workspace: ${{ github.workspace }}
-          # should be kept in sync with `uses`
-          version: v0.0.5
-          pull_description: |-
-            Bot-based backport to `${target_branch}`, triggered by a label in #${pull_number}.
-
-            * [ ] Before merging, ensure that this backport complies with the [Criteria for Backporting](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#criteria-for-backporting-changes).
-              * Even as a non-commiter, if you find that it does not comply, leave a comment.

.github/workflows/basic-eval.yml

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-name: Basic evaluation checks
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-     - master
-     - release-**
-  push:
-    branches:
-     - master
-     - release-**
-jobs:
-  tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # we don't limit this action to only NixOS repo since the checks are cheap and useful developer feedback
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v15
-    # explicit list of supportedSystems is needed until aarch64-darwin becomes part of the trunk jobset
-    - run: nix-build pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A tarball.nixpkgs-basic-release-checks --arg supportedSystems '[ "aarch64-darwin" "aarch64-linux" "x86_64-linux" "x86_64-darwin"  ]'

.github/workflows/direct-push.yml

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-name: "Direct Push Warning"
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-     - master
-     - release-**
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    env:
-      GITHUB_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
-      GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-    steps:
-    - name: Check if commit is a merge commit
-      id: ismerge
-      run: |
-        ISMERGE=$(curl -H 'Accept: application/vnd.github.groot-preview+json' -H "authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" https://api.github.com/repos/${{ env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY }}/commits/${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}/pulls | jq -r '.[] | select(.merge_commit_sha == "${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}") | any')
-        echo "::set-output name=ismerge::$ISMERGE"
-    # github events are eventually consistent, so wait until changes propagate to thier DB
-    - run: sleep 60
-      if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
-    - name: Warn if the commit was a direct push
-      if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
-      uses: peter-evans/commit-comment@v1
-      with:
-        body: |
-          @${{ github.actor }}, you pushed a commit directly to master/release branch
-          instead of going through a Pull Request.
-
-          That's highly discouraged beyond the few exceptions listed
-          on https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/118661

.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-name: "Checking EditorConfig"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  # avoids approving first time contributors
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches-ignore:
-      - 'release-**'
-
-jobs:
-  tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-    - name: Get list of changed files from PR
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        echo 'PR_DIFF<<EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        gh api \
-          repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls/${{github.event.number}}/files --paginate \
-          | jq '.[] | select(.status != "removed") | .filename' \
-          >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        echo 'EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-        ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v15
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-      with:
-        # nixpkgs commit is pinned so that it doesn't break
-        nix_path: nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/f93ecc4f6bc60414d8b73dbdf615ceb6a2c604df.tar.gz
-    - name: install editorconfig-checker
-      run: nix-env -iA editorconfig-checker -f '<nixpkgs>'
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-    - name: Checking EditorConfig
-      if: env.PR_DIFF
-      run: |
-        echo "$PR_DIFF" | xargs editorconfig-checker -disable-indent-size
-    - if: ${{ failure() }}
-      run: |
-        echo "::error :: Hey! It looks like your changes don't follow our editorconfig settings. Read https://editorconfig.org/#download to configure your editor so you never see this error again."
-

.github/workflows/labels.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: "Label PR"
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [edited, opened, synchronize, reopened]
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  labels:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@v3
-      with:
-        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/manual-nixos.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: "Build NixOS manual"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - 'nixos/**'
-
-jobs:
-  nixos:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-          ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v15
-        with:
-          # explicitly enable sandbox
-          extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
-        with:
-          # This cache is for the nixos/nixpkgs manual builds and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
-          name: nixpkgs-ci
-          signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
-      - name: Building NixOS manual
-        run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux

.github/workflows/manual-nixpkgs.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: "Build Nixpkgs manual"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - 'doc/**'
-
-jobs:
-  nixpkgs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-          ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v15
-        with:
-          # explicitly enable sandbox
-          extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
-        with:
-          # This cache is for the nixos/nixpkgs manual builds and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
-          name: nixpkgs-ci
-          signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
-      - name: Building Nixpkgs manual
-        run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A manual

.github/workflows/nixos-manual.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: NixOS manual checks
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches-ignore:
-      - 'release-**'
-    paths:
-      - 'nixos/**/*.xml'
-      - 'nixos/**/*.md'
-
-jobs:
-  tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-        ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v15
-    - name: Check DocBook files generated from Markdown are consistent
-      run: |
-        nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh
-        git diff --exit-code

.github/workflows/no-channel.yml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: "No channel PR"
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - 'nixos-**'
-      - 'nixpkgs-**'
-
-jobs:
-  fail:
-    name: "This PR is is targeting a channel branch"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - run: |
-        cat <<EOF
-        The nixos-* and nixpkgs-* branches are pushed to by the channel
-        release script and should not be merged into directly.
-
-        Please target the equivalent release-* branch or master instead.
-        EOF
-        exit 1

.github/workflows/pending-clear.yml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: "clear pending status"
-
-on:
-  check_suite:
-    types: [ completed ]
-
-jobs:
-  action:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - name: clear pending status
-      if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.check_suite.app.name == 'OfBorg'
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        curl \
-          -X POST \
-          -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-          -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-          -d '{"state": "success", "target_url": " ", "description": " ", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
-          "https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.check_suite.head_sha }}"

.github/workflows/pending-set.yml

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-name: "set pending status"
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-
-jobs:
-  action:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - name: set pending status
-      if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        curl \
-          -X POST \
-          -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-          -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-          -d '{"state": "pending", "target_url": " ", "description": "This pending status will be cleared when ofborg starts eval.", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
-          "https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"

.github/workflows/periodic-merge-24h.yml

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# This action periodically merges base branches into staging branches.
-# This is done to
-#  * prevent conflicts or rather resolve them early
-#  * make all potential breakage happen on the staging branch
-#  * and make sure that all major rebuilds happen before the staging
-#    branch get’s merged back into its base branch.
-
-name: "Periodic Merges (24h)"
-
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
-    # Merge every 24 hours
-    - cron:  '0 0 * * *'
-
-jobs:
-  periodic-merge:
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      # don't fail fast, so that all pairs are tried
-      fail-fast: false
-      # certain branches need to be merged in order, like master->staging-next->staging
-      # and disabling parallelism ensures the order of the pairs below.
-      max-parallel: 1
-      matrix:
-        pairs:
-          - from: master
-            into: haskell-updates
-          - from: release-21.05
-            into: staging-next-21.05
-          - from: staging-next-21.05
-            into: staging-21.05
-    name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@1.4.0
-        with:
-          type: now
-          from_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }}
-          target_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Comment on failure
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
-        with:
-          issue-number: 105153
-          body: |
-            Periodic merge from `${{ matrix.pairs.from }}` into `${{ matrix.pairs.into }}` has [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).

.github/workflows/periodic-merge-6h.yml

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# This action periodically merges base branches into staging branches.
-# This is done to
-#  * prevent conflicts or rather resolve them early
-#  * make all potential breakage happen on the staging branch
-#  * and make sure that all major rebuilds happen before the staging
-#    branch get’s merged back into its base branch.
-
-name: "Periodic Merges (6h)"
-
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
-    # Merge every 6 hours
-    - cron:  '0 */6 * * *'
-
-jobs:
-  periodic-merge:
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      # don't fail fast, so that all pairs are tried
-      fail-fast: false
-      # certain branches need to be merged in order, like master->staging-next->staging
-      # and disabling parallelism ensures the order of the pairs below.
-      max-parallel: 1
-      matrix:
-        pairs:
-          - from: master
-            into: staging-next
-          - from: staging-next
-            into: staging
-    name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@1.4.0
-        with:
-          type: now
-          from_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }}
-          target_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Comment on failure
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v1
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
-        with:
-          issue-number: 105153
-          body: |
-            Periodic merge from `${{ matrix.pairs.from }}` into `${{ matrix.pairs.into }}` has [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).

.gitignore

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 ,*
 .*.swp
 .*.swo
-.idea/
 result
 result-*
 /doc/NEWS.html
@@ -12,12 +11,7 @@ result-*
 .version-suffix
 
 .DS_Store
-.mypy_cache
-__pycache__
 
 /pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5/*/tmp/
 /pkgs/desktops/kde-5/*/tmp/
 /pkgs/development/mobile/androidenv/xml/*
-
-# generated by pkgs/common-updater/update-script.nix
-update-git-commits.txt

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-21.11
+19.09

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# How to contribute
-
-Note: contributing implies licensing those contributions
-under the terms of [COPYING](COPYING), which is an MIT-like license.
-
-## Opening issues
-
-* Make sure you have a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free)
-* Make sure there is no open issue on the topic
-* [Submit a new issue](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/new/choose) by choosing the kind of topic and fill out the template
-
-## Submitting changes
-
-* Format the commit messages in the following way:
-
-  ```
-  (pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
-
-  (Motivation for change. Additional information.)
-  ```
-
-  For consistency, there should not be a period at the end of the commit message's summary line (the first line of the commit message).
-
-  Examples:
-
-  * nginx: init at 2.0.1
-  * firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0
-  * nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option
-
-    Dual baz behavior is needed to do foo.
-  * nixos/nginx: refactor config generation
-
-    The old config generation system used impure shell scripts and could break in specific circumstances (see #1234).
-
-* `meta.description` should:
-  * Be capitalized.
-  * Not start with the package name.
-  * Not have a period at the end.
-* `meta.license` must be set and fit the upstream license.
-  * If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `lib.licenses.unfree`.
-* `meta.maintainers` must be set.
-
-See the nixpkgs manual for more details on [standard meta-attributes](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-standard-meta-attributes) and on how to [submit changes to nixpkgs](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-submitting-changes).
-
-## Writing good commit messages
-
-In addition to writing properly formatted commit messages, it's important to include relevant information so other developers can later understand *why* a change was made. While this information usually can be found by digging code, mailing list/Discourse archives, pull request discussions or upstream changes, it may require a lot of work.
-
-For package version upgrades and such a one-line commit message is usually sufficient.
-
-## Backporting changes
-
-Follow these steps to backport a change into a release branch in compliance with the [commit policy](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches).
-
-1. Take note of the commits in which the change was introduced into `master` branch.
-2. Check out the target _release branch_, e.g. `release-20.09`. Do not use a _channel branch_ like `nixos-20.09` or `nixpkgs-20.09`.
-3. Create a branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b backport`.
-4. When the reason to backport is not obvious from the original commit message, use `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>` and add a reason. Otherwise use `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>`. That's fine for minor version updates that only include security and bug fixes, commits that fixes an otherwise broken package or similar. Please also ensure the commits exists on the master branch; in the case of squashed or rebased merges, the commit hash will change and the new commits can be found in the merge message at the bottom of the master pull request.
-5. Push to GitHub and open a backport pull request. Make sure to select the release branch (e.g. `release-20.09`) as the target branch of the pull request, and link to the pull request in which the original change was comitted to `master`. The pull request title should be the commit title with the release version as prefix, e.g. `[20.09]`.
-6. When the backport pull request is merged and you have the necessary privileges you can also replace the label `9.needs: port to stable` with `8.has: port to stable` on the original pull request. This way maintainers can keep track of missing backports easier.
-
-## Criteria for Backporting changes
-
-Anything that does not cause user or downstream dependency regressions can be backported. This includes:
-- New Packages / Modules
-- Security / Patch updates
-- Version updates which include new functionality (but no breaking changes)
-- Services which require a client to be up-to-date regardless. (E.g. `spotify`, `steam`, or `discord`)
-- Security critical applications (E.g. `firefox`)
-
-## Generating 21.11 Release Notes
-
-(This section also applies to backporting 21.05 release notes: substitute "rl-2111" for "rl-2105".)
-
-Documentation in nixpkgs is transitioning to a markdown-centric workflow. Release notes now require a translation step to convert from markdown to a compatible docbook document.
-
-Steps for updating 21.11 Release notes:
-
-1. Edit `nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2111.section.md` with the desired changes
-2. Run `./nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh` to render `nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2111.section.xml`
-3. Include changes to `rl-2111.section.md` and `rl-2111.section.xml` in the same commit.
-
-## Reviewing contributions
-
-See the nixpkgs manual for more details on how to [Review contributions](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-reviewing-contributions).

COPYING

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
+Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 </p>
 
 [Nixpkgs](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs) is a collection of over
-80,000 software packages that can be installed with the
+40,000 software packages that can be installed with the
 [Nix](https://nixos.org/nix/) package manager. It also implements
 [NixOS](https://nixos.org/nixos/), a purely-functional Linux distribution.
 
@@ -16,25 +16,23 @@
 
 * [NixOS Manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual) - how to install, configure, and maintain a purely-functional Linux distribution
 * [Nixpkgs Manual](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/) - contributing to Nixpkgs and using programming-language-specific Nix expressions
-* [Nix Package Manager Manual](https://nixos.org/nix/manual) - how to write Nix expressions (programs), and how to use Nix command line tools
+* [Nix Package Manager Manual](https://nixos.org/nix/manual) - how to write Nix expresssions (programs), and how to use Nix command line tools
 
 # Community
 
 * [Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/)
-* [Matrix Chat](https://matrix.to/#/#community:nixos.org)
+* [IRC - #nixos on freenode.net](irc://irc.freenode.net/#nixos)
 * [NixOS Weekly](https://weekly.nixos.org/)
 * [Community-maintained wiki](https://nixos.wiki/)
-* [Community-maintained list of ways to get in touch](https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Get_In_Touch#Chat) (Discord, Telegram, IRC, etc.)
 
 # Other Project Repositories
 
-The sources of all official Nix-related projects are in the [NixOS
+The sources of all offical Nix-related projects are in the [NixOS
 organization on GitHub](https://github.com/NixOS/). Here are some of
 the main ones:
 
 * [Nix](https://github.com/NixOS/nix) - the purely functional package manager
 * [NixOps](https://github.com/NixOS/nixops) - the tool to remotely deploy NixOS machines
-* [nixos-hardware](https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-hardware) - NixOS profiles to optimize settings for different hardware
 * [Nix RFCs](https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs) - the formal process for making substantial changes to the community
 * [NixOS homepage](https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-homepage) - the [NixOS.org](https://nixos.org) website
 * [hydra](https://github.com/NixOS/hydra) - our continuous integration system
@@ -46,21 +44,23 @@ Nixpkgs and NixOS are built and tested by our continuous integration
 system, [Hydra](https://hydra.nixos.org/).
 
 * [Continuous package builds for unstable/master](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/trunk-combined)
-* [Continuous package builds for the NixOS 21.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/release-21.11)
+* [Continuous package builds for the NixOS 19.09 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/release-19.09)
 * [Tests for unstable/master](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/tested#tabs-constituents)
-* [Tests for the NixOS 21.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/release-21.11/tested#tabs-constituents)
+* [Tests for the NixOS 19.09 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/release-19.09/tested#tabs-constituents)
 
 Artifacts successfully built with Hydra are published to cache at
 https://cache.nixos.org/. When successful build and test criteria are
 met, the Nixpkgs expressions are distributed via [Nix
-channels](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/package-management/channels.html).
+channels](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-channels). The channels
+are provided via a read-only mirror of the Nixpkgs repository called
+[nixpkgs-channels](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-channels).
 
 # Contributing
 
 Nixpkgs is among the most active projects on GitHub. While thousands
 of open issues and pull requests might seem a lot at first, it helps
 consider it in the context of the scope of the project. Nixpkgs
-describes how to build tens of thousands of pieces of software and implements a
+describes how to build over 40,000 pieces of software and implements a
 Linux distribution. The [GitHub Insights](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulse)
 page gives a sense of the project activity.
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Most contributions are based on and merged into these branches:
   deemed of sufficiently high quality
 
 For more information about contributing to the project, please visit
-the [contributing page](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+the [contributing page](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 # Donations
 
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ Foundation](https://nixos.org/nixos/foundation.html). To ensure the
 continuity and expansion of the NixOS infrastructure, we are looking
 for donations to our organization.
 
-You can donate to the NixOS foundation through [SEPA bank
-transfers](https://nixos.org/donate.html) or by using Open Collective:
+You can donate to the NixOS foundation by using Open Collective:
 
 <a href="https://opencollective.com/nixos#support"><img src="https://opencollective.com/nixos/tiers/supporter.svg?width=890" /></a>
 

default.nix

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ if ! builtins ? nixVersion || builtins.compareVersions requiredVersion builtins.
     - If you installed Nix using the install script (https://nixos.org/nix/install),
       it is safe to upgrade by running it again:
 
-          curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
+          curl https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
 
     For more information, please see the NixOS release notes at
     https://nixos.org/nixos/manual or locally at

doc/Makefile

@@ -1,20 +1,4 @@
-MD_TARGETS=$(addsuffix .xml, $(basename $(shell find . -type f -regex '.*\.md$$' -not -name README.md)))
-
-PANDOC ?= pandoc
-
-pandoc_media_dir = media
-# NOTE: Keep in sync with NixOS manual (/nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh) and conversion script (/maintainers/scripts/db-to-md.sh).
-# TODO: Remove raw-attribute when we can get rid of DocBook altogether.
-pandoc_commonmark_enabled_extensions = +attributes+fenced_divs+footnotes+bracketed_spans+definition_lists+pipe_tables+raw_attribute
-# Not needed:
-# - docbook-reader/citerefentry-to-rst-role.lua (only relevant for DocBook → MarkDown/rST/MyST)
-pandoc_flags = --extract-media=$(pandoc_media_dir) \
-	--lua-filter=$(PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR)/diagram-generator.lua \
-	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-reader/roles.lua \
-	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/link-unix-man-references.lua \
-	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/rst-roles.lua \
-	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/labelless-link-is-xref.lua \
-	-f commonmark$(pandoc_commonmark_enabled_extensions)+smart
+MD_TARGETS=$(addsuffix .xml, $(basename $(wildcard ./*.md ./**/*.md)))
 
 .PHONY: all
 all: validate format out/html/index.html out/epub/manual.epub
@@ -38,7 +22,7 @@ fix-misc-xml:
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:
 	rm -f ${MD_TARGETS} doc-support/result .version manual-full.xml functions/library/locations.xml functions/library/generated
-	rm -rf ./out/ ./highlightjs ./media
+	rm -rf ./out/ ./highlightjs
 
 .PHONY: validate
 validate: manual-full.xml doc-support/result
@@ -55,7 +39,6 @@ out/html/index.html: doc-support/result manual-full.xml style.css highlightjs
 	mkdir -p out/html/highlightjs/
 	cp -r highlightjs out/html/
 
-	cp -r $(pandoc_media_dir) out/html/
 	cp ./overrides.css out/html/
 	cp ./style.css out/html/style.css
 
@@ -70,7 +53,6 @@ out/epub/manual.epub: manual-full.xml
 		doc-support/result/epub.xsl \
 		./manual-full.xml
 
-	cp -r $(pandoc_media_dir) out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
 	cp ./overrides.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
 	cp ./style.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
 	mkdir -p out/epub/scratch/OEBPS/images/callouts/
@@ -105,12 +87,24 @@ functions/library/generated: doc-support/result
 	ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/function-docs functions/library/generated
 
 %.section.xml: %.section.md
-	$(PANDOC) $^ -t docbook \
-		$(pandoc_flags) \
-		-o $@
+	pandoc $^ -w docbook+smart \
+		-f markdown+smart \
+	  | sed -e 's|<ulink url=|<link xlink:href=|' \
+	      -e 's|</ulink>|</link>|' \
+	      -e 's|<sect. id=|<section xml:id=|' \
+	      -e 's|</sect[0-9]>|</section>|' \
+	      -e '1s| id=| xml:id=|' \
+	      -e '1s|\(<[^ ]* \)|\1xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" |' \
+	| cat  > $@
 
 %.chapter.xml: %.chapter.md
-	$(PANDOC) $^ -t docbook \
+	pandoc $^ -w docbook+smart \
 		--top-level-division=chapter \
-		$(pandoc_flags) \
-		-o $@
+		-f markdown+smart \
+	  | sed -e 's|<ulink url=|<link xlink:href=|' \
+	      -e 's|</ulink>|</link>|' \
+	      -e 's|<sect. id=|<section xml:id=|' \
+	      -e 's|</sect[0-9]>|</section>|' \
+	      -e '1s| id=| xml:id=|' \
+	      -e '1s|\(<[^ ]* \)|\1|' \
+	| cat  > $@

doc/README.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-
-# Nixpkgs/doc
-
-This directory houses the sources files for the Nixpkgs manual.
-
-You can find the [rendered documentation for Nixpkgs `unstable` on nixos.org](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/).
-
-[Docs for Nixpkgs stable](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/) are also available.
-
-If you want to contribute to the documentation, [here's how to do it](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-contributing).
-
-If you're only getting started with Nix, go to [nixos.org/learn](https://nixos.org/learn).

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-reader/citerefentry-to-rst-role.lua

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
---[[
-Converts Code AST nodes produced by pandoc’s DocBook reader
-from citerefentry elements into AST for corresponding role
-for reStructuredText.
-
-We use subset of MyST syntax (CommonMark with features from rST)
-so let’s use the rST AST for rST features.
-
-Reference: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html#role-manpage
-]]
-
-function Code(elem)
-  elem.classes = elem.classes:map(function (x)
-    if x == 'citerefentry' then
-      elem.attributes['role'] = 'manpage'
-      return 'interpreted-text'
-    else
-      return x
-    end
-  end)
-
-  return elem
-end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/labelless-link-is-xref.lua

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
---[[
-Converts Link AST nodes with empty label to DocBook xref elements.
-
-This is a temporary script to be able use cross-references conveniently
-using syntax taken from MyST, while we still use docbook-xsl
-for generating the documentation.
-
-Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using/syntax.html#targets-and-cross-referencing
-]]
-
-local function starts_with(start, str)
-  return str:sub(1, #start) == start
-end
-
-local function escape_xml_arg(arg)
-  amps = arg:gsub('&', '&')
-  amps_quotes = amps:gsub('"', '"')
-  amps_quotes_lt = amps_quotes:gsub('<', '&lt;')
-
-  return amps_quotes_lt
-end
-
-function Link(elem)
-  has_no_content = #elem.content == 0
-  targets_anchor = starts_with('#', elem.target)
-  has_no_attributes = elem.title == '' and elem.identifier == '' and #elem.classes == 0 and #elem.attributes == 0
-
-  if has_no_content and targets_anchor and has_no_attributes then
-    -- xref expects idref without the pound-sign
-    target_without_hash = elem.target:sub(2, #elem.target)
-
-    return pandoc.RawInline('docbook', '<xref linkend="' .. escape_xml_arg(target_without_hash) .. '" />')
-  end
-end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/rst-roles.lua

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
---[[
-Converts AST for reStructuredText roles into corresponding
-DocBook elements.
-
-Currently, only a subset of roles is supported.
-
-Reference:
-  List of roles:
-    https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html
-  manpage:
-    https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.1/citerefentry.html
-  file:
-    https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.1/filename.html
-]]
-
-function Code(elem)
-  if elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') then
-    local tag = nil
-    local content = elem.text
-    if elem.attributes['role'] == 'manpage' then
-      tag = 'citerefentry'
-      local title, volnum = content:match('^(.+)%((%w+)%)$')
-      if title == nil then
-        -- No volnum in parentheses.
-        title = content
-      end
-      content = '<refentrytitle>' .. title .. '</refentrytitle>' .. (volnum ~= nil and ('<manvolnum>' .. volnum .. '</manvolnum>') or '')
-    elseif elem.attributes['role'] == 'file' then
-      tag = 'filename'
-    end
-
-    if tag ~= nil then
-      return pandoc.RawInline('docbook', '<' .. tag .. '>' .. content .. '</' .. tag .. '>')
-    end
-  end
-end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/link-unix-man-references.lua

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
---[[
-Turns a manpage reference into a link, when a mapping is defined
-in the unix-man-urls.lua file.
-]]
-
-local man_urls = {
-  ["tmpfiles.d(5)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/tmpfiles.d.html",
-  ["nix.conf(5)"] = "https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#sec-conf-file",
-  ["systemd.time(7)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.time.html",
-  ["systemd.timer(5)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.timer.html",
-}
-
-function Code(elem)
-  local is_man_role = elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') and elem.attributes['role'] == 'manpage'
-  if is_man_role and man_urls[elem.text] ~= nil then
-    return pandoc.Link(elem, man_urls[elem.text])
-  end
-end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-reader/roles.lua

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
---[[
-Replaces Str AST nodes containing {role}, followed by a Code node
-by a Code node with attrs that would be produced by rST reader
-from the role syntax.
-
-This is to emulate MyST syntax in Pandoc.
-(MyST is a CommonMark flavour with rST features mixed in.)
-
-Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point
-]]
-
-function Inlines(inlines)
-  for i = #inlines-1,1,-1 do
-    local first = inlines[i]
-    local second = inlines[i+1]
-    local correct_tags = first.tag == 'Str' and second.tag == 'Code'
-    if correct_tags then
-      -- docutils supports alphanumeric strings separated by [-._:]
-      -- We are slightly more liberal for simplicity.
-      local role = first.text:match('^{([-._+:%w]+)}$')
-      if role ~= nil then
-        inlines:remove(i)
-        second.attributes['role'] = role
-        second.classes:insert('interpreted-text')
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  return inlines
-end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-writer/roles.lua

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
---[[
-Replaces Code nodes with attrs that would be produced by rST reader
-from the role syntax by a Str AST node containing {role}, followed by a Code node.
-
-This is to emulate MyST syntax in Pandoc.
-(MyST is a CommonMark flavour with rST features mixed in.)
-
-Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point
-]]
-
-function Code(elem)
-  local role = elem.attributes['role']
-
-  if elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') and role ~= nil then
-    elem.classes = elem.classes:filter(function (c)
-      return c ~= 'interpreted-text'
-    end)
-    elem.attributes['role'] = nil
-
-    return {
-      pandoc.Str('{' .. role .. '}'),
-      elem,
-    }
-  end
-end

doc/builders/fetchers.chapter.md

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# Fetchers {#chap-pkgs-fetchers}
-
-When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other files from the internet. For this purpose, Nix provides the [_fixed output derivation_](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#fixed-output-drvs) feature and Nixpkgs provides various functions that implement the actual fetching from various protocols and services.
-
-## Caveats
-
-Because fixed output derivations are _identified_ by their hash, a common mistake is to update a fetcher's URL or a version parameter, without updating the hash. **This will cause the old contents to be used.** So remember to always invalidate the hash argument.
-
-For those who develop and maintain fetchers, a similar problem arises with changes to the implementation of a fetcher. These may cause a fixed output derivation to fail, but won't normally be caught by tests because the supposed output is already in the store or cache. For the purpose of testing, you can use a trick that is embodied by the [`invalidateFetcherByDrvHash`](#sec-pkgs-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash) function. It uses the derivation `name` to create a unique output path per fetcher implementation, defeating the caching precisely where it would be harmful.
-
-## `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` {#fetchurl}
-
-Two basic fetchers are `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically `sha256`, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use `sha256`. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of fetchurl is provided below.
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "hello";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
-    sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-The main difference between `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` is in how they store the contents. `fetchurl` will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. `fetchzip` on the other hand will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. `fetchzip` can only be used with archives. Despite the name, `fetchzip` is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
-
-`fetchpatch` works very similarly to `fetchurl` with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
-
-Most other fetchers return a directory rather than a single file.
-
-## `fetchsvn` {#fetchsvn}
-
-Used with Subversion. Expects `url` to a Subversion directory, `rev`, and `sha256`.
-
-## `fetchgit` {#fetchgit}
-
-Used with Git. Expects `url` to a Git repo, `rev`, and `sha256`. `rev` in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like `refs/tags/v1.0`.
-
-Additionally the following optional arguments can be given: `fetchSubmodules = true` makes `fetchgit` also fetch the submodules of a repository. If `deepClone` is set to true, the entire repository is cloned as opposing to just creating a shallow clone. `deepClone = true` also implies `leaveDotGit = true` which means that the `.git` directory of the clone won't be removed after checkout.
-
-## `fetchfossil` {#fetchfossil}
-
-Used with Fossil. Expects `url` to a Fossil archive, `rev`, and `sha256`.
-
-## `fetchcvs` {#fetchcvs}
-
-Used with CVS. Expects `cvsRoot`, `tag`, and `sha256`.
-
-## `fetchhg` {#fetchhg}
-
-Used with Mercurial. Expects `url`, `rev`, and `sha256`.
-
-A number of fetcher functions wrap part of `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
-
-## `fetchFromGitHub` {#fetchfromgithub}
-
-`fetchFromGitHub` expects four arguments. `owner` is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `sha256` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `sha256` is currently preferred.
-
-`fetchFromGitHub` uses `fetchzip` to download the source archive generated by GitHub for the specified revision. If `leaveDotGit`, `deepClone` or `fetchSubmodules` are set to `true`, `fetchFromGitHub` will use `fetchgit` instead. Refer to its section for documentation of these options.
-
-## `fetchFromGitLab` {#fetchfromgitlab}
-
-This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromGitiles` {#fetchfromgitiles}
-
-This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected are similar to fetchgit.
-
-## `fetchFromBitbucket` {#fetchfrombitbucket}
-
-This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromSavannah` {#fetchfromsavannah}
-
-This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromRepoOrCz` {#fetchfromrepoorcz}
-
-This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
-
-## `fetchFromSourcehut` {#fetchfromsourcehut}
-
-This is used with sourcehut repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above. Don't forget the tilde (~) in front of the user name!

doc/builders/images.xml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
-         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
-         xml:id="chap-images">
- <title>Images</title>
- <para>
-  This chapter describes tools for creating various types of images.
- </para>
- <xi:include href="images/appimagetools.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="images/dockertools.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="images/ocitools.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="images/snaptools.section.xml" />
-</chapter>

doc/builders/images/appimagetools.section.md

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
-
-`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
-
-::: {.warning}
-The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
-:::
-
-## AppImage formats {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats}
-
-There are different formats for AppImages, see [the specification](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format) for details.
-
-- Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
-- Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
-
-They can be told apart with `file -k`:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ file -k type1.AppImage
-type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
-spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
-
-$ file -k type2.AppImage
-type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
-```
-
-Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an `ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem`, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
-
-## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
-
-Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use `wrapType1` or `wrapType2`.
-
-```nix
-appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
-  name = "patchwork";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
-    sha256 = "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
-  };
-  extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ];
-}
-```
-
-- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image.
-- `src` specifies the AppImage file to extract.
-- `extraPkgs` allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
-  - Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables. This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
-  - Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.

doc/builders/images/dockertools.section.md

@@ -1,308 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.dockerTools {#sec-pkgs-dockerTools}
-
-`pkgs.dockerTools` is a set of functions for creating and manipulating Docker images according to the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#docker-image-specification-v120). Docker itself is not used to perform any of the operations done by these functions.
-
-## buildImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage}
-
-This function is analogous to the `docker build` command, in that it can be used to build a Docker-compatible repository tarball containing a single image with one or multiple layers. As such, the result is suitable for being loaded in Docker with `docker load`.
-
-The parameters of `buildImage` with relative example values are described below:
-
-[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage}
-[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot}
-
-```nix
-buildImage {
-  name = "redis";
-  tag = "latest";
-
-  fromImage = someBaseImage;
-  fromImageName = null;
-  fromImageTag = "latest";
-
-  contents = pkgs.redis;
-  runAsRoot = ''
-    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    mkdir -p /data
-  '';
-
-  config = {
-    Cmd = [ "/bin/redis-server" ];
-    WorkingDir = "/data";
-    Volumes = { "/data" = { }; };
-  };
-}
-```
-
-The above example will build a Docker image `redis/latest` from the given base image. Loading and running this image in Docker results in `redis-server` being started automatically.
-
-- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image. This is the only required argument for `buildImage`.
-
-- `tag` specifies the tag of the resulting image. By default it's `null`, which indicates that the nix output hash will be used as tag.
-
-- `fromImage` is the repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as exported by `docker save`. By default it's `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
-
-- `fromImageName` can be used to further specify the base image within the repository, in case it contains multiple images. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first image available in the repository.
-
-- `fromImageTag` can be used to further specify the tag of the base image within the repository, in case an image contains multiple tags. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first tag available for the base image.
-
-- `contents` is a derivation that will be copied in the new layer of the resulting image. This can be similarly seen as `ADD contents/ /` in a `Dockerfile`. By default it's `null`.
-
-- `runAsRoot` is a bash script that will run as root in an environment that overlays the existing layers of the base image with the new resulting layer, including the previously copied `contents` derivation. This can be similarly seen as `RUN ...` in a `Dockerfile`.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** Using this parameter requires the `kvm` device to be available.
-
-- `config` is used to specify the configuration of the containers that will be started off the built image in Docker. The available options are listed in the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
-
-After the new layer has been created, its closure (to which `contents`, `config` and `runAsRoot` contribute) will be copied in the layer itself. Only new dependencies that are not already in the existing layers will be copied.
-
-At the end of the process, only one new single layer will be produced and added to the resulting image.
-
-The resulting repository will only list the single image `image/tag`. In the case of [the `buildImage` example](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage) it would be `redis/latest`.
-
-It is possible to inspect the arguments with which an image was built using its `buildArgs` attribute.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `getProtocolByName: does not exist (no such protocol name: tcp)` you may need to add `pkgs.iana-etc` to `contents`.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `Error_Protocol ("certificate has unknown CA",True,UnknownCa)` you may need to add `pkgs.cacert` to `contents`.
-
-By default `buildImage` will use a static date of one second past the UNIX Epoch. This allows `buildImage` to produce binary reproducible images. When listing images with `docker images`, the newly created images will be listed like this:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ docker images
-REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
-hello        latest   08c791c7846e   48 years ago   25.2MB
-```
-
-You can break binary reproducibility but have a sorted, meaningful `CREATED` column by setting `created` to `now`.
-
-```nix
-pkgs.dockerTools.buildImage {
-  name = "hello";
-  tag = "latest";
-  created = "now";
-  contents = pkgs.hello;
-
-  config.Cmd = [ "/bin/hello" ];
-}
-```
-
-and now the Docker CLI will display a reasonable date and sort the images as expected:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ docker images
-REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
-hello        latest   de2bf4786de6   About a minute ago   25.2MB
-```
-
-however, the produced images will not be binary reproducible.
-
-## buildLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildLayeredImage}
-
-Create a Docker image with many of the store paths being on their own layer to improve sharing between images. The image is realized into the Nix store as a gzipped tarball. Depending on the intended usage, many users might prefer to use `streamLayeredImage` instead, which this function uses internally.
-
-`name`
-
-: The name of the resulting image.
-
-`tag` _optional_
-
-: Tag of the generated image.
-
-    *Default:* the output path's hash
-
-`fromImage` _optional_
-
-: The repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as one exported by `docker save`.
-
-    *Default:* `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
-
-`contents` _optional_
-
-: Top level paths in the container. Either a single derivation, or a list of derivations.
-
-    *Default:* `[]`
-
-`config` _optional_
-
-: Run-time configuration of the container. A full list of the options are available at in the [ Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 ](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
-
-    *Default:* `{}`
-
-`created` _optional_
-
-: Date and time the layers were created. Follows the same `now` exception supported by `buildImage`.
-
-    *Default:* `1970-01-01T00:00:01Z`
-
-`maxLayers` _optional_
-
-: Maximum number of layers to create.
-
-    *Default:* `100`
-
-    *Maximum:* `125`
-
-`extraCommands` _optional_
-
-: Shell commands to run while building the final layer, without access to most of the layer contents. Changes to this layer are "on top" of all the other layers, so can create additional directories and files.
-
-`fakeRootCommands` _optional_
-
-: Shell commands to run while creating the archive for the final layer in a fakeroot environment. Unlike `extraCommands`, you can run `chown` to change the owners of the files in the archive, changing fakeroot's state instead of the real filesystem. The latter would require privileges that the build user does not have. Static binaries do not interact with the fakeroot environment. By default all files in the archive will be owned by root.
-
-### Behavior of `contents` in the final image {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-contents}
-
-Each path directly listed in `contents` will have a symlink in the root of the image.
-
-For example:
-
-```nix
-pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-  name = "hello";
-  contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
-}
-```
-
-will create symlinks for all the paths in the `hello` package:
-
-```ShellSession
-/bin/hello -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/bin/hello
-/share/info/hello.info -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/info/hello.info
-/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo
-```
-
-### Automatic inclusion of `config` references {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-config}
-
-The closure of `config` is automatically included in the closure of the final image.
-
-This allows you to make very simple Docker images with very little code. This container will start up and run `hello`:
-
-```nix
-pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-  name = "hello";
-  config.Cmd = [ "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello" ];
-}
-```
-
-### Adjusting `maxLayers` {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-maxLayers}
-
-Increasing the `maxLayers` increases the number of layers which have a chance to be shared between different images.
-
-Modern Docker installations support up to 128 layers, however older versions support as few as 42.
-
-If the produced image will not be extended by other Docker builds, it is safe to set `maxLayers` to `128`. However it will be impossible to extend the image further.
-
-The first (`maxLayers-2`) most "popular" paths will have their own individual layers, then layer \#`maxLayers-1` will contain all the remaining "unpopular" paths, and finally layer \#`maxLayers` will contain the Image configuration.
-
-Docker's Layers are not inherently ordered, they are content-addressable and are not explicitly layered until they are composed in to an Image.
-
-## streamLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-streamLayeredImage}
-
-Builds a script which, when run, will stream an uncompressed tarball of a Docker image to stdout. The arguments to this function are as for `buildLayeredImage`. This method of constructing an image does not realize the image into the Nix store, so it saves on IO and disk/cache space, particularly with large images.
-
-The image produced by running the output script can be piped directly into `docker load`, to load it into the local docker daemon:
-
-```ShellSession
-$(nix-build) | docker load
-```
-
-Alternatively, the image be piped via `gzip` into `skopeo`, e.g. to copy it into a registry:
-
-```ShellSession
-$(nix-build) | gzip --fast | skopeo copy docker-archive:/dev/stdin docker://some_docker_registry/myimage:tag
-```
-
-## pullImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-fetchFromRegistry}
-
-This function is analogous to the `docker pull` command, in that it can be used to pull a Docker image from a Docker registry. By default [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) is used to pull images.
-
-Its parameters are described in the example below:
-
-```nix
-pullImage {
-  imageName = "nixos/nix";
-  imageDigest =
-    "sha256:20d9485b25ecfd89204e843a962c1bd70e9cc6858d65d7f5fadc340246e2116b";
-  finalImageName = "nix";
-  finalImageTag = "1.11";
-  sha256 = "0mqjy3zq2v6rrhizgb9nvhczl87lcfphq9601wcprdika2jz7qh8";
-  os = "linux";
-  arch = "x86_64";
-}
-```
-
-- `imageName` specifies the name of the image to be downloaded, which can also include the registry namespace (e.g. `nixos`). This argument is required.
-
-- `imageDigest` specifies the digest of the image to be downloaded. This argument is required.
-
-- `finalImageName`, if specified, this is the name of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's equal to `imageName`.
-
-- `finalImageTag`, if specified, this is the tag of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's `latest`.
-
-- `sha256` is the checksum of the whole fetched image. This argument is required.
-
-- `os`, if specified, is the operating system of the fetched image. By default it's `linux`.
-
-- `arch`, if specified, is the cpu architecture of the fetched image. By default it's `x86_64`.
-
-`nix-prefetch-docker` command can be used to get required image parameters:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix run nixpkgs.nix-prefetch-docker -c nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5
-```
-
-Since a given `imageName` may transparently refer to a manifest list of images which support multiple architectures and/or operating systems, you can supply the `--os` and `--arch` arguments to specify exactly which image you want. By default it will match the OS and architecture of the host the command is run on.
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --arch x86_64 --os linux
-```
-
-Desired image name and tag can be set using `--final-image-name` and `--final-image-tag` arguments:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --final-image-name eu.gcr.io/my-project/mysql --final-image-tag prod
-```
-
-## exportImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-exportImage}
-
-This function is analogous to the `docker export` command, in that it can be used to flatten a Docker image that contains multiple layers. It is in fact the result of the merge of all the layers of the image. As such, the result is suitable for being imported in Docker with `docker import`.
-
-> **_NOTE:_** Using this function requires the `kvm` device to be available.
-
-The parameters of `exportImage` are the following:
-
-```nix
-exportImage {
-  fromImage = someLayeredImage;
-  fromImageName = null;
-  fromImageTag = null;
-
-  name = someLayeredImage.name;
-}
-```
-
-The parameters relative to the base image have the same synopsis as described in [buildImage](#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage), except that `fromImage` is the only required argument in this case.
-
-The `name` argument is the name of the derivation output, which defaults to `fromImage.name`.
-
-## shadowSetup {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-shadowSetup}
-
-This constant string is a helper for setting up the base files for managing users and groups, only if such files don't exist already. It is suitable for being used in a [`buildImage` `runAsRoot`](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot) script for cases like in the example below:
-
-```nix
-buildImage {
-  name = "shadow-basic";
-
-  runAsRoot = ''
-    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    ${shadowSetup}
-    groupadd -r redis
-    useradd -r -g redis redis
-    mkdir /data
-    chown redis:redis /data
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-Creating base files like `/etc/passwd` or `/etc/login.defs` is necessary for shadow-utils to manipulate users and groups.

doc/builders/images/ocitools.section.md

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.ociTools {#sec-pkgs-ociTools}
-
-`pkgs.ociTools` is a set of functions for creating containers according to the [OCI container specification v1.0.0](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec). Beyond that it makes no assumptions about the container runner you choose to use to run the created container.
-
-## buildContainer {#ssec-pkgs-ociTools-buildContainer}
-
-This function creates a simple OCI container that runs a single command inside of it. An OCI container consists of a `config.json` and a rootfs directory.The nix store of the container will contain all referenced dependencies of the given command.
-
-The parameters of `buildContainer` with an example value are described below:
-
-```nix
-buildContainer {
-  args = [
-    (with pkgs;
-      writeScript "run.sh" ''
-        #!${bash}/bin/bash
-        exec ${bash}/bin/bash
-      '').outPath
-  ];
-
-  mounts = {
-    "/data" = {
-      type = "none";
-      source = "/var/lib/mydata";
-      options = [ "bind" ];
-    };
-  };
-
-  readonly = false;
-}
-```
-
-- `args` specifies a set of arguments to run inside the container. This is the only required argument for `buildContainer`. All referenced packages inside the derivation will be made available inside the container
-
-- `mounts` specifies additional mount points chosen by the user. By default only a minimal set of necessary filesystems are mounted into the container (e.g procfs, cgroupfs)
-
-- `readonly` makes the container\'s rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false `false`.

doc/builders/images/snaptools.section.md

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.snapTools {#sec-pkgs-snapTools}
-
-`pkgs.snapTools` is a set of functions for creating Snapcraft images. Snap and Snapcraft is not used to perform these operations.
-
-## The makeSnap Function {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-makeSnap-signature}
-
-`makeSnap` takes a single named argument, `meta`. This argument mirrors [the upstream `snap.yaml` format](https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-format) exactly.
-
-The `base` should not be specified, as `makeSnap` will force set it.
-
-Currently, `makeSnap` does not support creating GUI stubs.
-
-## Build a Hello World Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-hello}
-
-The following expression packages GNU Hello as a Snapcraft snap.
-
-``` {#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-hello .nix}
-let
-  inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools hello;
-in snapTools.makeSnap {
-  meta = {
-    name = "hello";
-    summary = hello.meta.description;
-    description = hello.meta.longDescription;
-    architectures = [ "amd64" ];
-    confinement = "strict";
-    apps.hello.command = "${hello}/bin/hello";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `hello` will now be the Snapcraft version of the package.
-
-## Build a Graphical Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-firefox}
-
-Graphical programs require many more integrations with the host. This example uses Firefox as an example, because it is one of the most complicated programs we could package.
-
-``` {#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-firefox .nix}
-let
-  inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools firefox;
-in snapTools.makeSnap {
-  meta = {
-    name = "nix-example-firefox";
-    summary = firefox.meta.description;
-    architectures = [ "amd64" ];
-    apps.nix-example-firefox = {
-      command = "${firefox}/bin/firefox";
-      plugs = [
-        "pulseaudio"
-        "camera"
-        "browser-support"
-        "avahi-observe"
-        "cups-control"
-        "desktop"
-        "desktop-legacy"
-        "gsettings"
-        "home"
-        "network"
-        "mount-observe"
-        "removable-media"
-        "x11"
-      ];
-    };
-    confinement = "strict";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `nix-example-firefox` will now be the Snapcraft version of the Firefox package.
-
-The specific meaning behind plugs can be looked up in the [Snapcraft interface documentation](https://docs.snapcraft.io/supported-interfaces).

doc/builders/packages/cataclysm-dda.section.md

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-# Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead {#cataclysm-dark-days-ahead}
-
-## How to install Cataclysm DDA {#how-to-install-cataclysm-dda}
-
-To install the latest stable release of Cataclysm DDA to your profile, execute
-`nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA cataclysm-dda`. For the curses build (build
-without tiles), install `cataclysmDDA.stable.curses`. Note: `cataclysm-dda` is
-an alias to `cataclysmDDA.stable.tiles`.
-
-If you like access to a development build of your favorite git revision,
-override `cataclysm-dda-git` (or `cataclysmDDA.git.curses` if you like curses
-build):
-
-```nix
-cataclysm-dda-git.override {
-  version = "YYYY-MM-DD";
-  rev = "YOUR_FAVORITE_REVISION";
-  sha256 = "CHECKSUM_OF_THE_REVISION";
-}
-```
-
-The sha256 checksum can be obtained by
-
-```sh
-nix-prefetch-url --unpack "https://github.com/CleverRaven/Cataclysm-DDA/archive/${YOUR_FAVORITE_REVISION}.tar.gz"
-```
-
-The default configuration directory is `~/.cataclysm-dda`. If you prefer
-`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/cataclysm-dda`, override the derivation:
-
-```nix
-cataclysm-dda.override {
-  useXdgDir = true;
-}
-```
-
-## Important note for overriding packages {#important-note-for-overriding-packages}
-
-After applying `overrideAttrs`, you need to fix `passthru.pkgs` and
-`passthru.withMods` attributes either manually or by using `attachPkgs`:
-
-```nix
-let
-  # You enabled parallel building.
-  myCDDA = cataclysm-dda-git.overrideAttrs (_: {
-    enableParallelBuilding = true;
-  });
-
-  # Unfortunately, this refers to the package before overriding and
-  # parallel building is still disabled.
-  badExample = myCDDA.withMods (_: []);
-
-  inherit (cataclysmDDA) attachPkgs pkgs wrapCDDA;
-
-  # You can fix it by hand
-  goodExample1 = myCDDA.overrideAttrs (old: {
-    passthru = old.passthru // {
-      pkgs = pkgs.override { build = goodExample1; };
-      withMods = wrapCDDA goodExample1;
-    };
-  });
-
-  # or by using a helper function `attachPkgs`.
-  goodExample2 = attachPkgs pkgs myCDDA;
-in
-
-# badExample                     # parallel building disabled
-# goodExample1.withMods (_: [])  # parallel building enabled
-goodExample2.withMods (_: [])    # parallel building enabled
-```
-
-## Customizing with mods {#customizing-with-mods}
-
-To install Cataclysm DDA with mods of your choice, you can use `withMods`
-attribute:
-
-```nix
-cataclysm-dda.withMods (mods: with mods; [
-  tileset.UndeadPeople
-])
-```
-
-All mods, soundpacks, and tilesets available in nixpkgs are found in
-`cataclysmDDA.pkgs`.
-
-Here is an example to modify existing mods and/or add more mods not available
-in nixpkgs:
-
-```nix
-let
-  customMods = self: super: lib.recursiveUpdate super {
-    # Modify existing mod
-    tileset.UndeadPeople = super.tileset.UndeadPeople.overrideAttrs (old: {
-      # If you like to apply a patch to the tileset for example
-      patches = [ ./path/to/your.patch ];
-    });
-
-    # Add another mod
-    mod.Awesome = cataclysmDDA.buildMod {
-      modName = "Awesome";
-      version = "0.x";
-      src = fetchFromGitHub {
-        owner = "Someone";
-        repo = "AwesomeMod";
-        rev = "...";
-        sha256 = "...";
-      };
-      # Path to be installed in the unpacked source (default: ".")
-      modRoot = "contents/under/this/path/will/be/installed";
-    };
-
-    # Add another soundpack
-    soundpack.Fantastic = cataclysmDDA.buildSoundPack {
-      # ditto
-    };
-
-    # Add another tileset
-    tileset.SuperDuper = cataclysmDDA.buildTileSet {
-      # ditto
-    };
-  };
-in
-cataclysm-dda.withMods (mods: with mods.extend customMods; [
-  tileset.UndeadPeople
-  mod.Awesome
-  soundpack.Fantastic
-  tileset.SuperDuper
-])
-```

doc/builders/packages/citrix.section.md

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# Citrix Workspace {#sec-citrix}
-
-The [Citrix Workspace App](https://www.citrix.com/products/workspace-app/) is a remote desktop viewer which provides access to [XenDesktop](https://www.citrix.com/products/xenapp-xendesktop/) installations.
-
-## Basic usage {#sec-citrix-base}
-
-The tarball archive needs to be downloaded manually as the license agreements of the vendor for [Citrix Workspace](https://www.citrix.de/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html) needs to be accepted first. Then run `nix-prefetch-url file://$PWD/linuxx64-$version.tar.gz`. With the archive available in the store the package can be built and installed with Nix.
-
-## Citrix Selfservice {#sec-citrix-selfservice}
-
-The [selfservice](https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX200337) is an application managing Citrix desktops and applications. Please note that this feature only works with at least citrix_workspace_20_06_0 and later versions.
-
-In order to set this up, you first have to [download the `.cr` file from the Netscaler Gateway](https://its.uiowa.edu/support/article/102186). After that you can configure the `selfservice` like this:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ storebrowse -C ~/Downloads/receiverconfig.cr
-$ selfservice
-```
-
-## Custom certificates {#sec-citrix-custom-certs}
-
-The `Citrix Workspace App` in `nixpkgs` trusts several certificates [from the Mozilla database](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html) by default. However several companies using Citrix might require their own corporate certificate. On distros with imperative packaging these certs can be stored easily in [`$ICAROOT`](https://developer-docs.citrix.com/projects/receiver-for-linux-command-reference/en/13.7/), however this directory is a store path in `nixpkgs`. In order to work around this issue the package provides a simple mechanism to add custom certificates without rebuilding the entire package using `symlinkJoin`:
-
-```nix
-with import <nixpkgs> { config.allowUnfree = true; };
-let
-  extraCerts = [
-    ./custom-cert-1.pem
-    ./custom-cert-2.pem # ...
-  ];
-in citrix_workspace.override { inherit extraCerts; }
-```

doc/builders/packages/dlib.section.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# DLib {#dlib}
-
-[DLib](http://dlib.net/) is a modern, C++-based toolkit which provides several machine learning algorithms.
-
-## Compiling without AVX support {#compiling-without-avx-support}
-
-Especially older CPUs don\'t support [AVX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions) (Advanced Vector Extensions) instructions that are used by DLib to optimize their algorithms.
-
-On the affected hardware errors like `Illegal instruction` will occur. In those cases AVX support needs to be disabled:
-
-```nix
-self: super: { dlib = super.dlib.override { avxSupport = false; }; }
-```

doc/builders/packages/eclipse.section.md

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# Eclipse {#sec-eclipse}
-
-The Nix expressions related to the Eclipse platform and IDE are in [`pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse).
-
-Nixpkgs provides a number of packages that will install Eclipse in its various forms. These range from the bare-bones Eclipse Platform to the more fully featured Eclipse SDK or Scala-IDE packages and multiple version are often available. It is possible to list available Eclipse packages by issuing the command:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses --description
-```
-
-Once an Eclipse variant is installed it can be run using the `eclipse` command, as expected. From within Eclipse it is then possible to install plugins in the usual manner by either manually specifying an Eclipse update site or by installing the Marketplace Client plugin and using it to discover and install other plugins. This installation method provides an Eclipse installation that closely resemble a manually installed Eclipse.
-
-If you prefer to install plugins in a more declarative manner then Nixpkgs also offer a number of Eclipse plugins that can be installed in an _Eclipse environment_. This type of environment is created using the function `eclipseWithPlugins` found inside the `nixpkgs.eclipses` attribute set. This function takes as argument `{ eclipse, plugins ? [], jvmArgs ? [] }` where `eclipse` is a one of the Eclipse packages described above, `plugins` is a list of plugin derivations, and `jvmArgs` is a list of arguments given to the JVM running the Eclipse. For example, say you wish to install the latest Eclipse Platform with the popular Eclipse Color Theme plugin and also allow Eclipse to use more RAM. You could then add
-
-```nix
-packageOverrides = pkgs: {
-  myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
-    eclipse = eclipse-platform;
-    jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
-    plugins = [ plugins.color-theme ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-to your Nixpkgs configuration (`~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix`) and install it by running `nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA myEclipse` and afterward run Eclipse as usual. It is possible to find out which plugins are available for installation using `eclipseWithPlugins` by running
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses.plugins --description
-```
-
-If there is a need to install plugins that are not available in Nixpkgs then it may be possible to define these plugins outside Nixpkgs using the `buildEclipseUpdateSite` and `buildEclipsePlugin` functions found in the `nixpkgs.eclipses.plugins` attribute set. Use the `buildEclipseUpdateSite` function to install a plugin distributed as an Eclipse update site. This function takes `{ name, src }` as argument where `src` indicates the Eclipse update site archive. All Eclipse features and plugins within the downloaded update site will be installed. When an update site archive is not available then the `buildEclipsePlugin` function can be used to install a plugin that consists of a pair of feature and plugin JARs. This function takes an argument `{ name, srcFeature, srcPlugin }` where `srcFeature` and `srcPlugin` are the feature and plugin JARs, respectively.
-
-Expanding the previous example with two plugins using the above functions we have
-
-```nix
-packageOverrides = pkgs: {
-  myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
-    eclipse = eclipse-platform;
-    jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
-    plugins = [
-      plugins.color-theme
-      (plugins.buildEclipsePlugin {
-        name = "myplugin1-1.0";
-        srcFeature = fetchurl {
-          url = "http://…/features/myplugin1.jar";
-          sha256 = "123…";
-        };
-        srcPlugin = fetchurl {
-          url = "http://…/plugins/myplugin1.jar";
-          sha256 = "123…";
-        };
-      });
-      (plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
-        name = "myplugin2-1.0";
-        src = fetchurl {
-          stripRoot = false;
-          url = "http://…/myplugin2.zip";
-          sha256 = "123…";
-        };
-      });
-    ];
-  };
-}
-```

doc/builders/packages/elm.section.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Elm {#sec-elm}
-
-To start a development environment do
-
-```ShellSession
-nix-shell -p elmPackages.elm elmPackages.elm-format
-```
-
-To update the Elm compiler, see `nixpkgs/pkgs/development/compilers/elm/README.md`.
-
-To package Elm applications, [read about elm2nix](https://github.com/hercules-ci/elm2nix#elm2nix).

doc/builders/packages/emacs.section.md

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-# Emacs {#sec-emacs}
-
-## Configuring Emacs {#sec-emacs-config}
-
-The Emacs package comes with some extra helpers to make it easier to configure. `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` allows you to manage packages from ELPA. This means that you will not have to install that packages from within Emacs. For instance, if you wanted to use `company` `counsel`, `flycheck`, `ivy`, `magit`, `projectile`, and `use-package` you could use this as a `~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix` override:
-
-```nix
-{
-  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
-    myEmacs = emacs.pkgs.withPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
-      company
-      counsel
-      flycheck
-      ivy
-      magit
-      projectile
-      use-package
-    ]));
-  }
-}
-```
-
-You can install it like any other packages via `nix-env -iA myEmacs`. However, this will only install those packages. It will not `configure` them for us. To do this, we need to provide a configuration file. Luckily, it is possible to do this from within Nix! By modifying the above example, we can make Emacs load a custom config file. The key is to create a package that provide a `default.el` file in `/share/emacs/site-start/`. Emacs knows to load this file automatically when it starts.
-
-```nix
-{
-  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
-    myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
-      ;; initialize package
-
-      (require 'package)
-      (package-initialize 'noactivate)
-      (eval-when-compile
-        (require 'use-package))
-
-      ;; load some packages
-
-      (use-package company
-        :bind ("<C-tab>" . company-complete)
-        :diminish company-mode
-        :commands (company-mode global-company-mode)
-        :defer 1
-        :config
-        (global-company-mode))
-
-      (use-package counsel
-        :commands (counsel-descbinds)
-        :bind (([remap execute-extended-command] . counsel-M-x)
-               ("C-x C-f" . counsel-find-file)
-               ("C-c g" . counsel-git)
-               ("C-c j" . counsel-git-grep)
-               ("C-c k" . counsel-ag)
-               ("C-x l" . counsel-locate)
-               ("M-y" . counsel-yank-pop)))
-
-      (use-package flycheck
-        :defer 2
-        :config (global-flycheck-mode))
-
-      (use-package ivy
-        :defer 1
-        :bind (("C-c C-r" . ivy-resume)
-               ("C-x C-b" . ivy-switch-buffer)
-               :map ivy-minibuffer-map
-               ("C-j" . ivy-call))
-        :diminish ivy-mode
-        :commands ivy-mode
-        :config
-        (ivy-mode 1))
-
-      (use-package magit
-        :defer
-        :if (executable-find "git")
-        :bind (("C-x g" . magit-status)
-               ("C-x G" . magit-dispatch-popup))
-        :init
-        (setq magit-completing-read-function 'ivy-completing-read))
-
-      (use-package projectile
-        :commands projectile-mode
-        :bind-keymap ("C-c p" . projectile-command-map)
-        :defer 5
-        :config
-        (projectile-global-mode))
-    '';
-
-    myEmacs = emacs.pkgs.withPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
-      (runCommand "default.el" {} ''
-         mkdir -p $out/share/emacs/site-lisp
-         cp ${myEmacsConfig} $out/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el
-       '')
-      company
-      counsel
-      flycheck
-      ivy
-      magit
-      projectile
-      use-package
-    ]));
-  };
-}
-```
-
-This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in addition to the user's presonal config. You can always disable it by passing `-q` to the Emacs command.
-
-Sometimes `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` is not enough, as this package set has some priorities imposed on packages (with the lowest priority assigned to Melpa Unstable, and the highest for packages manually defined in `pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix`). But you can't control this priorities when some package is installed as a dependency. You can override it on per-package-basis, providing all the required dependencies manually - but it's tedious and there is always a possibility that an unwanted dependency will sneak in through some other package. To completely override such a package you can use `overrideScope'`.
-
-```nix
-overrides = self: super: rec {
-  haskell-mode = self.melpaPackages.haskell-mode;
-  ...
-};
-((emacsPackagesFor emacs).overrideScope' overrides).withPackages
-  (p: with p; [
-    # here both these package will use haskell-mode of our own choice
-    ghc-mod
-    dante
-  ])
-```

doc/builders/packages/etc-files.section.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# /etc files {#etc}
-
-Certain calls in glibc require access to runtime files found in /etc such as `/etc/protocols` or `/etc/services` -- [getprotobyname](https://linux.die.net/man/3/getprotobyname) is one such function.
-
-On non-NixOS distributions these files are typically provided by packages (i.e. [netbase](https://packages.debian.org/sid/netbase)) if not already pre-installed in your distribution. This can cause non-reproducibility for code if they rely on these files being present.
-
-If [iana-etc](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/nixpkgs.iana-etc.x86_64-linux) is part of your _buildInputs_ then it will set the environment varaibles `NIX_ETC_PROTOCOLS` and `NIX_ETC_SERVICES` to the corresponding files in the package through a _setup-hook_.
-
-
-```bash
-> nix-shell -p iana-etc
-
-[nix-shell:~]$ env | grep NIX_ETC
-NIX_ETC_SERVICES=/nix/store/aj866hr8fad8flnggwdhrldm0g799ccz-iana-etc-20210225/etc/services
-NIX_ETC_PROTOCOLS=/nix/store/aj866hr8fad8flnggwdhrldm0g799ccz-iana-etc-20210225/etc/protocols
-```
-
-Nixpkg's version of [glibc](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/glibc/default.nix) has been patched to check for the existence of these environment variables. If the environment variable are *not set*, then it will attempt to find the files at the default location within _/etc_.

doc/builders/packages/firefox.section.md

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-# Firefox {#sec-firefox}
-
-## Build wrapped Firefox with extensions and policies {#build-wrapped-firefox-with-extensions-and-policies}
-
-The `wrapFirefox` function allows to pass policies, preferences and extension that are available to Firefox. With the help of `fetchFirefoxAddon` this allows build a Firefox version that already comes with addons pre-installed:
-
-```nix
-{
-  # Nix firefox addons only work with the firefox-esr package.
-  myFirefox = wrapFirefox firefox-esr-unwrapped {
-    nixExtensions = [
-      (fetchFirefoxAddon {
-        name = "ublock"; # Has to be unique!
-        url = "https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/downloads/file/3679754/ublock_origin-1.31.0-an+fx.xpi";
-        sha256 = "1h768ljlh3pi23l27qp961v1hd0nbj2vasgy11bmcrlqp40zgvnr";
-      })
-    ];
-
-    extraPolicies = {
-      CaptivePortal = false;
-      DisableFirefoxStudies = true;
-      DisablePocket = true;
-      DisableTelemetry = true;
-      DisableFirefoxAccounts = true;
-      FirefoxHome = {
-        Pocket = false;
-        Snippets = false;
-      };
-       UserMessaging = {
-         ExtensionRecommendations = false;
-         SkipOnboarding = true;
-       };
-    };
-
-    extraPrefs = ''
-      // Show more ssl cert infos
-      lockPref("security.identityblock.show_extended_validation", true);
-    '';
-  };
-}
-```
-
-If `nixExtensions != null` then all manually installed addons will be uninstalled from your browser profile.
-To view available enterprise policies visit [enterprise policies](https://github.com/mozilla/policy-templates#enterprisepoliciesenabled)
-or type into the Firefox url bar: `about:policies#documentation`.
-Nix installed addons do not have a valid signature, which is why signature verification is disabled. This does not compromise security because downloaded addons are checksumed and manual addons can't be installed. Also make sure that the `name` field of fetchFirefoxAddon is unique. If you remove an addon from the nixExtensions array, rebuild and start Firefox the removed addon will be completly removed with all of its settings.
-
-## Troubleshooting {#sec-firefox-troubleshooting}
-If addons are marked as broken or the signature is invalid, make sure you have Firefox ESR installed. Normal Firefox does not provide the ability anymore to disable signature verification for addons thus nix addons get disabled by the normal Firefox binary.
-
-If addons do not appear installed although they have been defined in your nix configuration file reset the local addon state of your Firefox profile by clicking `help -> restart with addons disabled -> restart -> refresh firefox`. This can happen if you switch from manual addon mode to nix addon mode and then back to manual mode and then again to nix addon mode.
-

doc/builders/packages/fish.section.md

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# Fish {#sec-fish}
-
-Fish is a "smart and user-friendly command line shell" with support for plugins.
-
-
-## Vendor Fish scripts {#sec-fish-vendor}
-
-Any package may ship its own Fish completions, configuration snippets, and
-functions. Those should be installed to
-`$out/share/fish/vendor_{completions,conf,functions}.d` respectively.
-
-When the `programs.fish.enable` and
-`programs.fish.vendor.{completions,config,functions}.enable` options from the
-NixOS Fish module are set to true, those paths are symlinked in the current
-system environment and automatically loaded by Fish.
-
-
-## Packaging Fish plugins {#sec-fish-plugins-pkg}
-
-While packages providing standalone executables belong to the top level,
-packages which have the sole purpose of extending Fish belong to the
-`fishPlugins` scope and should be registered in
-`pkgs/shells/fish/plugins/default.nix`.
-
-The `buildFishPlugin` utility function can be used to automatically copy Fish
-scripts from `$src/{completions,conf,conf.d,functions}` to the standard vendor
-installation paths. It also sets up the test environment so that the optional
-`checkPhase` is executed in a Fish shell with other already packaged plugins
-and package-local Fish functions specified in `checkPlugins` and
-`checkFunctionDirs` respectively.
-
-See `pkgs/shells/fish/plugins/pure.nix` for an example of Fish plugin package
-using `buildFishPlugin` and running unit tests with the `fishtape` test runner.
-
-
-## Fish wrapper {#sec-fish-wrapper}
-
-The `wrapFish` package is a wrapper around Fish which can be used to create
-Fish shells initialised with some plugins as well as completions, configuration
-snippets and functions sourced from the given paths. This provides a convenient
-way to test Fish plugins and scripts without having to alter the environment.
-
-```nix
-wrapFish {
-  pluginPkgs = with fishPlugins; [ pure foreign-env ];
-  completionDirs = [];
-  functionDirs = [];
-  confDirs = [ "/path/to/some/fish/init/dir/" ];
-}
-```

doc/builders/packages/fuse.section.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# FUSE {#sec-fuse}
-
-Some packages rely on
-[FUSE](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/fuse.html) to provide
-support for additional filesystems not supported by the kernel.
-
-In general, FUSE software are primarily developed for Linux but many of them can
-also run on macOS. Nixpkgs supports FUSE packages on macOS, but it requires
-[macFUSE](https://osxfuse.github.io) to be installed outside of Nix. macFUSE
-currently isn't packaged in Nixpkgs mainly because it includes a kernel
-extension, which isn't supported by Nix outside of NixOS.
-
-If a package fails to run on macOS with an error message similar to the
-following, it's a likely sign that you need to have macFUSE installed.
-
-    dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/lib/libfuse.2.dylib
-    Referenced from: /nix/store/w8bi72bssv0bnxhwfw3xr1mvn7myf37x-sshfs-fuse-2.10/bin/sshfs
-    Reason: image not found
-    [1]    92299 abort      /nix/store/w8bi72bssv0bnxhwfw3xr1mvn7myf37x-sshfs-fuse-2.10/bin/sshfs
-
-Package maintainers may often encounter the following error when building FUSE
-packages on macOS:
-
-    checking for fuse.h... no
-    configure: error: No fuse.h found.
-
-This happens on autoconf based projects that uses `AC_CHECK_HEADERS` or
-`AC_CHECK_LIBS` to detect libfuse, and will occur even when the `fuse` package
-is included in `buildInputs`. It happens because libfuse headers throw an error
-on macOS if the `FUSE_USE_VERSION` macro is undefined. Many proejcts do define
-`FUSE_USE_VERSION`, but only inside C source files. This results in the above
-error at configure time because the configure script would attempt to compile
-sample FUSE programs without defining `FUSE_USE_VERSION`.
-
-There are two possible solutions for this problem in Nixpkgs:
-
-1. Pass `FUSE_USE_VERSION` to the configure script by adding
-   `CFLAGS=-DFUSE_USE_VERSION=25` in `configureFlags`. The actual value would
-   have to match the definition used in the upstream source code.
-2. Remove `AC_CHECK_HEADERS` / `AC_CHECK_LIBS` for libfuse.
-
-However, a better solution might be to fix the build script upstream to use
-`PKG_CHECK_MODULES` instead. This approach wouldn't suffer from the problem that
-`AC_CHECK_HEADERS`/`AC_CHECK_LIBS` has at the price of introducing a dependency
-on pkg-config.

doc/builders/packages/ibus.section.md

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# ibus-engines.typing-booster {#sec-ibus-typing-booster}
-
-This package is an ibus-based completion method to speed up typing.
-
-## Activating the engine {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-activate}
-
-IBus needs to be configured accordingly to activate `typing-booster`. The configuration depends on the desktop manager in use. For detailed instructions, please refer to the [upstream docs](https://mike-fabian.github.io/ibus-typing-booster/documentation.html).
-
-On NixOS you need to explicitly enable `ibus` with given engines before customizing your desktop to use `typing-booster`. This can be achieved using the `ibus` module:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs, ... }: {
-  i18n.inputMethod = {
-    enabled = "ibus";
-    ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ typing-booster ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-## Using custom hunspell dictionaries {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-customize-hunspell}
-
-The IBus engine is based on `hunspell` to support completion in many languages. By default the dictionaries `de-de`, `en-us`, `fr-moderne` `es-es`, `it-it`, `sv-se` and `sv-fi` are in use. To add another dictionary, the package can be overridden like this:
-
-```nix
-ibus-engines.typing-booster.override { langs = [ "de-at" "en-gb" ]; }
-```
-
-_Note: each language passed to `langs` must be an attribute name in `pkgs.hunspellDicts`._
-
-## Built-in emoji picker {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-emoji-picker}
-
-The `ibus-engines.typing-booster` package contains a program named `emoji-picker`. To display all emojis correctly, a special font such as `noto-fonts-emoji` is needed:
-
-On NixOS it can be installed using the following expression:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs, ... }: { fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts-emoji ]; }
-```

doc/builders/packages/index.xml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
-         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
-         xml:id="chap-packages">
- <title>Packages</title>
- <para>
-  This chapter contains information about how to use and maintain the Nix expressions for a number of specific packages, such as the Linux kernel or X.org.
- </para>
- <xi:include href="citrix.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="dlib.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="eclipse.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="elm.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="emacs.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="firefox.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="fish.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="fuse.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="ibus.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="kakoune.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="linux.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="locales.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="etc-files.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="nginx.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="opengl.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="shell-helpers.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="steam.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="cataclysm-dda.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="urxvt.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="weechat.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="xorg.section.xml" />
-</chapter>

doc/builders/packages/kakoune.section.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Kakoune {#sec-kakoune}
-
-Kakoune can be built to autoload plugins:
-
-```nix
-(kakoune.override {
-  plugins = with pkgs.kakounePlugins; [ parinfer-rust ];
-})
-```

doc/builders/packages/linux.section.md

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# Linux kernel {#sec-linux-kernel}
-
-The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in [`pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel).
-
-The function that builds the kernel has an argument `kernelPatches` which should be a list of `{name, patch, extraConfig}` attribute sets, where `name` is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernel’s `meta.description` attribute), `patch` is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and `extraConfig` (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (`.config`).
-
-The kernel derivation exports an attribute `features` specifying whether optional functionality is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the `iwlwifi` feature (i.e. has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the external `iwlwifi` package:
-
-```nix
-modulesTree = [kernel]
-  ++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
-  ++ ...;
-```
-
-How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
-
-1.  Copy the old Nix expression (e.g. `linux-2.6.21.nix`) to the new one (e.g. `linux-2.6.22.nix`) and update it.
-
-2.  Add the new kernel to the `kernels` attribute set in `linux-kernels.nix` (e.g., create an attribute `kernel_2_6_22`).
-
-3.  Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (`i686`, `x86_64`, `uml`) do the following:
-
-    1.  Make an copy from the old config (e.g. `config-2.6.21-i686-smp`) to the new one (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
-
-    2.  Copy the config file for this platform (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`) to `.config` in the kernel source tree.
-
-    3.  Run `make oldconfig ARCH={i386,x86_64,um}` and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add `SHELL=bash`.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t enable some feature on `i686` and disable it on `x86_64`).
-
-    4.  If needed you can also run `make menuconfig`:
-
-        ```ShellSession
-        $ nix-env -i ncurses
-        $ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
-        $ make menuconfig ARCH=arch
-        ```
-
-    5.  Copy `.config` over the new config file (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
-
-4.  Test building the kernel: `nix-build -A linuxKernel.kernels.kernel_2_6_22`. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
-
-5.  It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the `linuxPackagesFor` function in `linux-kernels.nix` (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.

doc/builders/packages/locales.section.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Locales {#locales}
-
-To allow simultaneous use of packages linked against different versions of `glibc` with different locale archive formats Nixpkgs patches `glibc` to rely on `LOCALE_ARCHIVE` environment variable.
-
-On non-NixOS distributions this variable is obviously not set. This can cause regressions in language support or even crashes in some Nixpkgs-provided programs. The simplest way to mitigate this problem is exporting the `LOCALE_ARCHIVE` variable pointing to `${glibcLocales}/lib/locale/locale-archive`. The drawback (and the reason this is not the default) is the relatively large (a hundred MiB) size of the full set of locales. It is possible to build a custom set of locales by overriding parameters `allLocales` and `locales` of the package.

doc/builders/packages/nginx.section.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Nginx {#sec-nginx}
-
-[Nginx](https://nginx.org) is a reverse proxy and lightweight webserver.
-
-## ETags on static files served from the Nix store {#sec-nginx-etag}
-
-HTTP has a couple different mechanisms for caching to prevent clients from having to download the same content repeatedly if a resource has not changed since the last time it was requested. When nginx is used as a server for static files, it implements the caching mechanism based on the [`Last-Modified`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Last-Modified) response header automatically; unfortunately, it works by using filesystem timestamps to determine the value of the `Last-Modified` header. This doesn't give the desired behavior when the file is in the Nix store, because all file timestamps are set to 0 (for reasons related to build reproducibility).
-
-Fortunately, HTTP supports an alternative (and more effective) caching mechanism: the [`ETag`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag) response header. The value of the `ETag` header specifies some identifier for the particular content that the server is sending (e.g. a hash). When a client makes a second request for the same resource, it sends that value back in an `If-None-Match` header. If the ETag value is unchanged, then the server does not need to resend the content.
-
-As of NixOS 19.09, the nginx package in Nixpkgs is patched such that when nginx serves a file out of `/nix/store`, the hash in the store path is used as the `ETag` header in the HTTP response, thus providing proper caching functionality. This happens automatically; you do not need to do modify any configuration to get this behavior.

doc/builders/packages/opengl.section.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# OpenGL {#sec-opengl}
-
-OpenGL support varies depending on which hardware is used and which drivers are available and loaded.
-
-Broadly, we support both GL vendors: Mesa and NVIDIA.
-
-## NixOS Desktop {#nixos-desktop}
-
-The NixOS desktop or other non-headless configurations are the primary target for OpenGL libraries and applications. The current solution for discovering which drivers are available is based on [libglvnd](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/glvnd/libglvnd). `libglvnd` performs "vendor-neutral dispatch", trying a variety of techniques to find the system's GL implementation. In practice, this will be either via standard GLX for X11 users or EGL for Wayland users, and supporting either NVIDIA or Mesa extensions.
-
-## Nix on GNU/Linux {#nix-on-gnulinux}
-
-If you are using a non-NixOS GNU/Linux/X11 desktop with free software video drivers, consider launching OpenGL-dependent programs from Nixpkgs with Nixpkgs versions of `libglvnd` and `mesa.drivers` in `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`. For Mesa drivers, the Linux kernel version doesn't have to match nixpkgs.
-
-For proprietary video drivers you might have luck with also adding the corresponding video driver package.

doc/builders/packages/shell-helpers.section.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Interactive shell helpers {#sec-shell-helpers}
-
-Some packages provide the shell integration to be more useful. But unlike other systems, nix doesn't have a standard `share` directory location. This is why a bunch `PACKAGE-share` scripts are shipped that print the location of the corresponding shared folder. Current list of such packages is as following:
-
-- `fzf` : `fzf-share`
-
-E.g. `fzf` can then used in the `.bashrc` like this:
-
-```bash
-source "$(fzf-share)/completion.bash"
-source "$(fzf-share)/key-bindings.bash"
-```

doc/builders/packages/steam.section.md

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-# Steam {#sec-steam}
-
-## Steam in Nix {#sec-steam-nix}
-
-Steam is distributed as a `.deb` file, for now only as an i686 package (the amd64 package only has documentation). When unpacked, it has a script called `steam` that in Ubuntu (their target distro) would go to `/usr/bin`. When run for the first time, this script copies some files to the user's home, which include another script that is the ultimate responsible for launching the steam binary, which is also in \$HOME.
-
-Nix problems and constraints:
-
-- We don't have `/bin/bash` and many scripts point there. Similarly for `/usr/bin/python`.
-- We don't have the dynamic loader in `/lib`.
-- The `steam.sh` script in \$HOME can not be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.
-- The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.
-
-The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible chroot environment, as documented [here](http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html). This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system, and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
-
-## How to play {#sec-steam-play}
-
-Use `programs.steam.enable = true;` if you want to add steam to systemPackages and also enable a few workarrounds aswell as Steam controller support or other Steam supported controllers such as the DualShock 4 or Nintendo Switch Pr.
-
-## Troubleshooting {#sec-steam-troub}
-
-- **Steam fails to start. What do I do?**
-
-  Try to run
-
-  ```ShellSession
-  strace steam
-  ```
-
-  to see what is causing steam to fail.
-
-- **Using the FOSS Radeon or nouveau (nvidia) drivers**
-
-  - The `newStdcpp` parameter was removed since NixOS 17.09 and should not be needed anymore.
-  - Steam ships statically linked with a version of libcrypto that conflics with the one dynamically loaded by radeonsi_dri.so. If you get the error
-
-    ```
-    steam.sh: line 713: 7842 Segmentation fault (core dumped)
-    ```
-
-    have a look at [this pull request](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/20269).
-
-- **Java**
-
-  1. There is no java in steam chrootenv by default. If you get a message like
-
-    ```
-    /home/foo/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/towns/towns.sh: line 1: java: command not found
-    ```
-
-    you need to add
-
-    ```nix
-    steam.override { withJava = true; };
-    ```
-
-## steam-run {#sec-steam-run}
-
-The FHS-compatible chroot used for Steam can also be used to run other Linux games that expect a FHS environment. To use it, install the `steam-run-native` package and run the game with
-
-```
-steam-run ./foo
-```

doc/builders/packages/unfree.xml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
-         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
-         xml:id="unfree-software">
- <title>Unfree software</title>
-
- <para>
-  All users of Nixpkgs are free software users, and many users (and developers) of Nixpkgs want to limit and tightly control their exposure to unfree software. At the same time, many users need (or want) to run some specific pieces of proprietary software. Nixpkgs includes some expressions for unfree software packages. By default unfree software cannot be installed and doesn’t show up in searches. To allow installing unfree software in a single Nix invocation one can export <literal>NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1</literal>. For a persistent solution, users can set <literal>allowUnfree</literal> in the Nixpkgs configuration.
- </para>
-
- <para>
-  Fine-grained control is possible by defining <literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal> function in config; it takes the <literal>mkDerivation</literal> parameter attrset and returns <literal>true</literal> for unfree packages that should be allowed.
- </para>
-</section>

doc/builders/packages/urxvt.section.md

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# Urxvt {#sec-urxvt}
-
-Urxvt, also known as rxvt-unicode, is a highly customizable terminal emulator.
-
-## Configuring urxvt {#sec-urxvt-conf}
-
-In `nixpkgs`, urxvt is provided by the package `rxvt-unicode`. It can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, use an overlay or directly install an expression that overrides its configuration, such as
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    plugins = with availablePlugins; [ perls resize-font vtwheel ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-If the `configure` function returns an attrset without the `plugins` attribute, `availablePlugins` will be used automatically.
-
-In order to add plugins but also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    plugins = (builtins.attrValues availablePlugins) ++ [ custom-plugin ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-To get a list of all the plugins available, open the Nix REPL and run
-
-```ShellSession
-$ nix repl
-:l <nixpkgs>
-map (p: p.name) pkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins
-```
-
-Alternatively, if your shell is bash or zsh and have completion enabled, simply type `nixpkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins.<tab>`.
-
-In addition to `plugins` the options `extraDeps` and `perlDeps` can be used to install extra packages. `extraDeps` can be used, for example, to provide `xsel` (a clipboard manager) to the clipboard plugin, without installing it globally:
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    pluginsDeps = [ xsel ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-`perlDeps` is a handy way to provide Perl packages to your custom plugins (in `$HOME/.urxvt/ext`). For example, if you need `AnyEvent` you can do:
-
-```nix
-rxvt-unicode.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    perlDeps = with perlPackages; [ AnyEvent ];
-  };
-}
-```
-
-## Packaging urxvt plugins {#sec-urxvt-pkg}
-
-Urxvt plugins resides in `pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins`. To add a new plugin create an expression in a subdirectory and add the package to the set in `pkgs/applications/misc/rxvt-unicode-plugins/default.nix`.
-
-A plugin can be any kind of derivation, the only requirement is that it should always install perl scripts in `$out/lib/urxvt/perl`. Look for existing plugins for examples.
-
-If the plugin is itself a perl package that needs to be imported from other plugins or scripts, add the following passthrough:
-
-```nix
-passthru.perlPackages = [ "self" ];
-```
-
-This will make the urxvt wrapper pick up the dependency and set up the perl path accordingly.

doc/builders/packages/weechat.section.md

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# Weechat {#sec-weechat}
-
-Weechat can be configured to include your choice of plugins, reducing its closure size from the default configuration which includes all available plugins. To make use of this functionality, install an expression that overrides its configuration such as
-
-```nix
-weechat.override {configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
-    plugins = with availablePlugins; [ python perl ];
-  }
-}
-```
-
-If the `configure` function returns an attrset without the `plugins` attribute, `availablePlugins` will be used automatically.
-
-The plugins currently available are `python`, `perl`, `ruby`, `guile`, `tcl` and `lua`.
-
-The python and perl plugins allows the addition of extra libraries. For instance, the `inotify.py` script in `weechat-scripts` requires D-Bus or libnotify, and the `fish.py` script requires `pycrypto`. To use these scripts, use the plugin's `withPackages` attribute:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override { configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
-    plugins = with availablePlugins; [
-            (python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]))
-        ];
-    };
-}
-```
-
-In order to also keep all default plugins installed, it is possible to use the following method:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override { configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-  plugins = builtins.attrValues (availablePlugins // {
-    python = availablePlugins.python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]);
-  });
-}; }
-```
-
-WeeChat allows to set defaults on startup using the `--run-command`. The `configure` method can be used to pass commands to the program:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    init = ''
-      /set foo bar
-      /server add libera irc.libera.chat
-    '';
-  };
-}
-```
-
-Further values can be added to the list of commands when running `weechat --run-command "your-commands"`.
-
-Additionally it's possible to specify scripts to be loaded when starting `weechat`. These will be loaded before the commands from `init`:
-
-```nix
-weechat.override {
-  configure = { availablePlugins, ... }: {
-    scripts = with pkgs.weechatScripts; [
-      weechat-xmpp weechat-matrix-bridge wee-slack
-    ];
-    init = ''
-      /set plugins.var.python.jabber.key "val"
-    '':
-  };
-}
-```
-
-In `nixpkgs` there's a subpackage which contains derivations for WeeChat scripts. Such derivations expect a `passthru.scripts` attribute which contains a list of all scripts inside the store path. Furthermore all scripts have to live in `$out/share`. An exemplary derivation looks like this:
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "exemplary-weechat-script";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://scripts.tld/your-scripts.tar.gz";
-    sha256 = "...";
-  };
-  passthru.scripts = [ "foo.py" "bar.lua" ];
-  installPhase = ''
-    mkdir $out/share
-    cp foo.py $out/share
-    cp bar.lua $out/share
-  '';
-}
-```

doc/builders/packages/xorg.section.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# X.org {#sec-xorg}
-
-The Nix expressions for the X.org packages reside in `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/default.nix`. This file is automatically generated from lists of tarballs in an X.org release. As such it should not be modified directly; rather, you should modify the lists, the generator script or the file `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix`, in which you can override or add to the derivations produced by the generator.
-
-## Katamari Tarballs {#katamari-tarballs}
-
-X.org upstream releases used to include [katamari](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A) releases, which included a holistic recommended version for each tarball, up until 7.7. To create a list of tarballs in a katamari release:
-
-```ShellSession
-export release="X11R7.7"
-export url="mirror://xorg/$release/src/everything/"
-cat $(PRINT_PATH=1 nix-prefetch-url $url | tail -n 1) \
-  | perl -e 'while (<>) { if (/(href|HREF)="([^"]*.bz2)"/) { print "$ENV{'url'}$2\n"; }; }' \
-  | sort > "tarballs-$release.list"
-```
-
-## Individual Tarballs {#individual-tarballs}
-
-The upstream release process for [X11R7.8](https://x.org/wiki/Releases/7.8/) does not include a planned katamari. Instead, each component of X.org is released as its own tarball. We maintain `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/tarballs.list` as a list of tarballs for each individual package. This list includes X.org core libraries and protocol descriptions, extra newer X11 interface libraries, like `xorg.libxcb`, and classic utilities which are largely unused but still available if needed, like `xorg.imake`.
-
-## Generating Nix Expressions {#generating-nix-expressions}
-
-The generator is invoked as follows:
-
-```ShellSession
-cd pkgs/servers/x11/xorg
-<tarballs.list perl ./generate-expr-from-tarballs.pl
-```
-
-For each of the tarballs in the `.list` files, the script downloads it, unpacks it, and searches its `configure.ac` and `*.pc.in` files for dependencies. This information is used to generate `default.nix`. The generator caches downloaded tarballs between runs. Pay close attention to the `NOT FOUND: $NAME` messages at the end of the run, since they may indicate missing dependencies. (Some might be optional dependencies, however.)
-
-## Overriding the Generator {#overriding-the-generator}
-
-If the expression for a package requires derivation attributes that the generator cannot figure out automatically (say, `patches` or a `postInstall` hook), you should modify `pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix`.

doc/builders/special.xml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
-         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
-         xml:id="chap-special">
- <title>Special builders</title>
- <para>
-  This chapter describes several special builders.
- </para>
- <xi:include href="special/fhs-environments.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="special/mkshell.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="special/invalidateFetcherByDrvHash.section.xml" />
-</chapter>

doc/builders/special/fhs-environments.section.md

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# buildFHSUserEnv {#sec-fhs-environments}
-
-`buildFHSUserEnv` provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root with bound `/nix/store`, so its footprint in terms of disk space needed is quite small. This allows one to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS -- 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries. It uses Linux namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without root user rights requirement. Accepted arguments are:
-
-- `name`
-        Environment name.
-- `targetPkgs`
-        Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
-- `multiPkgs`
-        Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
-- `extraBuildCommands`
-        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
-- `extraBuildCommandsMulti`
-        Like `extraBuildCommands`, but executed only on multilib architectures.
-- `extraOutputsToInstall`
-        Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
-- `extraInstallCommands`
-        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
-- `runScript`
-        A command that would be executed inside the sandbox and passed all the command line arguments. It defaults to `bash`.
-- `profile`
-        Optional script for `/etc/profile` within the sandbox.
-
-One can create a simple environment using a `shell.nix` like that:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-
-(pkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
-  name = "simple-x11-env";
-  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
-    [ udev
-      alsa-lib
-    ]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg;
-    [ libX11
-      libXcursor
-      libXrandr
-    ]);
-  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
-    [ udev
-      alsa-lib
-    ]);
-  runScript = "bash";
-}).env
-```
-
-Running `nix-shell` would then drop you into a shell with these libraries and binaries available. You can use this to run closed-source applications which expect FHS structure without hassles: simply change `runScript` to the application path, e.g. `./bin/start.sh` -- relative paths are supported.

doc/builders/special/invalidateFetcherByDrvHash.section.md

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-
-## `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` {#sec-pkgs-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash}
-
-Use the derivation hash to invalidate the output via name, for testing.
-
-Type: `(a@{ name, ... } -> Derivation) -> a -> Derivation`
-
-Normally, fixed output derivations can and should be cached by their output
-hash only, but for testing we want to re-fetch everytime the fetcher changes.
-
-Changes to the fetcher become apparent in the drvPath, which is a hash of
-how to fetch, rather than a fixed store path.
-By inserting this hash into the name, we can make sure to re-run the fetcher
-every time the fetcher changes.
-
-This relies on the assumption that Nix isn't clever enough to reuse its
-database of local store contents to optimize fetching.
-
-You might notice that the "salted" name derives from the normal invocation,
-not the final derivation. `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` has to invoke the fetcher
-function twice: once to get a derivation hash, and again to produce the final
-fixed output derivation.
-
-Example:
-
-    tests.fetchgit = invalidateFetcherByDrvHash fetchgit {
-      name = "nix-source";
-      url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix";
-      rev = "9d9dbe6ed05854e03811c361a3380e09183f4f4a";
-      sha256 = "sha256-7DszvbCNTjpzGRmpIVAWXk20P0/XTrWZ79KSOGLrUWY=";
-    };

doc/builders/special/mkshell.section.md

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.mkShell {#sec-pkgs-mkShell}
-
-`pkgs.mkShell` is a special kind of derivation that is only useful when using
-it combined with `nix-shell`. It will in fact fail to instantiate when invoked
-with `nix-build`.
-
-## Usage {#sec-pkgs-mkShell-usage}
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-pkgs.mkShell {
-  # specify which packages to add to the shell environment
-  packages = [ pkgs.gnumake ];
-  # add all the dependencies, of the given packages, to the shell environment
-  inputsFrom = with pkgs; [ hello gnutar ];
-}
-```

doc/builders/trivial-builders.chapter.md

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-# Trivial builders {#chap-trivial-builders}
-
-Nixpkgs provides a couple of functions that help with building derivations. The most important one, `stdenv.mkDerivation`, has already been documented above. The following functions wrap `stdenv.mkDerivation`, making it easier to use in certain cases.
-
-## `runCommand` {#trivial-builder-runCommand}
-
-This takes three arguments, `name`, `env`, and `buildCommand`. `name` is just the name that Nix will append to the store path in the same way that `stdenv.mkDerivation` uses its `name` attribute. `env` is an attribute set specifying environment variables that will be set for this derivation. These attributes are then passed to the wrapped `stdenv.mkDerivation`. `buildCommand` specifies the commands that will be run to create this derivation. Note that you will need to create `$out` for Nix to register the command as successful.
-
-An example of using `runCommand` is provided below.
-
-```nix
-(import <nixpkgs> {}).runCommand "my-example" {} ''
-  echo My example command is running
-
-  mkdir $out
-
-  echo I can write data to the Nix store > $out/message
-
-  echo I can also run basic commands like:
-
-  echo ls
-  ls
-
-  echo whoami
-  whoami
-
-  echo date
-  date
-''
-```
-
-## `runCommandCC` {#trivial-builder-runCommandCC}
-
-This works just like `runCommand`. The only difference is that it also provides a C compiler in `buildCommand`'s environment. To minimize your dependencies, you should only use this if you are sure you will need a C compiler as part of running your command.
-
-## `runCommandLocal` {#trivial-builder-runCommandLocal}
-
-Variant of `runCommand` that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is not substituted. This is intended for very cheap commands (<1s execution time). It saves on the network roundrip and can speed up a build.
-
-::: {.note}
-This sets [`allowSubstitutes` to `false`](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes), so only use `runCommandLocal` if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the `system` of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g. just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks), because there the `system` is usually the same as `builtins.currentSystem`.
-:::
-
-## `writeTextFile`, `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
-
-These functions write `text` to the Nix store. This is useful for creating scripts from Nix expressions. `writeTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `text`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `text` will be the contents of the file. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
-
-Many more commands wrap `writeTextFile` including `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, and `writeScriptBin`. These are convenience functions over `writeTextFile`.
-
-## `writeShellApplication` {#trivial-builder-writeShellApplication}
-
-This can be used to easily produce a shell script that has some dependencies (`runtimeInputs`). It automatically sets the `PATH` of the script to contain all of the listed inputs, sets some sanity shellopts (`errexit`, `nounset`, `pipefail`), and checks the resulting script with [`shellcheck`](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck).
-
-For example, look at the following code:
-
-```nix
-writeShellApplication {
-  name = "show-nixos-org";
-
-  runtimeInputs = [ curl w3m ];
-
-  text = ''
-    curl -s 'https://nixos.org' | w3m -dump -T text/html
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-Unlike with normal `writeShellScriptBin`, there is no need to manually write out `${curl}/bin/curl`, setting the PATH
-was handled by `writeShellApplication`. Moreover, the script is being checked with `shellcheck` for more strict
-validation.
-
-## `symlinkJoin` {#trivial-builder-symlinkJoin}
-
-This can be used to put many derivations into the same directory structure. It works by creating a new derivation and adding symlinks to each of the paths listed. It expects two arguments, `name`, and `paths`. `name` is the name used in the Nix store path for the created derivation. `paths` is a list of paths that will be symlinked. These paths can be to Nix store derivations or any other subdirectory contained within.
-
-## `writeReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeReferencesToFile}
-
-Writes the closure of transitive dependencies to a file.
-
-This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --requisites`.
-
-For example,
-
-```nix
-writeReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
-```
-
-produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-deps` containing
-
-```nix
-/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
-/nix/store/<hash>-hi
-/nix/store/<hash>-libidn2-2.3.0
-/nix/store/<hash>-libunistring-0.9.10
-/nix/store/<hash>-glibc-2.32-40
-```
-
-You can see that this includes `hi`, the original input path,
-`hello`, which is a direct reference, but also
-the other paths that are indirectly required to run `hello`.
-
-## `writeDirectReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeDirectReferencesToFile}
-
-Writes the set of references to the output file, that is, their immediate dependencies.
-
-This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --references`.
-
-For example,
-
-```nix
-writeDirectReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
-```
-
-produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-references` containing
-
-```nix
-/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
-```
-
-but none of `hello`'s dependencies, because those are not referenced directly
-by `hi`'s output.

doc/coding-conventions.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-conventions">
+ <title>Coding conventions</title>
+ <section xml:id="sec-syntax">
+  <title>Syntax</title>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use <literal>(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)</literal> in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so it’s asking for trouble.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Use <literal>lowerCamelCase</literal> for variable names, not <literal>UpperCamelCase</literal>. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in <xref linkend="sec-package-naming"/>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
+<programlisting>
+foo {
+  arg = ...;
+}
+</programlisting>
+     not
+<programlisting>
+foo
+{
+  arg = ...;
+}
+</programlisting>
+     Also fine is
+<programlisting>
+foo { arg = ...; }
+</programlisting>
+     if it's a short call.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
+<programlisting>
+# A long list.
+list = [
+  elem1
+  elem2
+  elem3
+];
+
+# A long attribute set.
+attrs = {
+  attr1 = short_expr;
+  attr2 =
+    if true then big_expr else big_expr;
+};
+
+# Combined
+listOfAttrs = [
+  {
+    attr1 = 3;
+    attr2 = "fff";
+  }
+  {
+    attr1 = 5;
+    attr2 = "ggg";
+  }
+];
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
+<programlisting>
+# A short list.
+list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
+
+# A short set.
+attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
+<programlisting>
+someFunction { x = 1280;
+  y = 1024; } otherArg
+  yetAnotherArg
+</programlisting>
+     (especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Better:
+<programlisting>
+someFunction
+  { x = 1280; y = 1024; }
+  otherArg
+  yetAnotherArg
+</programlisting>
+     or
+<programlisting>
+let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
+in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2 }:
+assert system == "i686-linux";
+stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
+</programlisting>
+     not
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2 }:
+  assert system == "i686-linux";
+    stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Function formal arguments are written as:
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
+</programlisting>
+     but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
+<programlisting>
+{ arg1, arg2, arg3
+, arg4, ...
+, # Some comment...
+  argN
+}:
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
+<programlisting>
+{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+     instead of
+<programlisting>
+args: with args; <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+     or
+<programlisting>
+{ stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around <varname>mkDerivation</varname>) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an <literal>@</literal>-pattern:
+<programlisting>
+{ stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
+  <replaceable>...</replaceable> if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+})
+</programlisting>
+     instead of
+<programlisting>
+args:
+
+args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
+  <replaceable>...</replaceable> if args ? doCoverageAnalysis &amp;&amp; args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" <replaceable>...</replaceable>
+})
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-package-naming">
+  <title>Package naming</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The key words <emphasis>must</emphasis>, <emphasis>must not</emphasis>, <emphasis>required</emphasis>, <emphasis>shall</emphasis>, <emphasis>shall not</emphasis>, <emphasis>should</emphasis>, <emphasis>should not</emphasis>, <emphasis>recommended</emphasis>, <emphasis>may</emphasis>, and <emphasis>optional</emphasis> in this section are to be interpreted as described in <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</link>. Only <emphasis>emphasized</emphasis> words are to be interpreted in this way.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In Nixpkgs, there are generally three different names associated with a package:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <varname>name</varname> attribute of the derivation (excluding the version part). This is what most users see, in particular when using <command>nix-env</command>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The variable name used for the instantiated package in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, and when passing it as a dependency to other functions. Typically this is called the <emphasis>package attribute name</emphasis>. This is what Nix expression authors see. It can also be used when installing using <command>nix-env -iA</command>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The filename for (the directory containing) the Nix expression.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+   Most of the time, these are the same. For instance, the package <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> has a <varname>name</varname> attribute <literal>"e2fsprogs-<replaceable>version</replaceable>"</literal>, is bound to the variable name <varname>e2fsprogs</varname> in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, and the Nix expression is in <filename>pkgs/os-specific/linux/e2fsprogs/default.nix</filename>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   There are a few naming guidelines:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <literal>name</literal> attribute <emphasis>should</emphasis> be identical to the upstream package name.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The <literal>name</literal> attribute <emphasis>must not</emphasis> contain uppercase letters — e.g., <literal>"mplayer-1.0rc2"</literal> instead of <literal>"MPlayer-1.0rc2"</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The version part of the <literal>name</literal> attribute <emphasis>must</emphasis> start with a digit (following a dash) — e.g., <literal>"hello-0.3.1rc2"</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If a package is not a release but a commit from a repository, then the version part of the name <emphasis>must</emphasis> be the date of that (fetched) commit. The date <emphasis>must</emphasis> be in <literal>"YYYY-MM-DD"</literal> format. Also append <literal>"unstable"</literal> to the name - e.g., <literal>"pkgname-unstable-2014-09-23"</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Dashes in the package name <emphasis>should</emphasis> be preserved in new variable names, rather than converted to underscores or camel cased — e.g., <varname>http-parser</varname> instead of <varname>http_parser</varname> or <varname>httpParser</varname>. The hyphenated style is preferred in all three package names.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If there are multiple versions of a package, this <emphasis>should</emphasis> be reflected in the variable names in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, e.g. <varname>json-c-0-9</varname> and <varname>json-c-0-11</varname>. If there is an obvious “default” version, make an attribute like <literal>json-c = json-c-0-9;</literal>. See also <xref linkend="sec-versioning" />
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-organisation">
+  <title>File naming and organisation</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>, not <filename>allPackages.nix</filename> or <filename>AllPackages.nix</filename>.
+  </para>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-hierarchy">
+   <title>Hierarchy</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Each package should be stored in its own directory somewhere in the <filename>pkgs/</filename> tree, i.e. in <filename>pkgs/<replaceable>category</replaceable>/<replaceable>subcategory</replaceable>/<replaceable>...</replaceable>/<replaceable>pkgname</replaceable></filename>. Below are some rules for picking the right category for a package. Many packages fall under several categories; what matters is the <emphasis>primary</emphasis> purpose of a package. For example, the <literal>libxml2</literal> package builds both a library and some tools; but it’s a library foremost, so it goes under <filename>pkgs/development/libraries</filename>.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    When in doubt, consider refactoring the <filename>pkgs/</filename> tree, e.g. creating new categories or splitting up an existing category.
+   </para>
+
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s used to support <emphasis>software development</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>library</emphasis> used by other packages:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/libraries</filename> (e.g. <filename>libxml2</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>compiler</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/compilers</filename> (e.g. <filename>gcc</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an <emphasis>interpreter</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/interpreters</filename> (e.g. <filename>guile</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a (set of) development <emphasis>tool(s)</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <variablelist>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>parser generator</emphasis> (including lexers):
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>development/tools/parsing</filename> (e.g. <filename>bison</filename>, <filename>flex</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>build manager</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>development/tools/build-managers</filename> (e.g. <filename>gnumake</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            Else:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>development/tools/misc</filename> (e.g. <filename>binutils</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+         </variablelist>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>development/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a (set of) <emphasis>tool(s)</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       (A tool is a relatively small program, especially one intended to be used non-interactively.)
+      </para>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>networking</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/networking</filename> (e.g. <filename>wget</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>text processing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/text</filename> (e.g. <filename>diffutils</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>system utility</emphasis>, i.e., something related or essential to the operation of a system:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/system</filename> (e.g. <filename>cron</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an <emphasis>archiver</emphasis> (which may include a compression function):
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/archivers</filename> (e.g. <filename>zip</filename>, <filename>tar</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>compression</emphasis> program:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/compression</filename> (e.g. <filename>gzip</filename>, <filename>bzip2</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>security</emphasis>-related program:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/security</filename> (e.g. <filename>nmap</filename>, <filename>gnupg</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>tools/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>shell</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>shells</filename> (e.g. <filename>bash</filename>)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>server</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a web server:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>servers/http</filename> (e.g. <filename>apache-httpd</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s an implementation of the X Windowing System:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>servers/x11</filename> (e.g. <filename>xorg</filename> — this includes the client libraries and programs)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>servers/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>desktop environment</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>desktops</filename> (e.g. <filename>kde</filename>, <filename>gnome</filename>, <filename>enlightenment</filename>)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>window manager</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>applications/window-managers</filename> (e.g. <filename>awesome</filename>, <filename>stumpwm</filename>)
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s an <emphasis>application</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       A (typically large) program with a distinct user interface, primarily used interactively.
+      </para>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>version management system</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/version-management</filename> (e.g. <filename>subversion</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>video playback / editing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/video</filename> (e.g. <filename>vlc</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>graphics viewing / editing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/graphics</filename> (e.g. <filename>gimp</filename>)
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s for <emphasis>networking</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <variablelist>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>mailreader</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/mailreaders</filename> (e.g. <filename>thunderbird</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>newsreader</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/newsreaders</filename> (e.g. <filename>pan</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s a <emphasis>web browser</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/browsers</filename> (e.g. <filename>firefox</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            Else:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>applications/networking/misc</filename>
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+         </variablelist>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         Else:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>applications/misc</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s <emphasis>data</emphasis> (i.e., does not have a straight-forward executable semantics):
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <variablelist>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s a <emphasis>font</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          <filename>data/fonts</filename>
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+       <varlistentry>
+        <term>
+         If it’s related to <emphasis>SGML/XML processing</emphasis>:
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+         <variablelist>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s an <emphasis>XML DTD</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             <filename>data/sgml+xml/schemas/xml-dtd</filename> (e.g. <filename>docbook</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+          <varlistentry>
+           <term>
+            If it’s an <emphasis>XSLT stylesheet</emphasis>:
+           </term>
+           <listitem>
+            <para>
+             (Okay, these are executable...)
+            </para>
+            <para>
+             <filename>data/sgml+xml/stylesheets/xslt</filename> (e.g. <filename>docbook-xsl</filename>)
+            </para>
+           </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+         </variablelist>
+        </listitem>
+       </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      If it’s a <emphasis>game</emphasis>:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>games</filename>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      Else:
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <filename>misc</filename>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-versioning">
+   <title>Versioning</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Because every version of a package in Nixpkgs creates a potential maintenance burden, old versions of a package should not be kept unless there is a good reason to do so. For instance, Nixpkgs contains several versions of GCC because other packages don’t build with the latest version of GCC. Other examples are having both the latest stable and latest pre-release version of a package, or to keep several major releases of an application that differ significantly in functionality.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    If there is only one version of a package, its Nix expression should be named <filename>e2fsprogs/default.nix</filename>. If there are multiple versions, this should be reflected in the filename, e.g. <filename>e2fsprogs/1.41.8.nix</filename> and <filename>e2fsprogs/1.41.9.nix</filename>. The version in the filename should leave out unnecessary detail. For instance, if we keep the latest Firefox 2.0.x and 3.5.x versions in Nixpkgs, they should be named <filename>firefox/2.0.nix</filename> and <filename>firefox/3.5.nix</filename>, respectively (which, at a given point, might contain versions <literal>2.0.0.20</literal> and <literal>3.5.4</literal>). If a version requires many auxiliary files, you can use a subdirectory for each version, e.g. <filename>firefox/2.0/default.nix</filename> and <filename>firefox/3.5/default.nix</filename>.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    All versions of a package <emphasis>must</emphasis> be included in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename> to make sure that they evaluate correctly.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-sources">
+  <title>Fetching Sources</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are multiple ways to fetch a package source in nixpkgs. The general guideline is that you should package reproducible sources with a high degree of availability. Right now there is only one fetcher which has mirroring support and that is <literal>fetchurl</literal>. Note that you should also prefer protocols which have a corresponding proxy environment variable.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   You can find many source fetch helpers in <literal>pkgs/build-support/fetch*</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In the file <literal>pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix</literal> you can find fetch helpers, these have names on the form <literal>fetchFrom*</literal>. The intention of these are to provide snapshot fetches but using the same api as some of the version controlled fetchers from <literal>pkgs/build-support/</literal>. As an example going from bad to good:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Bad: Uses <literal>git://</literal> which won't be proxied.
+<programlisting>
+src = fetchgit {
+  url = "git://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
+  rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+  sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
+}
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Better: This is ok, but an archive fetch will still be faster.
+<programlisting>
+src = fetchgit {
+  url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
+  rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+  sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
+}
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Best: Fetches a snapshot archive and you get the rev you want.
+<programlisting>
+src = fetchFromGitHub {
+  owner = "NixOS";
+  repo = "nix";
+  rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+  sha256 = "1i2yxndxb6yc9l6c99pypbd92lfq5aac4klq7y2v93c9qvx2cgpc";
+}
+</programlisting>
+      Find the value to put as <literal>sha256</literal> by running <literal>nix run -f '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' nix-prefetch-github -c nix-prefetch-github --rev 1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae NixOS nix</literal> or <literal>nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/NixOS/nix/archive/1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae.tar.gz</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-source-hashes">
+  <title>Obtaining source hash</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Preferred source hash type is sha256. There are several ways to get it.
+  </para>
+
+  <orderedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Prefetch URL (with <literal>nix-prefetch-<replaceable>XXX</replaceable> <replaceable>URL</replaceable></literal>, where <replaceable>XXX</replaceable> is one of <literal>url</literal>, <literal>git</literal>, <literal>hg</literal>, <literal>cvs</literal>, <literal>bzr</literal>, <literal>svn</literal>). Hash is printed to stdout.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Prefetch by package source (with <literal>nix-prefetch-url '&lt;nixpkgs&gt;' -A <replaceable>PACKAGE</replaceable>.src</literal>, where <replaceable>PACKAGE</replaceable> is package attribute name). Hash is printed to stdout.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This works well when you've upgraded existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if package can't be accessed by attribute or package has multiple sources (<literal>.srcs</literal>, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Upstream provided hash: use it when upstream provides <literal>sha256</literal> or <literal>sha512</literal> (when upstream provides <literal>md5</literal>, don't use it, compute <literal>sha256</literal> instead).
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     A little nuance is that <literal>nix-prefetch-*</literal> tools produce hash encoded with <literal>base32</literal>, but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (<literal>base16</literal>) encoding. Fetchers understand both formats. Nixpkgs does not standardize on any one format.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     You can convert between formats with nix-hash, for example:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-hash --type sha256 --to-base32 <replaceable>HASH</replaceable>
+</screen>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Extracting hash from local source tarball can be done with <literal>sha256sum</literal>. Use <literal>nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/tarball </literal> if you want base32 hash.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Fake hash: set fake hash in package expression, perform build and extract correct hash from error Nix prints.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     For package updates it is enough to change one symbol to make hash fake. For new packages, you can use <literal>lib.fakeSha256</literal>, <literal>lib.fakeSha512</literal> or any other fake hash.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This is last resort method when reconstructing source URL is non-trivial and <literal>nix-prefetch-url -A</literal> isn't applicable (for example, <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d2ab091dd308b99e4912b805a5eb088dd536adb9/pkgs/applications/video/kodi/default.nix#L73"> one of <literal>kodi</literal> dependencies</link>). The easiest way then would be replace hash with a fake one and rebuild. Nix build will fail and error message will contain desired hash.
+    </para>
+    <warning>
+     <para>
+      This method has security problems. Check below for details.
+     </para>
+    </warning>
+   </listitem>
+  </orderedlist>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-source-hashes-security">
+   <title>Obtaining hashes securely</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Let's say Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) sits close to your network. Then instead of fetching source you can fetch malware, and instead of source hash you get hash of malware. Here are security considerations for this scenario:
+   </para>
+
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <literal>http://</literal> URLs are not secure to prefetch hash from;
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      hashes from upstream (in method 3) should be obtained via secure protocol;
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <literal>https://</literal> URLs are secure in methods 1, 2, 3;
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      <literal>https://</literal> URLs are not secure in method 5. When obtaining hashes with fake hash method, TLS checks are disabled. So refetch source hash from several different networks to exclude MITM scenario. Alternatively, use fake hash method to make Nix error, but instead of extracting hash from error, extract <literal>https://</literal> URL and prefetch it with method 1.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-patches">
+  <title>Patches</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Patches available online should be retrieved using <literal>fetchpatch</literal>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+<programlisting>
+patches = [
+  (fetchpatch {
+    name = "fix-check-for-using-shared-freetype-lib.patch";
+    url = "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=patch;h=8f5d285";
+    sha256 = "1f0k043rng7f0rfl9hhb89qzvvksqmkrikmm38p61yfx51l325xr";
+  })
+];
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Otherwise, you can add a <literal>.patch</literal> file to the <literal>nixpkgs</literal> repository. In the interest of keeping our maintenance burden to a minimum, only patches that are unique to <literal>nixpkgs</literal> should be added in this way.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+<programlisting>
+patches = [ ./0001-changes.patch ];
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If you do need to do create this sort of patch file, one way to do so is with git:
+   <orderedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Move to the root directory of the source code you're patching.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd the/program/source</screen>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If a git repository is not already present, create one and stage all of the source files.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git init
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git add .</screen>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Edit some files to make whatever changes need to be included in the patch.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Use git to create a diff, and pipe the output to a patch file:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>git diff > nixpkgs/pkgs/the/package/0001-changes.patch</screen>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </orderedlist>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>

doc/configuration.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-packageconfig">
+ <title>Global configuration</title>
+ <para>
+  Nix comes with certain defaults about what packages can and cannot be installed, based on a package's metadata. By default, Nix will prevent installation if any of the following criteria are true:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+  <listitem>
+   <para>
+    The package is thought to be broken, and has had its <literal>meta.broken</literal> set to <literal>true</literal>.
+   </para>
+  </listitem>
+  <listitem>
+   <para>
+    The package isn't intended to run on the given system, as none of its <literal>meta.platforms</literal> match the given system.
+   </para>
+  </listitem>
+  <listitem>
+   <para>
+    The package's <literal>meta.license</literal> is set to a license which is considered to be unfree.
+   </para>
+  </listitem>
+  <listitem>
+   <para>
+    The package has known security vulnerabilities but has not or can not be updated for some reason, and a list of issues has been entered in to the package's <literal>meta.knownVulnerabilities</literal>.
+   </para>
+  </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+  Note that all this is checked during evaluation already, and the check includes any package that is evaluated. In particular, all build-time dependencies are checked. <literal>nix-env -qa</literal> will (attempt to) hide any packages that would be refused.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  Each of these criteria can be altered in the nixpkgs configuration.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  The nixpkgs configuration for a NixOS system is set in the <literal>configuration.nix</literal>, as in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  nixpkgs.config = {
+    allowUnfree = true;
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+  However, this does not allow unfree software for individual users. Their configurations are managed separately.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  A user's of nixpkgs configuration is stored in a user-specific configuration file located at <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>. For example:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  allowUnfree = true;
+}
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  Note that we are not able to test or build unfree software on Hydra due to policy. Most unfree licenses prohibit us from either executing or distributing the software.
+ </para>
+ <section xml:id="sec-allow-broken">
+  <title>Installing broken packages</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are two ways to try compiling a package which has been marked as broken.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     For allowing the build of a broken package once, you can use an environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
+<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_BROKEN=1</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     For permanently allowing broken packages to be built, you may add <literal>allowBroken = true;</literal> to your user's configuration file, like this:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  allowBroken = true;
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-allow-unsupported-system">
+  <title>Installing packages on unsupported systems</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are also two ways to try compiling a package which has been marked as unsuported for the given system.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     For allowing the build of a broken package once, you can use an environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
+<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED_SYSTEM=1</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     For permanently allowing broken packages to be built, you may add <literal>allowUnsupportedSystem = true;</literal> to your user's configuration file, like this:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  allowUnsupportedSystem = true;
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   The difference between a package being unsupported on some system and being broken is admittedly a bit fuzzy. If a program <emphasis>ought</emphasis> to work on a certain platform, but doesn't, the platform should be included in <literal>meta.platforms</literal>, but marked as broken with e.g. <literal>meta.broken = !hostPlatform.isWindows</literal>. Of course, this begs the question of what "ought" means exactly. That is left to the package maintainer.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-allow-unfree">
+  <title>Installing unfree packages</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are several ways to tweak how Nix handles a package which has been marked as unfree.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     To temporarily allow all unfree packages, you can use an environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
+<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     It is possible to permanently allow individual unfree packages, while still blocking unfree packages by default using the <literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal> configuration option in the user configuration file.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     This option is a function which accepts a package as a parameter, and returns a boolean. The following example configuration accepts a package and always returns false:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  allowUnfreePredicate = (pkg: false);
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     For a more useful example, try the following. This configuration only allows unfree packages named flash player and visual studio code:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  allowUnfreePredicate = (pkg: builtins.elem
+    (builtins.parseDrvName pkg.name).name [
+      "flashplayer"
+      "vscode"
+    ]);
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     It is also possible to whitelist and blacklist licenses that are specifically acceptable or not acceptable, using <literal>whitelistedLicenses</literal> and <literal>blacklistedLicenses</literal>, respectively.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The following example configuration whitelists the licenses <literal>amd</literal> and <literal>wtfpl</literal>:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  whitelistedLicenses = with stdenv.lib.licenses; [ amd wtfpl ];
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The following example configuration blacklists the <literal>gpl3</literal> and <literal>agpl3</literal> licenses:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  blacklistedLicenses = with stdenv.lib.licenses; [ agpl3 gpl3 ];
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   A complete list of licenses can be found in the file <filename>lib/licenses.nix</filename> of the nixpkgs tree.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-allow-insecure">
+  <title>Installing insecure packages</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are several ways to tweak how Nix handles a package which has been marked as insecure.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     To temporarily allow all insecure packages, you can use an environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
+<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_INSECURE=1</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     It is possible to permanently allow individual insecure packages, while still blocking other insecure packages by default using the <literal>permittedInsecurePackages</literal> configuration option in the user configuration file.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The following example configuration permits the installation of the hypothetically insecure package <literal>hello</literal>, version <literal>1.2.3</literal>:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  permittedInsecurePackages = [
+    "hello-1.2.3"
+  ];
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     It is also possible to create a custom policy around which insecure packages to allow and deny, by overriding the <literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> configuration option.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The <literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> option is a function which accepts a package and returns a boolean, much like <literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     The following configuration example only allows insecure packages with very short names:
+<programlisting>
+{
+  allowInsecurePredicate = (pkg: (builtins.stringLength (builtins.parseDrvName pkg.name).name) &lt;= 5);
+}
+</programlisting>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Note that <literal>permittedInsecurePackages</literal> is only checked if <literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> is not specified.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+<!--============================================================-->
+ <section xml:id="sec-modify-via-packageOverrides">
+  <title>Modify packages via <literal>packageOverrides</literal></title>
+
+  <para>
+   You can define a function called <varname>packageOverrides</varname> in your local <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename> to override Nix packages. It must be a function that takes pkgs as an argument and returns a modified set of packages.
+<programlisting>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: rec {
+    foo = pkgs.foo.override { ... };
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+ <section xml:id="sec-declarative-package-management">
+  <title>Declarative Package Management</title>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-building-environment">
+   <title>Build an environment</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Using <literal>packageOverrides</literal>, it is possible to manage packages declaratively. This means that we can list all of our desired packages within a declarative Nix expression. For example, to have <literal>aspell</literal>, <literal>bc</literal>, <literal>ffmpeg</literal>, <literal>coreutils</literal>, <literal>gdb</literal>, <literal>nixUnstable</literal>, <literal>emscripten</literal>, <literal>jq</literal>, <literal>nox</literal>, and <literal>silver-searcher</literal>, we could use the following in <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>:
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
+    myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
+      name = "my-packages";
+      paths = [
+        aspell
+        bc
+        coreutils
+        gdb
+        ffmpeg
+        nixUnstable
+        emscripten
+        jq
+        nox
+        silver-searcher
+      ];
+    };
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    To install it into our environment, you can just run <literal>nix-env -iA nixpkgs.myPackages</literal>. If you want to load the packages to be built from a working copy of <literal>nixpkgs</literal> you just run <literal>nix-env -f. -iA myPackages</literal>. To explore what's been installed, just look through <filename>~/.nix-profile/</filename>. You can see that a lot of stuff has been installed. Some of this stuff is useful some of it isn't. Let's tell Nixpkgs to only link the stuff that we want:
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
+    myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
+      name = "my-packages";
+      paths = [
+        aspell
+        bc
+        coreutils
+        gdb
+        ffmpeg
+        nixUnstable
+        emscripten
+        jq
+        nox
+        silver-searcher
+      ];
+      pathsToLink = [ "/share" "/bin" ];
+    };
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    <literal>pathsToLink</literal> tells Nixpkgs to only link the paths listed which gets rid of the extra stuff in the profile. <filename>/bin</filename> and <filename>/share</filename> are good defaults for a user environment, getting rid of the clutter. If you are running on Nix on MacOS, you may want to add another path as well, <filename>/Applications</filename>, that makes GUI apps available.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-getting-documentation">
+   <title>Getting documentation</title>
+
+   <para>
+    After building that new environment, look through <filename>~/.nix-profile</filename> to make sure everything is there that we wanted. Discerning readers will note that some files are missing. Look inside <filename>~/.nix-profile/share/man/man1/</filename> to verify this. There are no man pages for any of the Nix tools! This is because some packages like Nix have multiple outputs for things like documentation (see section 4). Let's make Nix install those as well.
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
+    myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
+      name = "my-packages";
+      paths = [
+        aspell
+        bc
+        coreutils
+        ffmpeg
+        nixUnstable
+        emscripten
+        jq
+        nox
+        silver-searcher
+      ];
+      pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/bin" ];
+      extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" ];
+    };
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    This provides us with some useful documentation for using our packages. However, if we actually want those manpages to be detected by man, we need to set up our environment. This can also be managed within Nix expressions.
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
+    myProfile = writeText "my-profile" ''
+      export PATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+      export MANPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/man:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/man:/usr/share/man
+    '';
+    myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
+      name = "my-packages";
+      paths = [
+        (runCommand "profile" {} ''
+          mkdir -p $out/etc/profile.d
+          cp ${myProfile} $out/etc/profile.d/my-profile.sh
+        '')
+        aspell
+        bc
+        coreutils
+        ffmpeg
+        man
+        nixUnstable
+        emscripten
+        jq
+        nox
+        silver-searcher
+      ];
+      pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/bin" "/etc" ];
+      extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" ];
+    };
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    For this to work fully, you must also have this script sourced when you are logged in. Try adding something like this to your <filename>~/.profile</filename> file:
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+#!/bin/sh
+if [ -d $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d ]; then
+  for i in $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
+    if [ -r $i ]; then
+      . $i
+    fi
+  done
+fi
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    Now just run <literal>source $HOME/.profile</literal> and you can starting loading man pages from your environent.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="sec-gnu-info-setup">
+   <title>GNU info setup</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Configuring GNU info is a little bit trickier than man pages. To work correctly, info needs a database to be generated. This can be done with some small modifications to our environment scripts.
+   </para>
+
+<screen>
+{
+  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
+    myProfile = writeText "my-profile" ''
+      export PATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+      export MANPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/man:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/man:/usr/share/man
+      export INFOPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/info:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/info:/usr/share/info
+    '';
+    myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
+      name = "my-packages";
+      paths = [
+        (runCommand "profile" {} ''
+          mkdir -p $out/etc/profile.d
+          cp ${myProfile} $out/etc/profile.d/my-profile.sh
+        '')
+        aspell
+        bc
+        coreutils
+        ffmpeg
+        man
+        nixUnstable
+        emscripten
+        jq
+        nox
+        silver-searcher
+        texinfoInteractive
+      ];
+      pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/share/info" "/bin" "/etc" ];
+      extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" "info" ];
+      postBuild = ''
+        if [ -x $out/bin/install-info -a -w $out/share/info ]; then
+          shopt -s nullglob
+          for i in $out/share/info/*.info $out/share/info/*.info.gz; do
+              $out/bin/install-info $i $out/share/info/dir
+          done
+        fi
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+}
+</screen>
+
+   <para>
+    <literal>postBuild</literal> tells Nixpkgs to run a command after building the environment. In this case, <literal>install-info</literal> adds the installed info pages to <literal>dir</literal> which is GNU info's default root node. Note that <literal>texinfoInteractive</literal> is added to the environment to give the <literal>install-info</literal> command.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-contributing">
+ <title>Contributing to this documentation</title>
+ <para>
+  The DocBook sources of the Nixpkgs manual are in the <filename
+xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/doc">doc</filename> subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  You can quickly check your edits with <command>make</command>:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-shell
+<prompt>[nix-shell]$ </prompt>make
+</screen>
+ <para>
+  If you experience problems, run <command>make debug</command> to help understand the docbook errors.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+  After making modifications to the manual, it's important to build it before committing. You can do that as follows:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-shell
+<prompt>[nix-shell]$ </prompt>make clean
+<prompt>[nix-shell]$ </prompt>nix-build .
+</screen>
+  If the build succeeds, the manual will be in <filename>./result/share/doc/nixpkgs/manual.html</filename>.
+ </para>
+</chapter>

doc/contributing/coding-conventions.chapter.md

@@ -1,664 +0,0 @@
-# Coding conventions {#chap-conventions}
-
-## Syntax {#sec-syntax}
-
-- Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
-
-- Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use `(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)` in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so it’s asking for trouble.
-
-- Use `lowerCamelCase` for variable names, not `UpperCamelCase`. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in [](#sec-package-naming).
-
-- Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
-
-  ```nix
-  foo {
-    arg = ...;
-  }
-  ```
-
-  not
-
-  ```nix
-  foo
-  {
-    arg = ...;
-  }
-  ```
-
-  Also fine is
-
-  ```nix
-  foo { arg = ...; }
-  ```
-
-  if it's a short call.
-
-- In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
-
-  ```nix
-  # A long list.
-  list = [
-    elem1
-    elem2
-    elem3
-  ];
-
-  # A long attribute set.
-  attrs = {
-    attr1 = short_expr;
-    attr2 =
-      if true then big_expr else big_expr;
-  };
-
-  # Combined
-  listOfAttrs = [
-    {
-      attr1 = 3;
-      attr2 = "fff";
-    }
-    {
-      attr1 = 5;
-      attr2 = "ggg";
-    }
-  ];
-  ```
-
-- Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
-
-  ```nix
-  # A short list.
-  list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
-
-  # A short set.
-  attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
-  ```
-
-- Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
-
-  ```nix
-  someFunction { x = 1280;
-    y = 1024; } otherArg
-    yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-  (especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
-
-  Better:
-
-  ```nix
-  someFunction
-    { x = 1280; y = 1024; }
-    otherArg
-    yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-  or
-
-  ```nix
-  let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
-  in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-- The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2 }:
-  assert system == "i686-linux";
-  stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
-  ```
-
-  not
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2 }:
-    assert system == "i686-linux";
-      stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
-  ```
-
-- Function formal arguments are written as:
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
-  ```
-
-  but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2, arg3
-  , arg4, ...
-  , # Some comment...
-    argN
-  }:
-  ```
-
-- Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: ...
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  args: with args; ...
-  ```
-
-  or
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: ...
-  ```
-
-  For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around `mkDerivation`) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an `@`-pattern:
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
-
-  stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
-    ... if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
-  })
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  args:
-
-  args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
-    ... if args ? doCoverageAnalysis && args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
-  })
-  ```
-
-- Unnecessary string conversions should be avoided. Do
-
-  ```nix
-  rev = version;
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  rev = "${version}";
-  ```
-
-- Building lists conditionally _should_ be done with `lib.optional(s)` instead of using `if cond then [ ... ] else null` or `if cond then [ ... ] else [ ]`.
-
-  ```nix
-  buildInputs = lib.optional stdenv.isDarwin iconv;
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  buildInputs = if stdenv.isDarwin then [ iconv ] else null;
-  ```
-
-  As an exception, an explicit conditional expression with null can be used when fixing a important bug without triggering a mass rebuild.
-  If this is done a follow up pull request _should_ be created to change the code to `lib.optional(s)`.
-
-- Arguments should be listed in the order they are used, with the exception of `lib`, which always goes first.
-
-## Package naming {#sec-package-naming}
-
-The key words _must_, _must not_, _required_, _shall_, _shall not_, _should_, _should not_, _recommended_, _may_, and _optional_ in this section are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). Only _emphasized_ words are to be interpreted in this way.
-
-In Nixpkgs, there are generally three different names associated with a package:
-
-- The `name` attribute of the derivation (excluding the version part). This is what most users see, in particular when using `nix-env`.
-
-- The variable name used for the instantiated package in `all-packages.nix`, and when passing it as a dependency to other functions. Typically this is called the _package attribute name_. This is what Nix expression authors see. It can also be used when installing using `nix-env -iA`.
-
-- The filename for (the directory containing) the Nix expression.
-
-Most of the time, these are the same. For instance, the package `e2fsprogs` has a `name` attribute `"e2fsprogs-version"`, is bound to the variable name `e2fsprogs` in `all-packages.nix`, and the Nix expression is in `pkgs/os-specific/linux/e2fsprogs/default.nix`.
-
-There are a few naming guidelines:
-
-- The `name` attribute _should_ be identical to the upstream package name.
-
-- The `name` attribute _must not_ contain uppercase letters — e.g., `"mplayer-1.0rc2"` instead of `"MPlayer-1.0rc2"`.
-
-- The version part of the `name` attribute _must_ start with a digit (following a dash) — e.g., `"hello-0.3.1rc2"`.
-
-- If a package is not a release but a commit from a repository, then the version part of the name _must_ be the date of that (fetched) commit. The date _must_ be in `"YYYY-MM-DD"` format. Also append `"unstable"` to the name - e.g., `"pkgname-unstable-2014-09-23"`.
-
-- Dashes in the package name _should_ be preserved in new variable names, rather than converted to underscores or camel cased — e.g., `http-parser` instead of `http_parser` or `httpParser`. The hyphenated style is preferred in all three package names.
-
-- If there are multiple versions of a package, this _should_ be reflected in the variable names in `all-packages.nix`, e.g. `json-c-0-9` and `json-c-0-11`. If there is an obvious “default” version, make an attribute like `json-c = json-c-0-9;`. See also [](#sec-versioning)
-
-## File naming and organisation {#sec-organisation}
-
-Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be `all-packages.nix`, not `allPackages.nix` or `AllPackages.nix`.
-
-### Hierarchy {#sec-hierarchy}
-
-Each package should be stored in its own directory somewhere in the `pkgs/` tree, i.e. in `pkgs/category/subcategory/.../pkgname`. Below are some rules for picking the right category for a package. Many packages fall under several categories; what matters is the _primary_ purpose of a package. For example, the `libxml2` package builds both a library and some tools; but it’s a library foremost, so it goes under `pkgs/development/libraries`.
-
-When in doubt, consider refactoring the `pkgs/` tree, e.g. creating new categories or splitting up an existing category.
-
-**If it’s used to support _software development_:**
-
-- **If it’s a _library_ used by other packages:**
-
-  - `development/libraries` (e.g. `libxml2`)
-
-- **If it’s a _compiler_:**
-
-  - `development/compilers` (e.g. `gcc`)
-
-- **If it’s an _interpreter_:**
-
-  - `development/interpreters` (e.g. `guile`)
-
-- **If it’s a (set of) development _tool(s)_:**
-
-  - **If it’s a _parser generator_ (including lexers):**
-
-    - `development/tools/parsing` (e.g. `bison`, `flex`)
-
-  - **If it’s a _build manager_:**
-
-    - `development/tools/build-managers` (e.g. `gnumake`)
-
-  - **Else:**
-
-    - `development/tools/misc` (e.g. `binutils`)
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `development/misc`
-
-**If it’s a (set of) _tool(s)_:**
-
-(A tool is a relatively small program, especially one intended to be used non-interactively.)
-
-- **If it’s for _networking_:**
-
-  - `tools/networking` (e.g. `wget`)
-
-- **If it’s for _text processing_:**
-
-  - `tools/text` (e.g. `diffutils`)
-
-- **If it’s a _system utility_, i.e., something related or essential to the operation of a system:**
-
-  - `tools/system` (e.g. `cron`)
-
-- **If it’s an _archiver_ (which may include a compression function):**
-
-  - `tools/archivers` (e.g. `zip`, `tar`)
-
-- **If it’s a _compression_ program:**
-
-  - `tools/compression` (e.g. `gzip`, `bzip2`)
-
-- **If it’s a _security_-related program:**
-
-  - `tools/security` (e.g. `nmap`, `gnupg`)
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `tools/misc`
-
-**If it’s a _shell_:**
-
-- `shells` (e.g. `bash`)
-
-**If it’s a _server_:**
-
-- **If it’s a web server:**
-
-  - `servers/http` (e.g. `apache-httpd`)
-
-- **If it’s an implementation of the X Windowing System:**
-
-  - `servers/x11` (e.g. `xorg` — this includes the client libraries and programs)
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `servers/misc`
-
-**If it’s a _desktop environment_:**
-
-- `desktops` (e.g. `kde`, `gnome`, `enlightenment`)
-
-**If it’s a _window manager_:**
-
-- `applications/window-managers` (e.g. `awesome`, `stumpwm`)
-
-**If it’s an _application_:**
-
-A (typically large) program with a distinct user interface, primarily used interactively.
-
-- **If it’s a _version management system_:**
-
-  - `applications/version-management` (e.g. `subversion`)
-
-- **If it’s a _terminal emulator_:**
-
-  - `applications/terminal-emulators` (e.g. `alacritty` or `rxvt` or `termite`)
-
-- **If it’s for _video playback / editing_:**
-
-  - `applications/video` (e.g. `vlc`)
-
-- **If it’s for _graphics viewing / editing_:**
-
-  - `applications/graphics` (e.g. `gimp`)
-
-- **If it’s for _networking_:**
-
-  - **If it’s a _mailreader_:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/mailreaders` (e.g. `thunderbird`)
-
-  - **If it’s a _newsreader_:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/newsreaders` (e.g. `pan`)
-
-  - **If it’s a _web browser_:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/browsers` (e.g. `firefox`)
-
-  - **Else:**
-
-    - `applications/networking/misc`
-
-- **Else:**
-
-  - `applications/misc`
-
-**If it’s _data_ (i.e., does not have a straight-forward executable semantics):**
-
-- **If it’s a _font_:**
-
-  - `data/fonts`
-
-- **If it’s an _icon theme_:**
-
-  - `data/icons`
-
-- **If it’s related to _SGML/XML processing_:**
-
-  - **If it’s an _XML DTD_:**
-
-    - `data/sgml+xml/schemas/xml-dtd` (e.g. `docbook`)
-
-  - **If it’s an _XSLT stylesheet_:**
-
-    (Okay, these are executable...)
-
-    - `data/sgml+xml/stylesheets/xslt` (e.g. `docbook-xsl`)
-
-- **If it’s a _theme_ for a _desktop environment_, a _window manager_ or a _display manager_:**
-
-  - `data/themes`
-
-**If it’s a _game_:**
-
-- `games`
-
-**Else:**
-
-- `misc`
-
-### Versioning {#sec-versioning}
-
-Because every version of a package in Nixpkgs creates a potential maintenance burden, old versions of a package should not be kept unless there is a good reason to do so. For instance, Nixpkgs contains several versions of GCC because other packages don’t build with the latest version of GCC. Other examples are having both the latest stable and latest pre-release version of a package, or to keep several major releases of an application that differ significantly in functionality.
-
-If there is only one version of a package, its Nix expression should be named `e2fsprogs/default.nix`. If there are multiple versions, this should be reflected in the filename, e.g. `e2fsprogs/1.41.8.nix` and `e2fsprogs/1.41.9.nix`. The version in the filename should leave out unnecessary detail. For instance, if we keep the latest Firefox 2.0.x and 3.5.x versions in Nixpkgs, they should be named `firefox/2.0.nix` and `firefox/3.5.nix`, respectively (which, at a given point, might contain versions `2.0.0.20` and `3.5.4`). If a version requires many auxiliary files, you can use a subdirectory for each version, e.g. `firefox/2.0/default.nix` and `firefox/3.5/default.nix`.
-
-All versions of a package _must_ be included in `all-packages.nix` to make sure that they evaluate correctly.
-
-## Fetching Sources {#sec-sources}
-
-There are multiple ways to fetch a package source in nixpkgs. The general guideline is that you should package reproducible sources with a high degree of availability. Right now there is only one fetcher which has mirroring support and that is `fetchurl`. Note that you should also prefer protocols which have a corresponding proxy environment variable.
-
-You can find many source fetch helpers in `pkgs/build-support/fetch*`.
-
-In the file `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix` you can find fetch helpers, these have names on the form `fetchFrom*`. The intention of these are to provide snapshot fetches but using the same api as some of the version controlled fetchers from `pkgs/build-support/`. As an example going from bad to good:
-
-- Bad: Uses `git://` which won't be proxied.
-
-  ```nix
-  src = fetchgit {
-    url = "git://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
-    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
-    sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
-  }
-  ```
-
-- Better: This is ok, but an archive fetch will still be faster.
-
-  ```nix
-  src = fetchgit {
-    url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
-    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
-    sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
-  }
-  ```
-
-- Best: Fetches a snapshot archive and you get the rev you want.
-
-  ```nix
-  src = fetchFromGitHub {
-    owner = "NixOS";
-    repo = "nix";
-    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
-    sha256 = "1i2yxndxb6yc9l6c99pypbd92lfq5aac4klq7y2v93c9qvx2cgpc";
-  }
-  ```
-
-  Find the value to put as `sha256` by running `nix run -f '<nixpkgs>' nix-prefetch-github -c nix-prefetch-github --rev 1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae NixOS nix` or `nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/NixOS/nix/archive/1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae.tar.gz`.
-
-## Obtaining source hash {#sec-source-hashes}
-
-Preferred source hash type is sha256. There are several ways to get it.
-
-1. Prefetch URL (with `nix-prefetch-XXX URL`, where `XXX` is one of `url`, `git`, `hg`, `cvs`, `bzr`, `svn`). Hash is printed to stdout.
-
-2. Prefetch by package source (with `nix-prefetch-url '<nixpkgs>' -A PACKAGE.src`, where `PACKAGE` is package attribute name). Hash is printed to stdout.
-
-    This works well when you've upgraded existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if package can't be accessed by attribute or package has multiple sources (`.srcs`, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
-
-3. Upstream provided hash: use it when upstream provides `sha256` or `sha512` (when upstream provides `md5`, don't use it, compute `sha256` instead).
-
-    A little nuance is that `nix-prefetch-*` tools produce hash encoded with `base32`, but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (`base16`) encoding. Fetchers understand both formats. Nixpkgs does not standardize on any one format.
-
-    You can convert between formats with nix-hash, for example:
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ nix-hash --type sha256 --to-base32 HASH
-    ```
-
-4. Extracting hash from local source tarball can be done with `sha256sum`. Use `nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/tarball` if you want base32 hash.
-
-5. Fake hash: set fake hash in package expression, perform build and extract correct hash from error Nix prints.
-
-    For package updates it is enough to change one symbol to make hash fake. For new packages, you can use `lib.fakeSha256`, `lib.fakeSha512` or any other fake hash.
-
-    This is last resort method when reconstructing source URL is non-trivial and `nix-prefetch-url -A` isn’t applicable (for example, [one of `kodi` dependencies](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d2ab091dd308b99e4912b805a5eb088dd536adb9/pkgs/applications/video/kodi/default.nix#L73)). The easiest way then would be replace hash with a fake one and rebuild. Nix build will fail and error message will contain desired hash.
-
-::: {.warning}
-This method has security problems. Check below for details.
-:::
-
-### Obtaining hashes securely {#sec-source-hashes-security}
-
-Let's say Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) sits close to your network. Then instead of fetching source you can fetch malware, and instead of source hash you get hash of malware. Here are security considerations for this scenario:
-
-- `http://` URLs are not secure to prefetch hash from;
-
-- hashes from upstream (in method 3) should be obtained via secure protocol;
-
-- `https://` URLs are secure in methods 1, 2, 3;
-
-- `https://` URLs are not secure in method 5. When obtaining hashes with fake hash method, TLS checks are disabled. So refetch source hash from several different networks to exclude MITM scenario. Alternatively, use fake hash method to make Nix error, but instead of extracting hash from error, extract `https://` URL and prefetch it with method 1.
-
-## Patches {#sec-patches}
-
-Patches available online should be retrieved using `fetchpatch`.
-
-```nix
-patches = [
-  (fetchpatch {
-    name = "fix-check-for-using-shared-freetype-lib.patch";
-    url = "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=patch;h=8f5d285";
-    sha256 = "1f0k043rng7f0rfl9hhb89qzvvksqmkrikmm38p61yfx51l325xr";
-  })
-];
-```
-
-Otherwise, you can add a `.patch` file to the `nixpkgs` repository. In the interest of keeping our maintenance burden to a minimum, only patches that are unique to `nixpkgs` should be added in this way.
-
-```nix
-patches = [ ./0001-changes.patch ];
-```
-
-If you do need to do create this sort of patch file, one way to do so is with git:
-
-1. Move to the root directory of the source code you're patching.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ cd the/program/source
-    ```
-
-2. If a git repository is not already present, create one and stage all of the source files.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git init
-    $ git add .
-    ```
-
-3. Edit some files to make whatever changes need to be included in the patch.
-
-4. Use git to create a diff, and pipe the output to a patch file:
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git diff -a > nixpkgs/pkgs/the/package/0001-changes.patch
-    ```
-
-If a patch is available online but does not cleanly apply, it can be modified in some fixed ways by using additional optional arguments for `fetchpatch`:
-
-- `stripLen`: Remove the first `stripLen` components of pathnames in the patch.
-- `extraPrefix`: Prefix pathnames by this string.
-- `excludes`: Exclude files matching this pattern.
-- `includes`: Include only files matching this pattern.
-- `revert`: Revert the patch.
-
-Note that because the checksum is computed after applying these effects, using or modifying these arguments will have no effect unless the `sha256` argument is changed as well.
-
-## Package tests {#sec-package-tests}
-
-Tests are important to ensure quality and make reviews and automatic updates easy.
-
-The following types of tests exists:
-
-* [NixOS **module tests**](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests), which spawn one or more NixOS VMs. They exercise both NixOS modules and the packaged programs used within them. For example, a NixOS module test can start a web server VM running the `nginx` module, and a client VM running `curl` or a graphical `firefox`, and test that they can talk to each other and display the correct content.
-* Nix **package tests** are a lightweight alternative to NixOS module tests. They should be used to create simple integration tests for packages, but cannot test NixOS services, and some programs with graphical user interfaces may also be difficult to test with them.
-* The **`checkPhase` of a package**, which should execute the unit tests that are included in the source code of a package.
-
-Here in the nixpkgs manual we describe mostly _package tests_; for _module tests_ head over to the corresponding [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests).
-
-### Writing inline package tests {#ssec-inline-package-tests-writing}
-
-For very simple tests, they can be written inline:
-
-```nix
-{ …, yq-go }:
-
-buildGoModule rec {
-  …
-
-  passthru.tests = {
-    simple = runCommand "${pname}-test" {} ''
-      echo "test: 1" | ${yq-go}/bin/yq eval -j > $out
-      [ "$(cat $out | tr -d $'\n ')" = '{"test":1}' ]
-    '';
-  };
-}
-```
-
-### Writing larger package tests {#ssec-package-tests-writing}
-
-This is an example using the `phoronix-test-suite` package with the current best practices.
-
-Add the tests in `passthru.tests` to the package definition like this:
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, lib, fetchurl, callPackage }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  …
-
-  passthru.tests = {
-    simple-execution = callPackage ./tests.nix { };
-  };
-
-  meta = { … };
-}
-```
-
-Create `tests.nix` in the package directory:
-
-```nix
-{ runCommand, phoronix-test-suite }:
-
-let
-  inherit (phoronix-test-suite) pname version;
-in
-
-runCommand "${pname}-tests" { meta.timeout = 60; }
-  ''
-    # automatic initial setup to prevent interactive questions
-    ${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite enterprise-setup >/dev/null
-    # get version of installed program and compare with package version
-    if [[ `${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite version` != *"${version}"*  ]]; then
-      echo "Error: program version does not match package version"
-      exit 1
-    fi
-    # run dummy command
-    ${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite dummy_module.dummy-command >/dev/null
-    # needed for Nix to register the command as successful
-    touch $out
-  ''
-```
-
-### Running package tests {#ssec-package-tests-running}
-
-You can run these tests with:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd path/to/nixpkgs
-$ nix-build -A phoronix-test-suite.tests
-```
-
-### Examples of package tests {#ssec-package-tests-examples}
-
-Here are examples of package tests:
-
-- [Jasmin compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/jasmin/test-assemble-hello-world/default.nix)
-- [Lobster compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/lobster/test-can-run-hello-world.nix)
-- [Spacy annotation test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/spacy/annotation-test/default.nix)
-- [Libtorch test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/science/math/libtorch/test/default.nix)
-- [Multiple tests for nanopb](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/nanopb/default.nix)
-
-### Linking NixOS module tests to a package {#ssec-nixos-tests-linking}
-
-Like [package tests](#ssec-package-tests-writing) as shown above, [NixOS module tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests) can also be linked to a package, so that the tests can be easily run when changing the related package.
-
-For example, assuming we're packaging `nginx`, we can link its module test via `passthru.tests`:
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, lib, nixosTests }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  ...
-
-  passthru.tests = {
-    nginx = nixosTests.nginx;
-  };
-
-  ...
-}
-```

doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to this documentation {#chap-contributing}
-
-The sources of the Nixpkgs manual are in the [doc](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/doc) subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository. The manual is still partially written in DocBook but it is progressively being converted to [Markdown](#sec-contributing-markup).
-
-You can quickly check your edits with `make`:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
-$ nix-shell
-[nix-shell]$ make
-```
-
-If you experience problems, run `make debug` to help understand the docbook errors.
-
-After making modifications to the manual, it's important to build it before committing. You can do that as follows:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/doc
-$ nix-shell
-[nix-shell]$ make clean
-[nix-shell]$ nix-build .
-```
-
-If the build succeeds, the manual will be in `./result/share/doc/nixpkgs/manual.html`.
-
-## Syntax {#sec-contributing-markup}
-
-As per [RFC 0072](https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/pull/72), all new documentation content should be written in [CommonMark](https://commonmark.org/) Markdown dialect.
-
-Additionally, the following syntax extensions are currently used:
-
-- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-anchors}
-  Explicitly defined **anchors** on headings, to allow linking to sections. These should be always used, to ensure the anchors can be linked even when the heading text changes, and to prevent conflicts between [automatically assigned identifiers](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/auto_identifiers.md).
-
-  It uses the widely compatible [header attributes](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/attributes.md) syntax:
-
-  ```markdown
-  ## Syntax {#sec-contributing-markup}
-  ```
-
-- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-anchors-inline}
-  **Inline anchors**, which allow linking arbitrary place in the text (e.g. individual list items, sentences…).
-
-  They are defined using a hybrid of the link syntax with the attributes syntax known from headings, called [bracketed spans](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/bracketed_spans.md):
-
-  ```markdown
-  - []{#ssec-gnome-hooks-glib} `glib` setup hook will populate `GSETTINGS_SCHEMAS_PATH` and then `wrapGAppsHook` will prepend it to `XDG_DATA_DIRS`.
-  ```
-
-- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-automatic-links}
-  If you **omit a link text** for a link pointing to a section, the text will be substituted automatically. For example, `[](#chap-contributing)` will result in [](#chap-contributing).
-
-  This syntax is taken from [MyST](https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using/syntax.html#targets-and-cross-referencing).
-
-- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-inline-roles}
-  If you want to link to a man page, you can use `` {manpage}`nix.conf(5)` ``, which will turn into {manpage}`nix.conf(5)`.
-
-  The references will turn into links when a mapping exists in {file}`doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/unix-man-urls.lua`.
-
-  This syntax is taken from [MyST](https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point). Though, the feature originates from [reStructuredText](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html#role-manpage) with slightly different syntax.
-
-- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-admonitions}
-  **Admonitions**, set off from the text to bring attention to something.
-
-  It uses pandoc’s [fenced `div`s syntax](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/fenced_divs.md):
-
-  ```markdown
-  ::: {.warning}
-  This is a warning
-  :::
-  ```
-
-  which renders as
-
-  > ::: {.warning}
-  > This is a warning.
-  > :::
-
-  The following are supported:
-
-    - [`caution`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/caution.html)
-    - [`important`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/important.html)
-    - [`note`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/note.html)
-    - [`tip`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/tip.html)
-    - [`warning`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/warning.html)
-
-- []{#ssec-contributing-markup-definition-lists}
-  [**Definition lists**](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/definition_lists.md), for defining a group of terms:
-
-  ```markdown
-  pear
-  :   green or yellow bulbous fruit
-
-  watermelon
-  :   green fruit with red flesh
-  ```
-
-  which renders as
-
-  > pear
-  > :   green or yellow bulbous fruit
-  >
-  > watermelon
-  > :   green fruit with red flesh
-
-For contributing to the legacy parts, please see [DocBook: The Definitive Guide](https://tdg.docbook.org/) or the [DocBook rocks! primer](https://web.archive.org/web/20200816233747/https://docbook.rocks/).

doc/contributing/quick-start.chapter.md

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-# Quick Start to Adding a Package {#chap-quick-start}
-
-To add a package to Nixpkgs:
-
-1. Checkout the Nixpkgs source tree:
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
-   $ cd nixpkgs
-   ```
-
-2. Find a good place in the Nixpkgs tree to add the Nix expression for your package. For instance, a library package typically goes into `pkgs/development/libraries/pkgname`, while a web browser goes into `pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/pkgname`. See [](#sec-organisation) for some hints on the tree organisation. Create a directory for your package, e.g.
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ mkdir pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo
-   ```
-
-3. In the package directory, create a Nix expression — a piece of code that describes how to build the package. In this case, it should be a _function_ that is called with the package dependencies as arguments, and returns a build of the package in the Nix store. The expression should usually be called `default.nix`.
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ emacs pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
-   $ git add pkgs/development/libraries/libfoo/default.nix
-   ```
-
-   You can have a look at the existing Nix expressions under `pkgs/` to see how it’s done. Here are some good ones:
-
-   - GNU Hello: [`pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/hello/default.nix). Trivial package, which specifies some `meta` attributes which is good practice.
-
-   - GNU cpio: [`pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/archivers/cpio/default.nix). Also a simple package. The generic builder in `stdenv` does everything for you. It has no dependencies beyond `stdenv`.
-
-   - GNU Multiple Precision arithmetic library (GMP): [`pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/gmp/5.1.x.nix). Also done by the generic builder, but has a dependency on `m4`.
-
-   - Pan, a GTK-based newsreader: [`pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/newsreaders/pan/default.nix). Has an optional dependency on `gtkspell`, which is only built if `spellCheck` is `true`.
-
-   - Apache HTTPD: [`pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/servers/http/apache-httpd/2.4.nix). A bunch of optional features, variable substitutions in the configure flags, a post-install hook, and miscellaneous hackery.
-
-   - Thunderbird: [`pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/networking/mailreaders/thunderbird/default.nix). Lots of dependencies.
-
-   - JDiskReport, a Java utility: [`pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/tools/misc/jdiskreport/default.nix). Nixpkgs doesn’t have a decent `stdenv` for Java yet so this is pretty ad-hoc.
-
-   - XML::Simple, a Perl module: [`pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix) (search for the `XMLSimple` attribute). Most Perl modules are so simple to build that they are defined directly in `perl-packages.nix`; no need to make a separate file for them.
-
-   - Adobe Reader: [`pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/default.nix). Shows how binary-only packages can be supported. In particular the [builder](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/misc/adobe-reader/builder.sh) uses `patchelf` to set the RUNPATH and ELF interpreter of the executables so that the right libraries are found at runtime.
-
-   Some notes:
-
-   - All [`meta`](#chap-meta) attributes are optional, but it’s still a good idea to provide at least the `description`, `homepage` and [`license`](#sec-meta-license).
-
-   - You can use `nix-prefetch-url url` to get the SHA-256 hash of source distributions. There are similar commands as `nix-prefetch-git` and `nix-prefetch-hg` available in `nix-prefetch-scripts` package.
-
-   - A list of schemes for `mirror://` URLs can be found in [`pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/build-support/fetchurl/mirrors.nix).
-
-   The exact syntax and semantics of the Nix expression language, including the built-in function, are described in the Nix manual in the [chapter on writing Nix expressions](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nix/trunk/tarball/latest/download-by-type/doc/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions).
-
-4. Add a call to the function defined in the previous step to [`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix) with some descriptive name for the variable, e.g. `libfoo`.
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ emacs pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
-   ```
-
-   The attributes in that file are sorted by category (like “Development / Libraries”) that more-or-less correspond to the directory structure of Nixpkgs, and then by attribute name.
-
-5. To test whether the package builds, run the following command from the root of the nixpkgs source tree:
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ nix-build -A libfoo
-   ```
-
-   where `libfoo` should be the variable name defined in the previous step. You may want to add the flag `-K` to keep the temporary build directory in case something fails. If the build succeeds, a symlink `./result` to the package in the Nix store is created.
-
-6. If you want to install the package into your profile (optional), do
-
-   ```ShellSession
-   $ nix-env -f . -iA libfoo
-   ```
-
-7. Optionally commit the new package and open a pull request [to nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls), or use [the Patches category](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/about-the-patches-category/477) on Discourse for sending a patch without a GitHub account.

doc/contributing/reviewing-contributions.chapter.md

@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-# Reviewing contributions {#chap-reviewing-contributions}
-
-::: {.warning}
-The following section is a draft, and the policy for reviewing is still being discussed in issues such as [#11166](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/11166) and [#20836](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/20836).
-:::
-
-The Nixpkgs project receives a fairly high number of contributions via GitHub pull requests. Reviewing and approving these is an important task and a way to contribute to the project.
-
-The high change rate of Nixpkgs makes any pull request that remains open for too long subject to conflicts that will require extra work from the submitter or the merger. Reviewing pull requests in a timely manner and being responsive to the comments is the key to avoid this issue. GitHub provides sort filters that can be used to see the [most recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc) and the [least recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-asc) updated pull requests. We highly encourage looking at [this list of ready to merge, unreviewed pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+review%3Anone+status%3Asuccess+-label%3A%222.status%3A+work-in-progress%22+no%3Aproject+no%3Aassignee+no%3Amilestone).
-
-When reviewing a pull request, please always be nice and polite. Controversial changes can lead to controversial opinions, but it is important to respect every community member and their work.
-
-GitHub provides reactions as a simple and quick way to provide feedback to pull requests or any comments. The thumb-down reaction should be used with care and if possible accompanied with some explanation so the submitter has directions to improve their contribution.
-
-pull request reviews should include a list of what has been reviewed in a comment, so other reviewers and mergers can know the state of the review.
-
-All the review template samples provided in this section are generic and meant as examples. Their usage is optional and the reviewer is free to adapt them to their liking.
-
-## Package updates {#reviewing-contributions-package-updates}
-
-A package update is the most trivial and common type of pull request. These pull requests mainly consist of updating the version part of the package name and the source hash.
-
-It can happen that non-trivial updates include patches or more complex changes.
-
-Reviewing process:
-
-- Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the commit text fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the package maintainers are notified.
-  - [CODEOWNERS](https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners) will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
-- Ensure that the meta field information is correct.
-  - License can change with version updates, so it should be checked to match the upstream license.
-  - If the package has no maintainer, a maintainer must be set. This can be the update submitter or a community member that accepts to take maintainership of the package.
-- Ensure that the code contains no typos.
-- Building the package locally.
-  - pull requests are often targeted to the master or staging branch, and building the pull request locally when it is submitted can trigger many source builds.
-  - It is possible to rebase the changes on nixos-unstable or nixpkgs-unstable for easier review by running the following commands from a nixpkgs clone.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git fetch origin nixos-unstable
-    $ git fetch origin pull/PRNUMBER/head
-    $ git rebase --onto nixos-unstable BASEBRANCH FETCH_HEAD
-    ```
-
-    - The first command fetches the nixos-unstable branch.
-    - The second command fetches the pull request changes, `PRNUMBER` is the number at the end of the pull request title and `BASEBRANCH` the base branch of the pull request.
-    - The third command rebases the pull request changes to the nixos-unstable branch.
-  - The [nixpkgs-review](https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review) tool can be used to review a pull request content in a single command. `PRNUMBER` should be replaced by the number at the end of the pull request title. You can also provide the full github pull request url.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review pr PRNUMBER"
-    ```
-- Running every binary.
-
-Sample template for a package update review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] package name fits guidelines
-- [ ] package version fits guidelines
-- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] all depending packages build
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## New packages {#reviewing-contributions-new-packages}
-
-New packages are a common type of pull requests. These pull requests consists in adding a new nix-expression for a package.
-
-Review process:
-
-- Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the commit name fits the guidelines.
-- Ensure that the meta fields contain correct information.
-  - License must match the upstream license.
-  - Platforms should be set (or the package will not get binary substitutes).
-  - Maintainers must be set. This can be the package submitter or a community member that accepts taking up maintainership of the package.
-- Report detected typos.
-- Ensure the package source:
-  - Uses mirror URLs when available.
-  - Uses the most appropriate functions (e.g. packages from GitHub should use `fetchFromGitHub`).
-- Building the package locally.
-- Running every binary.
-
-Sample template for a new package review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] package path fits guidelines
-- [ ] package name fits guidelines
-- [ ] package version fits guidelines
-- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] `meta.description` is set and fits guidelines
-- [ ] `meta.license` fits upstream license
-- [ ] `meta.platforms` is set
-- [ ] `meta.maintainers` is set
-- [ ] build time only dependencies are declared in `nativeBuildInputs`
-- [ ] source is fetched using the appropriate function
-- [ ] phases are respected
-- [ ] patches that are remotely available are fetched with `fetchpatch`
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## Module updates {#reviewing-contributions-module-updates}
-
-Module updates are submissions changing modules in some ways. These often contains changes to the options or introduce new options.
-
-Reviewing process:
-
-- Ensure that the module maintainers are notified.
-  - [CODEOWNERS](https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/) will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
-- Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
-- Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
-  - Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, `optionSet` and `string` types are deprecated).
-  - Description, default and example should be provided.
-- Ensure that option changes are backward compatible.
-  - `mkRenamedOptionModule` and `mkAliasOptionModule` functions provide way to make option changes backward compatible.
-- Ensure that removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
-- Ensure that changes that are not backward compatible are mentioned in release notes.
-- Ensure that documentations affected by the change is updated.
-
-Sample template for a module update review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] changes are backward compatible
-- [ ] removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
-- [ ] changes that are not backward compatible are documented in release notes
-- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] options types are appropriate
-- [ ] options description is set
-- [ ] options example is provided
-- [ ] documentation affected by the changes is updated
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## New modules {#reviewing-contributions-new-modules}
-
-New modules submissions introduce a new module to NixOS.
-
-Reviewing process:
-
-- Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
-- Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
-  - Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their merging capabilities, `optionSet` and `string` types are deprecated).
-  - Description, default and example should be provided.
-- Ensure that module `meta` field is present
-  - Maintainers should be declared in `meta.maintainers`.
-  - Module documentation should be declared with `meta.doc`.
-- Ensure that the module respect other modules functionality.
-  - For example, enabling a module should not open firewall ports by default.
-
-Sample template for a new module review is provided below.
-
-```markdown
-##### Reviewed points
-
-- [ ] module path fits the guidelines
-- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
-- [ ] options have appropriate types
-- [ ] options have default
-- [ ] options have example
-- [ ] options have descriptions
-- [ ] No unneeded package is added to environment.systemPackages
-- [ ] meta.maintainers is set
-- [ ] module documentation is declared in meta.doc
-
-##### Possible improvements
-
-##### Comments
-```
-
-## Other submissions {#reviewing-contributions-other-submissions}
-
-Other type of submissions requires different reviewing steps.
-
-If you consider having enough knowledge and experience in a topic and would like to be a long-term reviewer for related submissions, please contact the current reviewers for that topic. They will give you information about the reviewing process. The main reviewers for a topic can be hard to find as there is no list, but checking past pull requests to see who reviewed or git-blaming the code to see who committed to that topic can give some hints.
-
-Container system, boot system and library changes are some examples of the pull requests fitting this category.
-
-## Merging pull requests {#reviewing-contributions--merging-pull-requests}
-
-It is possible for community members that have enough knowledge and experience on a special topic to contribute by merging pull requests.
-
-<!--
-The following paragraphs about how to deal with unactive contributors is just a proposition and should be modified to what the community agrees to be the right policy.
-
-Please note that contributors with commit rights unactive for more than three months will have their commit rights revoked.
--->
-
-Please see the discussion in [GitHub nixpkgs issue #50105](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/50105) for information on how to proceed to be granted this level of access.
-
-In a case a contributor definitively leaves the Nix community, they should create an issue or post on [Discourse](https://discourse.nixos.org) with references of packages and modules they maintain so the maintainership can be taken over by other contributors.

doc/contributing/submitting-changes.chapter.md

@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-# Submitting changes {#chap-submitting-changes}
-
-## Making patches {#submitting-changes-making-patches}
-
-- Read [Manual (How to write packages for Nix)](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/).
-
-- Fork [the Nixpkgs repository](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/) on GitHub.
-
-- Create a branch for your future fix.
-
-  - You can make branch from a commit of your local `nixos-version`. That will help you to avoid additional local compilations. Because you will receive packages from binary cache. For example
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ nixos-version --hash
-    0998212
-    $ git checkout 0998212
-    $ git checkout -b 'fix/pkg-name-update'
-    ```
-
-  - Please avoid working directly on the `master` branch.
-
-- Make commits of logical units.
-
-- If you removed pkgs or made some major NixOS changes, write about it in the release notes for the next stable release. For example `nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2003.xml`.
-
-- Check for unnecessary whitespace with `git diff --check` before committing.
-
-- Format the commit in a following way:
-
-  ```
-  (pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
-  Additional information.
-  ```
-
-  - Examples:
-    - `nginx: init at 2.0.1`
-    - `firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0`
-    - `nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option`
-    - `nixos/nginx: refactor config generation`
-
-- Test your changes. If you work with
-
-  - nixpkgs:
-
-    - update pkg
-      - `nix-env -i pkg-name -f <path to your local nixpkgs folder>`
-    - add pkg
-      - Make sure it’s in `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`
-      - `nix-env -i pkg-name -f <path to your local nixpkgs folder>`
-    - _If you don’t want to install pkg in you profile_.
-      - `nix-build -A pkg-attribute-name <path to your local nixpkgs folder>/default.nix` and check results in the folder `result`. It will appear in the same directory where you did `nix-build`.
-    - If you did `nix-env -i pkg-name` you can do `nix-env -e pkg-name` to uninstall it from your system.
-
-  - NixOS and its modules:
-    - You can add new module to your NixOS configuration file (usually it’s `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`). And do `sudo nixos-rebuild test -I nixpkgs=<path to your local nixpkgs folder> --fast`.
-
-- If you have commits `pkg-name: oh, forgot to insert whitespace`: squash commits in this case. Use `git rebase -i`.
-
-- [Rebase](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing) your branch against current `master`.
-
-## Submitting changes {#submitting-changes-submitting-changes}
-
-- Push your changes to your fork of nixpkgs.
-- Create the pull request
-- Follow [the contribution guidelines](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-changes).
-
-## Submitting security fixes {#submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes}
-
-Security fixes are submitted in the same way as other changes and thus the same guidelines apply.
-
-- If a new version fixing the vulnerability has been released, update the package;
-- If the security fix comes in the form of a patch and a CVE is available, then add the patch to the Nixpkgs tree, and apply it to the package.
-  The name of the patch should be the CVE identifier, so e.g. `CVE-2019-13636.patch`; If a patch is fetched the name needs to be set as well, e.g.:
-
-  ```nix
-  (fetchpatch {
-    name = "CVE-2019-11068.patch";
-    url = "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/e03553605b45c88f0b4b2980adfbbb8f6fca2fd6.patch";
-    sha256 = "0pkpb4837km15zgg6h57bncp66d5lwrlvkr73h0lanywq7zrwhj8";
-  })
-  ```
-
-If a security fix applies to both master and a stable release then, similar to regular changes, they are preferably delivered via master first and cherry-picked to the release branch.
-
-Critical security fixes may by-pass the staging branches and be delivered directly to release branches such as `master` and `release-*`.
-
-## Deprecating/removing packages {#submitting-changes-deprecating-packages}
-
-There is currently no policy when to remove a package.
-
-Before removing a package, one should try to find a new maintainer or fix smaller issues first.
-
-### Steps to remove a package from Nixpkgs {#steps-to-remove-a-package-from-nixpkgs}
-
-We use jbidwatcher as an example for a discontinued project here.
-
-1. Have Nixpkgs checked out locally and up to date.
-1. Create a new branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b jbidwatcher`
-1. Remove the actual package including its directory, e.g. `rm -rf pkgs/applications/misc/jbidwatcher`
-1. Remove the package from the list of all packages (`pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix`).
-1. Add an alias for the package name in `pkgs/top-level/aliases.nix` (There is also `pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/aliases.nix`. Package sets typically do not have aliases, so we can't add them there.)
-
-    For example in this case:
-
-    ```
-    jbidwatcher = throw "jbidwatcher was discontinued in march 2021"; # added 2021-03-15
-    ```
-
-    The throw message should explain in short why the package was removed for users that still have it installed.
-
-1. Test if the changes introduced any issues by running `nix-env -qaP -f . --show-trace`. It should show the list of packages without errors.
-1. Commit the changes. Explain again why the package was removed. If it was declared discontinued upstream, add a link to the source.
-
-    ```ShellSession
-    $ git add pkgs/applications/misc/jbidwatcher/default.nix pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix pkgs/top-level/aliases.nix
-    $ git commit
-    ```
-
-    Example commit message:
-
-    ```
-    jbidwatcher: remove
-
-    project was discontinued in march 2021. the program does not work anymore because ebay changed the login.
-
-    https://web.archive.org/web/20210315205723/http://www.jbidwatcher.com/
-    ```
-
-1. Push changes to your GitHub fork with `git push`
-1. Create a pull request against Nixpkgs. Mention the package maintainer.
-
-This is how the pull request looks like in this case: [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/116470](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/116470)
-
-## Pull Request Template {#submitting-changes-pull-request-template}
-
-The pull request template helps determine what steps have been made for a contribution so far, and will help guide maintainers on the status of a change. The motivation section of the PR should include any extra details the title does not address and link any existing issues related to the pull request.
-
-When a PR is created, it will be pre-populated with some checkboxes detailed below:
-
-### Tested using sandboxing {#submitting-changes-tested-with-sandbox}
-
-When sandbox builds are enabled, Nix will setup an isolated environment for each build process. It is used to remove further hidden dependencies set by the build environment to improve reproducibility. This includes access to the network during the build outside of `fetch*` functions and files outside the Nix store. Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux); see [sandbox](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#conf-sandbox) in Nix manual for details.
-
-Sandboxing is not enabled by default in Nix due to a small performance hit on each build. In pull requests for [nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/) people are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see `Tested using sandboxing` in the pull request template) because in<https://nixos.org/hydra/> sandboxing is also used.
-
-Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the following methods to enable sandboxing **before** building the package:
-
-- **Globally enable sandboxing on NixOS**: add the following to `configuration.nix`
-
-  ```nix
-  nix.useSandbox = true;
-  ```
-
-- **Globally enable sandboxing on non-NixOS platforms**: add the following to: `/etc/nix/nix.conf`
-
-  ```ini
-  sandbox = true
-  ```
-
-### Built on platform(s) {#submitting-changes-platform-diversity}
-
-Many Nix packages are designed to run on multiple platforms. As such, it’s important to let the maintainer know which platforms your changes have been tested on. It’s not always practical to test a change on all platforms, and is not required for a pull request to be merged. Only check the systems you tested the build on in this section.
-
-### Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside nixos/tests) {#submitting-changes-nixos-tests}
-
-Packages with automated tests are much more likely to be merged in a timely fashion because it doesn’t require as much manual testing by the maintainer to verify the functionality of the package. If there are existing tests for the package, they should be run to verify your changes do not break the tests. Tests can only be run on Linux. For more details on writing and running tests, see the [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests).
-
-### Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using `nixpkgs-review` {#submitting-changes-tested-compilation}
-
-If you are updating a package’s version, you can use nixpkgs-review to make sure all packages that depend on the updated package still compile correctly. The `nixpkgs-review` utility can look for and build all dependencies either based on uncommited changes with the `wip` option or specifying a github pull request number.
-
-review changes from pull request number 12345:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review pr 12345
-```
-
-review uncommitted changes:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review wip
-```
-
-review changes from last commit:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs.nixpkgs-review -c nixpkgs-review rev HEAD
-```
-
-### Tested execution of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`) {#submitting-changes-tested-execution}
-
-It’s important to test any executables generated by a build when you change or create a package in nixpkgs. This can be done by looking in `./result/bin` and running any files in there, or at a minimum, the main executable for the package. For example, if you make a change to texlive, you probably would only check the binaries associated with the change you made rather than testing all of them.
-
-### Meets Nixpkgs contribution standards {#submitting-changes-contribution-standards}
-
-The last checkbox is fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). The contributing document has detailed information on standards the Nix community has for commit messages, reviews, licensing of contributions you make to the project, etc\... Everyone should read and understand the standards the community has for contributing before submitting a pull request.
-
-## Hotfixing pull requests {#submitting-changes-hotfixing-pull-requests}
-
-- Make the appropriate changes in you branch.
-- Don’t create additional commits, do
-  - `git rebase -i`
-  - `git push --force` to your branch.
-
-## Commit policy {#submitting-changes-commit-policy}
-
-- Commits must be sufficiently tested before being merged, both for the master and staging branches.
-- Hydra builds for master and staging should not be used as testing platform, it’s a build farm for changes that have been already tested.
-- When changing the bootloader installation process, extra care must be taken. Grub installations cannot be rolled back, hence changes may break people’s installations forever. For any non-trivial change to the bootloader please file a PR asking for review, especially from \@edolstra.
-
-```{.graphviz caption="Staging workflow"}
-digraph {
-    "small changes" [shape=none]
-    "mass-rebuilds and other large changes" [shape=none]
-    "critical security fixes" [shape=none]
-    "broken staging-next fixes" [shape=none]
-
-    "small changes" -> master
-    "mass-rebuilds and other large changes" -> staging
-    "critical security fixes" -> master
-    "broken staging-next fixes" -> "staging-next"
-
-    "staging-next" -> master [color="#E85EB0"] [label="stabilization ends"] [fontcolor="#E85EB0"]
-    "staging" -> "staging-next" [color="#E85EB0"] [label="stabilization starts"] [fontcolor="#E85EB0"]
-
-    master -> "staging-next" -> staging [color="#5F5EE8"] [label="every six hours (GitHub Action)"] [fontcolor="#5F5EE8"]
-}
-```
-
-[This GitHub Action](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/workflows/merge-staging.yml) brings changes from `master` to `staging-next` and from `staging-next` to `staging` every 6 hours.
-
-
-### Master branch {#submitting-changes-master-branch}
-
-The `master` branch is the main development branch. It should only see non-breaking commits that do not cause mass rebuilds.
-
-### Staging branch {#submitting-changes-staging-branch}
-
-The `staging` branch is a development branch where mass-rebuilds go. It should only see non-breaking mass-rebuild commits. That means it is not to be used for testing, and changes must have been well tested already. If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages.
-
-### Staging-next branch {#submitting-changes-staging-next-branch}
-
-The `staging-next` branch is for stabilizing mass-rebuilds submitted to the `staging` branch prior to merging them into `master`. Mass-rebuilds must go via the `staging` branch. It must only see non-breaking commits that are fixing issues blocking it from being merged into the `master ` branch.
-
-If the branch is already in a broken state, please refrain from adding extra new breakages. Stabilize it for a few days and then merge into master.
-
-### Stable release branches {#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches}
-
-For cherry-picking a commit to a stable release branch (“backporting”), use `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>` so that the original commit id is included in the commit.
-
-Add a reason for the backport by using `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>` instead when it is not obvious from the original commit message. It is not needed when it's a minor version update that includes security and bug fixes but don't add new features or when the commit fixes an otherwise broken package.
-
-For backporting Pull Requests to stable branches, assign label `backport <branch>` to the original Pull Requests and automation should take care of the rest once the Pull Requests is merged.
-
-Here is an example of a cherry-picked commit message with good reason description:
-
-```
-zfs: Keep trying root import until it works
-
-Works around #11003.
-
-(cherry picked from commit 98b213a11041af39b39473906b595290e2a4e2f9)
-
-Reason: several people cannot boot with ZFS on NVMe
-```
-
-Other examples of reasons are:
-
-- Previously the build would fail due to, e.g., `getaddrinfo` not being defined
-- The previous download links were all broken
-- Crash when starting on some X11 systems
-
-#### Acceptable backport criteria
-
-The stable branch does have some changes which cannot be backported. Most notable are breaking changes. The desire is to have stable users be uninterrupted when updating packages.
-
-However, many changes are able to be backported, including:
-- New Packages / Modules
-- Security / Patch updates
-- Version updates which include new functionality (but no breaking changes)
-- Services which require a client to be up-to-date regardless. (E.g. `spotify`, `steam`, or `discord`)
-- Security critical applications (E.g. `firefox`)

doc/contributing/vulnerability-roundup.chapter.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# Vulnerability Roundup {#chap-vulnerability-roundup}
-
-## Issues {#vulnerability-roundup-issues}
-
-Vulnerable packages in Nixpkgs are managed using issues.
-Currently opened ones can be found using the following:
-
-[github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is:issue+is:open+"Vulnerability+roundup"](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+%22Vulnerability+roundup%22)
-
-Each issue correspond to a vulnerable version of a package; As a consequence:
-
-- One issue can contain several CVEs;
-- One CVE can be shared across several issues;
-- A single package can be concerned by several issues.
-
-
-A "Vulnerability roundup" issue usually respects the following format:
-
-```txt
-<link to relevant package search on search.nix.gsc.io>, <link to relevant files in Nixpkgs on GitHub>
-
-<list of related CVEs, their CVSS score, and the impacted NixOS version>
-
-<list of the scanned Nixpkgs versions>
-
-<list of relevant contributors>
-```
-
-Note that there can be an extra comment containing links to previously reported (and still open) issues for the same package.
-
-
-## Triaging and Fixing {#vulnerability-roundup-triaging-and-fixing}
-
-**Note**: An issue can be a "false positive" (i.e. automatically opened, but without the package it refers to being actually vulnerable).
-If you find such a "false positive", comment on the issue an explanation of why it falls into this category, linking as much information as the necessary to help maintainers double check.
-
-If you are investigating a "true positive":
-
-- Find the earliest patched version or a code patch in the CVE details;
-- Is the issue already patched (version up-to-date or patch applied manually) in Nixpkgs's `master` branch?
-  - **No**:
-    - [Submit a security fix](#submitting-changes-submitting-security-fixes);
-    - Once the fix is merged into `master`, [submit the change to the vulnerable release branch(es)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches);
-  - **Yes**: [Backport the change to the vulnerable release branch(es)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches).
-- When the patch has made it into all the relevant branches (`master`, and the vulnerable releases), close the relevant issue(s).

doc/cross-compilation.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="chap-cross">
+ <title>Cross-compilation</title>
+ <section xml:id="sec-cross-intro">
+  <title>Introduction</title>
+
+  <para>
+   "Cross-compilation" means compiling a program on one machine for another type of machine. For example, a typical use of cross-compilation is to compile programs for embedded devices. These devices often don't have the computing power and memory to compile their own programs. One might think that cross-compilation is a fairly niche concern. However, there are significant advantages to rigorously distinguishing between build-time and run-time environments! Significant, because the benefits apply even when one is developing and deploying on the same machine. Nixpkgs is increasingly adopting the opinion that packages should be written with cross-compilation in mind, and nixpkgs should evaluate in a similar way (by minimizing cross-compilation-specific special cases) whether or not one is cross-compiling.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   This chapter will be organized in three parts. First, it will describe the basics of how to package software in a way that supports cross-compilation. Second, it will describe how to use Nixpkgs when cross-compiling. Third, it will describe the internal infrastructure supporting cross-compilation.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+<!--============================================================-->
+ <section xml:id="sec-cross-packaging">
+  <title>Packaging in a cross-friendly manner</title>
+
+  <section xml:id="ssec-cross-platform-parameters">
+   <title>Platform parameters</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Nixpkgs follows the <link
+     xlink:href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/Configure-Terms.html">conventions of GNU autoconf</link>. We distinguish between 3 types of platforms when building a derivation: <wordasword>build</wordasword>, <wordasword>host</wordasword>, and <wordasword>target</wordasword>. In summary, <wordasword>build</wordasword> is the platform on which a package is being built, <wordasword>host</wordasword> is the platform on which it will run. The third attribute, <wordasword>target</wordasword>, is relevant only for certain specific compilers and build tools.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    In Nixpkgs, these three platforms are defined as attribute sets under the names <literal>buildPlatform</literal>, <literal>hostPlatform</literal>, and <literal>targetPlatform</literal>. They are always defined as attributes in the standard environment. That means one can access them like:
+<programlisting>{ stdenv, fooDep, barDep, .. }: ...stdenv.buildPlatform...</programlisting>
+    .
+   </para>
+
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>buildPlatform</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The "build platform" is the platform on which a package is built. Once someone has a built package, or pre-built binary package, the build platform should not matter and can be ignored.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>hostPlatform</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The "host platform" is the platform on which a package will be run. This is the simplest platform to understand, but also the one with the worst name.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>targetPlatform</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The "target platform" attribute is, unlike the other two attributes, not actually fundamental to the process of building software. Instead, it is only relevant for compatibility with building certain specific compilers and build tools. It can be safely ignored for all other packages.
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The build process of certain compilers is written in such a way that the compiler resulting from a single build can itself only produce binaries for a single platform. The task of specifying this single "target platform" is thus pushed to build time of the compiler. The root cause of this is that the compiler (which will be run on the host) and the standard library/runtime (which will be run on the target) are built by a single build process.
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       There is no fundamental need to think about a single target ahead of time like this. If the tool supports modular or pluggable backends, both the need to specify the target at build time and the constraint of having only a single target disappear. An example of such a tool is LLVM.
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Although the existence of a "target platfom" is arguably a historical mistake, it is a common one: examples of tools that suffer from it are GCC, Binutils, GHC and Autoconf. Nixpkgs tries to avoid sharing in the mistake where possible. Still, because the concept of a target platform is so ingrained, it is best to support it as is.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+
+   <para>
+    The exact schema these fields follow is a bit ill-defined due to a long and convoluted evolution, but this is slowly being cleaned up. You can see examples of ones used in practice in <literal>lib.systems.examples</literal>; note how they are not all very consistent. For now, here are few fields can count on them containing:
+   </para>
+
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>system</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is a two-component shorthand for the platform. Examples of this would be "x86_64-darwin" and "i686-linux"; see <literal>lib.systems.doubles</literal> for more. The first component corresponds to the CPU architecture of the platform and the second to the operating system of the platform (<literal>[cpu]-[os]</literal>). This format has built-in support in Nix, such as the <varname>builtins.currentSystem</varname> impure string.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>config</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is a 3- or 4- component shorthand for the platform. Examples of this would be <literal>x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</literal> and <literal>aarch64-apple-darwin14</literal>. This is a standard format called the "LLVM target triple", as they are pioneered by LLVM. In the 4-part form, this corresponds to <literal>[cpu]-[vendor]-[os]-[abi]</literal>. This format is strictly more informative than the "Nix host double", as the previous format could analogously be termed. This needs a better name than <varname>config</varname>!
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>parsed</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is a Nix representation of a parsed LLVM target triple with white-listed components. This can be specified directly, or actually parsed from the <varname>config</varname>. See <literal>lib.systems.parse</literal> for the exact representation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>libc</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is a string identifying the standard C library used. Valid identifiers include "glibc" for GNU libc, "libSystem" for Darwin's Libsystem, and "uclibc" for µClibc. It should probably be refactored to use the module system, like <varname>parse</varname>.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>is*</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       These predicates are defined in <literal>lib.systems.inspect</literal>, and slapped onto every platform. They are superior to the ones in <varname>stdenv</varname> as they force the user to be explicit about which platform they are inspecting. Please use these instead of those.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term>
+      <varname>platform</varname>
+     </term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       This is, quite frankly, a dumping ground of ad-hoc settings (it's an attribute set). See <literal>lib.systems.platforms</literal> for examples—there's hopefully one in there that will work verbatim for each platform that is working. Please help us triage these flags and give them better homes!
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="ssec-cross-dependency-categorization">
+   <title>Theory of dependency categorization</title>
+
+   <note>
+    <para>
+     This is a rather philosophical description that isn't very Nixpkgs-specific. For an overview of all the relevant attributes given to <varname>mkDerivation</varname>, see <xref
+     linkend="ssec-stdenv-dependencies"/>. For a description of how everything is implemented, see <xref linkend="ssec-cross-dependency-implementation" />.
+    </para>
+   </note>
+
+   <para>
+    In this section we explore the relationship between both runtime and build-time dependencies and the 3 Autoconf platforms.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    A run time dependency between two packages requires that their host platforms match. This is directly implied by the meaning of "host platform" and "runtime dependency": The package dependency exists while both packages are running on a single host platform.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    A build time dependency, however, has a shift in platforms between the depending package and the depended-on package. "build time dependency" means that to build the depending package we need to be able to run the depended-on's package. The depending package's build platform is therefore equal to the depended-on package's host platform.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    If both the dependency and depending packages aren't compilers or other machine-code-producing tools, we're done. And indeed <varname>buildInputs</varname> and <varname>nativeBuildInputs</varname> have covered these simpler build-time and run-time (respectively) changes for many years. But if the dependency does produce machine code, we might need to worry about its target platform too. In principle, that target platform might be any of the depending package's build, host, or target platforms, but we prohibit dependencies from a "later" platform to an earlier platform to limit confusion because we've never seen a legitimate use for them.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Finally, if the depending package is a compiler or other machine-code-producing tool, it might need dependencies that run at "emit time". This is for compilers that (regrettably) insist on being built together with their source langauges' standard libraries. Assuming build != host != target, a run-time dependency of the standard library cannot be run at the compiler's build time or run time, but only at the run time of code emitted by the compiler.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Putting this all together, that means we have dependencies in the form "host → target", in at most the following six combinations:
+    <table>
+     <caption>Possible dependency types</caption>
+     <thead>
+      <tr>
+       <th>Dependency's host platform</th>
+       <th>Dependency's target platform</th>
+      </tr>
+     </thead>
+     <tbody>
+      <tr>
+       <td>build</td>
+       <td>build</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+       <td>build</td>
+       <td>host</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+       <td>build</td>
+       <td>target</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+       <td>host</td>
+       <td>host</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+       <td>host</td>
+       <td>target</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+       <td>target</td>
+       <td>target</td>
+      </tr>
+     </tbody>
+    </table>
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Some examples will make this table clearer. Suppose there's some package that is being built with a <literal>(build, host, target)</literal> platform triple of <literal>(foo, bar, baz)</literal>. If it has a build-time library dependency, that would be a "host → build" dependency with a triple of <literal>(foo, foo, *)</literal> (the target platform is irrelevant). If it needs a compiler to be built, that would be a "build → host" dependency with a triple of <literal>(foo, foo, *)</literal> (the target platform is irrelevant). That compiler, would be built with another compiler, also "build → host" dependency, with a triple of <literal>(foo, foo, foo)</literal>.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="ssec-cross-cookbook">
+   <title>Cross packaging cookbook</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Some frequently encountered problems when packaging for cross-compilation should be answered here. Ideally, the information above is exhaustive, so this section cannot provide any new information, but it is ludicrous and cruel to expect everyone to spend effort working through the interaction of many features just to figure out the same answer to the same common problem. Feel free to add to this list!
+   </para>
+
+   <qandaset>
+    <qandaentry xml:id="cross-qa-build-c-program-in-build-environment">
+     <question>
+      <para>
+       What if my package's build system needs to build a C program to be run under the build environment?
+      </para>
+     </question>
+     <answer>
+      <para>
+<programlisting>depsBuildBuild = [ buildPackages.stdenv.cc ];</programlisting>
+       Add it to your <function>mkDerivation</function> invocation.
+      </para>
+     </answer>
+    </qandaentry>
+    <qandaentry xml:id="cross-qa-fails-to-find-ar">
+     <question>
+      <para>
+       My package fails to find <command>ar</command>.
+      </para>
+     </question>
+     <answer>
+      <para>
+       Many packages assume that an unprefixed <command>ar</command> is available, but Nix doesn't provide one. It only provides a prefixed one, just as it only does for all the other binutils programs. It may be necessary to patch the package to fix the build system to use a prefixed `ar`.
+      </para>
+     </answer>
+    </qandaentry>
+    <qandaentry xml:id="cross-testsuite-runs-host-code">
+     <question>
+      <para>
+       My package's testsuite needs to run host platform code.
+      </para>
+     </question>
+     <answer>
+      <para>
+<programlisting>doCheck = stdenv.hostPlatform != stdenv.buildPlatfrom;</programlisting>
+       Add it to your <function>mkDerivation</function> invocation.
+      </para>
+     </answer>
+    </qandaentry>
+   </qandaset>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+<!--============================================================-->
+ <section xml:id="sec-cross-usage">
+  <title>Cross-building packages</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Nixpkgs can be instantiated with <varname>localSystem</varname> alone, in which case there is no cross-compiling and everything is built by and for that system, or also with <varname>crossSystem</varname>, in which case packages run on the latter, but all building happens on the former. Both parameters take the same schema as the 3 (build, host, and target) platforms defined in the previous section. As mentioned above, <literal>lib.systems.examples</literal> has some platforms which are used as arguments for these parameters in practice. You can use them programmatically, or on the command line:
+<programlisting>
+nix-build &lt;nixpkgs&gt; --arg crossSystem '(import &lt;nixpkgs/lib&gt;).systems.examples.fooBarBaz' -A whatever</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    Eventually we would like to make these platform examples an unnecessary convenience so that
+<programlisting>
+nix-build &lt;nixpkgs&gt; --arg crossSystem '{ config = "&lt;arch&gt;-&lt;os&gt;-&lt;vendor&gt;-&lt;abi&gt;"; }' -A whatever</programlisting>
+    works in the vast majority of cases. The problem today is dependencies on other sorts of configuration which aren't given proper defaults. We rely on the examples to crudely to set those configuration parameters in some vaguely sane manner on the users behalf. Issue <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/34274">#34274</link> tracks this inconvenience along with its root cause in crufty configuration options.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   While one is free to pass both parameters in full, there's a lot of logic to fill in missing fields. As discussed in the previous section, only one of <varname>system</varname>, <varname>config</varname>, and <varname>parsed</varname> is needed to infer the other two. Additionally, <varname>libc</varname> will be inferred from <varname>parse</varname>. Finally, <literal>localSystem.system</literal> is also <emphasis>impurely</emphasis> inferred based on the platform evaluation occurs. This means it is often not necessary to pass <varname>localSystem</varname> at all, as in the command-line example in the previous paragraph.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    Many sources (manual, wiki, etc) probably mention passing <varname>system</varname>, <varname>platform</varname>, along with the optional <varname>crossSystem</varname> to nixpkgs: <literal>import &lt;nixpkgs&gt; { system = ..; platform = ..; crossSystem = ..; }</literal>. Passing those two instead of <varname>localSystem</varname> is still supported for compatibility, but is discouraged. Indeed, much of the inference we do for these parameters is motivated by compatibility as much as convenience.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   One would think that <varname>localSystem</varname> and <varname>crossSystem</varname> overlap horribly with the three <varname>*Platforms</varname> (<varname>buildPlatform</varname>, <varname>hostPlatform,</varname> and <varname>targetPlatform</varname>; see <varname>stage.nix</varname> or the manual). Actually, those identifiers are purposefully not used here to draw a subtle but important distinction: While the granularity of having 3 platforms is necessary to properly *build* packages, it is overkill for specifying the user's *intent* when making a build plan or package set. A simple "build vs deploy" dichotomy is adequate: the sliding window principle described in the previous section shows how to interpolate between the these two "end points" to get the 3 platform triple for each bootstrapping stage. That means for any package a given package set, even those not bound on the top level but only reachable via dependencies or <varname>buildPackages</varname>, the three platforms will be defined as one of <varname>localSystem</varname> or <varname>crossSystem</varname>, with the former replacing the latter as one traverses build-time dependencies. A last simple difference is that <varname>crossSystem</varname> should be null when one doesn't want to cross-compile, while the <varname>*Platform</varname>s are always non-null. <varname>localSystem</varname> is always non-null.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+<!--============================================================-->
+ <section xml:id="sec-cross-infra">
+  <title>Cross-compilation infrastructure</title>
+
+  <section xml:id="ssec-cross-dependency-implementation">
+   <title>Implementation of dependencies</title>
+
+   <para>
+    The categorizes of dependencies developed in <xref
+    linkend="ssec-cross-dependency-categorization"/> are specified as lists of derivations given to <varname>mkDerivation</varname>, as documented in <xref linkend="ssec-stdenv-dependencies"/>. In short, each list of dependencies for "host → target" of "foo → bar" is called <varname>depsFooBar</varname>, with exceptions for backwards compatibility that <varname>depsBuildHost</varname> is instead called <varname>nativeBuildInputs</varname> and <varname>depsHostTarget</varname> is instead called <varname>buildInputs</varname>. Nixpkgs is now structured so that each <varname>depsFooBar</varname> is automatically taken from <varname>pkgsFooBar</varname>. (These <varname>pkgsFooBar</varname>s are quite new, so there is no special case for <varname>nativeBuildInputs</varname> and <varname>buildInputs</varname>.) For example, <varname>pkgsBuildHost.gcc</varname> should be used at build-time, while <varname>pkgsHostTarget.gcc</varname> should be used at run-time.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Now, for most of Nixpkgs's history, there were no <varname>pkgsFooBar</varname> attributes, and most packages have not been refactored to use it explicitly. Prior to those, there were just <varname>buildPackages</varname>, <varname>pkgs</varname>, and <varname>targetPackages</varname>. Those are now redefined as aliases to <varname>pkgsBuildHost</varname>, <varname>pkgsHostTarget</varname>, and <varname>pkgsTargetTarget</varname>. It is acceptable, even recommended, to use them for libraries to show that the host platform is irrelevant.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    But before that, there was just <varname>pkgs</varname>, even though both <varname>buildInputs</varname> and <varname>nativeBuildInputs</varname> existed. [Cross barely worked, and those were implemented with some hacks on <varname>mkDerivation</varname> to override dependencies.] What this means is the vast majority of packages do not use any explicit package set to populate their dependencies, just using whatever <varname>callPackage</varname> gives them even if they do correctly sort their dependencies into the multiple lists described above. And indeed, asking that users both sort their dependencies, <emphasis>and</emphasis> take them from the right attribute set, is both too onerous and redundant, so the recommended approach (for now) is to continue just categorizing by list and not using an explicit package set.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    To make this work, we "splice" together the six <varname>pkgsFooBar</varname> package sets and have <varname>callPackage</varname> actually take its arguments from that. This is currently implemented in <filename>pkgs/top-level/splice.nix</filename>. <varname>mkDerivation</varname> then, for each dependency attribute, pulls the right derivation out from the splice. This splicing can be skipped when not cross-compiling as the package sets are the same, but still is a bit slow for cross-compiling. We'd like to do something better, but haven't come up with anything yet.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="ssec-bootstrapping">
+   <title>Bootstrapping</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Each of the package sets described above come from a single bootstrapping stage. While <filename>pkgs/top-level/default.nix</filename>, coordinates the composition of stages at a high level, <filename>pkgs/top-level/stage.nix</filename> "ties the knot" (creates the fixed point) of each stage. The package sets are defined per-stage however, so they can be thought of as edges between stages (the nodes) in a graph. Compositions like <literal>pkgsBuildTarget.targetPackages</literal> can be thought of as paths to this graph.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    While there are many package sets, and thus many edges, the stages can also be arranged in a linear chain. In other words, many of the edges are redundant as far as connectivity is concerned. This hinges on the type of bootstrapping we do. Currently for cross it is:
+    <orderedlist>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>(native, native, native)</literal>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>(native, native, foreign)</literal>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       <literal>(native, foreign, foreign)</literal>
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </orderedlist>
+    In each stage, <varname>pkgsBuildHost</varname> refers the the previous stage, <varname>pkgsBuildBuild</varname> refers to the one before that, and <varname>pkgsHostTarget</varname> refers to the current one, and <varname>pkgsTargetTarget</varname> refers to the next one. When there is no previous or next stage, they instead refer to the current stage. Note how all the invariants regarding the mapping between dependency and depending packages' build host and target platforms are preserved. <varname>pkgsBuildTarget</varname> and <varname>pkgsHostHost</varname> are more complex in that the stage fitting the requirements isn't always a fixed chain of "prevs" and "nexts" away (modulo the "saturating" self-references at the ends). We just special case each instead. All the primary edges are implemented is in <filename>pkgs/stdenv/booter.nix</filename>, and secondarily aliases in <filename>pkgs/top-level/stage.nix</filename>.
+   </para>
+
+   <note>
+    <para>
+     Note the native stages are bootstrapped in legacy ways that predate the current cross implementation. This is why the the bootstrapping stages leading up to the final stages are ignored inthe previous paragraph.
+    </para>
+   </note>
+
+   <para>
+    If one looks at the 3 platform triples, one can see that they overlap such that one could put them together into a chain like:
+<programlisting>
+(native, native, native, foreign, foreign)
+</programlisting>
+    If one imagines the saturating self references at the end being replaced with infinite stages, and then overlays those platform triples, one ends up with the infinite tuple:
+<programlisting>
+(native..., native, native, native, foreign, foreign, foreign...)
+</programlisting>
+    On can then imagine any sequence of platforms such that there are bootstrap stages with their 3 platforms determined by "sliding a window" that is the 3 tuple through the sequence. This was the original model for bootstrapping. Without a target platform (assume a better world where all compilers are multi-target and all standard libraries are built in their own derivation), this is sufficient. Conversely if one wishes to cross compile "faster", with a "Canadian Cross" bootstraping stage where <literal>build != host != target</literal>, more bootstrapping stages are needed since no sliding window providess the pesky <varname>pkgsBuildTarget</varname> package set since it skips the Canadian cross stage's "host".
+   </para>
+
+   <note>
+    <para>
+     It is much better to refer to <varname>buildPackages</varname> than <varname>targetPackages</varname>, or more broadly package sets that do not mention "target". There are three reasons for this.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     First, it is because bootstrapping stages do not have a unique <varname>targetPackages</varname>. For example a <literal>(x86-linux, x86-linux, arm-linux)</literal> and <literal>(x86-linux, x86-linux, x86-windows)</literal> package set both have a <literal>(x86-linux, x86-linux, x86-linux)</literal> package set. Because there is no canonical <varname>targetPackages</varname> for such a native (<literal>build == host == target</literal>) package set, we set their <varname>targetPackages</varname>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Second, it is because this is a frequent source of hard-to-follow "infinite recursions" / cycles. When only package sets that don't mention target are used, the package set forms a directed acyclic graph. This means that all cycles that exist are confined to one stage. This means they are a lot smaller, and easier to follow in the code or a backtrace. It also means they are present in native and cross builds alike, and so more likely to be caught by CI and other users.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+     Thirdly, it is because everything target-mentioning only exists to accommodate compilers with lousy build systems that insist on the compiler itself and standard library being built together. Of course that is bad because bigger derivations means longer rebuilds. It is also problematic because it tends to make the standard libraries less like other libraries than they could be, complicating code and build systems alike. Because of the other problems, and because of these innate disadvantages, compilers ought to be packaged another way where possible.
+    </para>
+   </note>
+
+   <note>
+    <para>
+     If one explores Nixpkgs, they will see derivations with names like <literal>gccCross</literal>. Such <literal>*Cross</literal> derivations is a holdover from before we properly distinguished between the host and target platforms—the derivation with "Cross" in the name covered the <literal>build = host != target</literal> case, while the other covered the <literal>host = target</literal>, with build platform the same or not based on whether one was using its <literal>.nativeDrv</literal> or <literal>.crossDrv</literal>. This ugliness will disappear soon.
+    </para>
+   </note>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>

doc/default.nix

@@ -5,17 +5,9 @@ let
 in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
   name = "nixpkgs-manual";
 
-  nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
-    pandoc
-    graphviz
-    libxml2
-    libxslt
-    zip
-    jing
-    xmlformat
-  ];
+  buildInputs = with pkgs; [ pandoc libxml2 libxslt zip jing  xmlformat ];
 
-  src = lib.cleanSource ./.;
+  src = ./.;
 
   postPatch = ''
     ln -s ${doc-support} ./doc-support/result
@@ -33,7 +25,4 @@ in pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
     echo "doc manual $dest manual.html" >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
     echo "doc manual $dest nixpkgs-manual.epub" >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
   '';
-
-  # Environment variables
-  PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR = "${pkgs.pandoc-lua-filters}/share/pandoc/filters";
 }

doc/doc-support/lib-function-docs.nix

@@ -22,6 +22,5 @@ with pkgs; stdenv.mkDerivation {
     docgen lists 'List manipulation functions'
     docgen debug 'Debugging functions'
     docgen options 'NixOS / nixpkgs option handling'
-    docgen sources 'Source filtering functions'
   '';
 }

doc/doc-support/parameters.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  <xsl:param name="html.script" select="'./highlightjs/highlight.pack.js ./highlightjs/loader.js'" />
  <xsl:param name="xref.with.number.and.title" select="1" />
  <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1" />
- <xsl:param name="toc.section.depth" select="0" />
+ <xsl:param name="toc.section.depth" select="3" />
  <xsl:param name="admon.style" select="''" />
  <xsl:param name="callout.graphics.extension" select="'.svg'" />
 </xsl:stylesheet>

doc/functions.xml

@@ -7,8 +7,17 @@
   The nixpkgs repository has several utility functions to manipulate Nix expressions.
  </para>
  <xi:include href="functions/library.xml" />
- <xi:include href="functions/generators.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="functions/debug.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="functions/prefer-remote-fetch.section.xml" />
- <xi:include href="functions/nix-gitignore.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/overrides.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/generators.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/debug.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/fetchers.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/trivial-builders.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/fhs-environments.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/shell.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/dockertools.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/snaptools.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/appimagetools.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/prefer-remote-fetch.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/nix-gitignore.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="functions/ocitools.xml" />
 </chapter>

doc/functions/appimagetools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-appimageTools">
+ <title>pkgs.appimageTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.appimageTools</varname> is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping <link xlink:href="https://appimage.org/">AppImage</link> files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, <literal>pkgs.appimage-run</literal> can be used as well.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+  <para>
+   The <varname>appimageTools</varname> API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
+  </para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats">
+  <title>AppImage formats</title>
+
+  <para>
+   There are different formats for AppImages, see <link xlink:href="https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format">the specification</link> for details.
+  </para>
+
+  <itemizedlist>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
+  <para>
+   They can be told apart with <command>file -k</command>:
+  </para>
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>file -k type1.AppImage
+type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
+spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
+
+<prompt>$ </prompt>file -k type2.AppImage
+type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
+</screen>
+
+  <para>
+   Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an <literal>ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem</literal>, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping">
+  <title>Wrapping</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use <varname>wrapType1</varname> or <varname>wrapType2</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting>
+appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
+  name = "patchwork"; <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-1' />
+  src = fetchurl { <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2' />
+    url = https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage;
+    sha256 =  "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
+  };
+  extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ]; <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-3' />
+}</programlisting>
+
+  <calloutlist>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-1'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>name</varname> specifies the name of the resulting image.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>src</varname> specifies the AppImage file to extract.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>extraPkgs</varname> allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
+     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running <command>patchelf</command> and <command>ldd</command> on its executables. This can also be done in <command>appimage-run</command>, by setting <command>APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash</command>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Running <command>strace -vfefile</command> on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+  </calloutlist>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/functions/debug.section.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Debugging Nix Expressions {#sec-debug}
-
-Nix is a unityped, dynamic language, this means every value can potentially appear anywhere. Since it is also non-strict, evaluation order and what ultimately is evaluated might surprise you. Therefore it is important to be able to debug nix expressions.
-
-In the `lib/debug.nix` file you will find a number of functions that help (pretty-)printing values while evaluation is running. You can even specify how deep these values should be printed recursively, and transform them on the fly. Please consult the docstrings in `lib/debug.nix` for usage information.

doc/functions/debug.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-debug">
+ <title>Debugging Nix Expressions</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Nix is a unityped, dynamic language, this means every value can potentially appear anywhere. Since it is also non-strict, evaluation order and what ultimately is evaluated might surprise you. Therefore it is important to be able to debug nix expressions.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  In the <literal>lib/debug.nix</literal> file you will find a number of functions that help (pretty-)printing values while evaluation is runnnig. You can even specify how deep these values should be printed recursively, and transform them on the fly. Please consult the docstrings in <literal>lib/debug.nix</literal> for usage information.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/functions/dockertools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-dockerTools">
+ <title>pkgs.dockerTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.dockerTools</varname> is a set of functions for creating and manipulating Docker images according to the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#docker-image-specification-v120"> Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 </link>. Docker itself is not used to perform any of the operations done by these functions.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+  <para>
+   The <varname>dockerTools</varname> API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
+  </para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage">
+  <title>buildImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function is analogous to the <command>docker build</command> command, in that it can be used to build a Docker-compatible repository tarball containing a single image with one or multiple layers. As such, the result is suitable for being loaded in Docker with <command>docker load</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters of <varname>buildImage</varname> with relative example values are described below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage'>
+   <title>Docker build</title>
+<programlisting>
+buildImage {
+  name = "redis"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-1' />
+  tag = "latest"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-2' />
+
+  fromImage = someBaseImage; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-3' />
+  fromImageName = null; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-4' />
+  fromImageTag = "latest"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-5' />
+
+  contents = pkgs.redis; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-6' />
+  runAsRoot = '' <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot' />
+    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
+    mkdir -p /data
+  '';
+
+  config = { <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-8' />
+    Cmd = [ "/bin/redis-server" ];
+    WorkingDir = "/data";
+    Volumes = {
+      "/data" = {};
+    };
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   The above example will build a Docker image <literal>redis/latest</literal> from the given base image. Loading and running this image in Docker results in <literal>redis-server</literal> being started automatically.
+  </para>
+
+  <calloutlist>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-1'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>name</varname> specifies the name of the resulting image. This is the only required argument for <varname>buildImage</varname>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>tag</varname> specifies the tag of the resulting image. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, which indicates that the nix output hash will be used as tag.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-3'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>fromImage</varname> is the repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as exported by <command>docker save</command>. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, which can be seen as equivalent to <literal>FROM scratch</literal> of a <filename>Dockerfile</filename>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-4'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>fromImageName</varname> can be used to further specify the base image within the repository, in case it contains multiple images. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, in which case <varname>buildImage</varname> will peek the first image available in the repository.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-5'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>fromImageTag</varname> can be used to further specify the tag of the base image within the repository, in case an image contains multiple tags. By default it's <literal>null</literal>, in which case <varname>buildImage</varname> will peek the first tag available for the base image.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-6'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>contents</varname> is a derivation that will be copied in the new layer of the resulting image. This can be similarly seen as <command>ADD contents/ /</command> in a <filename>Dockerfile</filename>. By default it's <literal>null</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>runAsRoot</varname> is a bash script that will run as root in an environment that overlays the existing layers of the base image with the new resulting layer, including the previously copied <varname>contents</varname> derivation. This can be similarly seen as <command>RUN ...</command> in a <filename>Dockerfile</filename>.
+     <note>
+      <para>
+       Using this parameter requires the <literal>kvm</literal> device to be available.
+      </para>
+     </note>
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-8'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>config</varname> is used to specify the configuration of the containers that will be started off the built image in Docker. The available options are listed in the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions"> Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 </link>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+  </calloutlist>
+
+  <para>
+   After the new layer has been created, its closure (to which <varname>contents</varname>, <varname>config</varname> and <varname>runAsRoot</varname> contribute) will be copied in the layer itself. Only new dependencies that are not already in the existing layers will be copied.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   At the end of the process, only one new single layer will be produced and added to the resulting image.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The resulting repository will only list the single image <varname>image/tag</varname>. In the case of <xref linkend='ex-dockerTools-buildImage'/> it would be <varname>redis/latest</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   It is possible to inspect the arguments with which an image was built using its <varname>buildArgs</varname> attribute.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    If you see errors similar to <literal>getProtocolByName: does not exist (no such protocol name: tcp)</literal> you may need to add <literal>pkgs.iana-etc</literal> to <varname>contents</varname>.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    If you see errors similar to <literal>Error_Protocol ("certificate has unknown CA",True,UnknownCa)</literal> you may need to add <literal>pkgs.cacert</literal> to <varname>contents</varname>.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <example xml:id="example-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage-creation-date">
+   <title>Impurely Defining a Docker Layer's Creation Date</title>
+   <para>
+    By default <function>buildImage</function> will use a static date of one second past the UNIX Epoch. This allows <function>buildImage</function> to produce binary reproducible images. When listing images with <command>docker images</command>, the newly created images will be listed like this:
+   </para>
+<screen><![CDATA[
+$ docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
+hello        latest   08c791c7846e   48 years ago   25.2MB
+]]></screen>
+   <para>
+    You can break binary reproducibility but have a sorted, meaningful <literal>CREATED</literal> column by setting <literal>created</literal> to <literal>now</literal>.
+   </para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  tag = "latest";
+  created = "now";
+  contents = pkgs.hello;
+
+  config.Cmd = [ "/bin/hello" ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+   <para>
+    and now the Docker CLI will display a reasonable date and sort the images as expected:
+<screen><![CDATA[
+$ docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
+hello        latest   de2bf4786de6   About a minute ago   25.2MB
+]]></screen>
+    however, the produced images will not be binary reproducible.
+   </para>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildLayeredImage">
+  <title>buildLayeredImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Create a Docker image with many of the store paths being on their own layer to improve sharing between images.
+  </para>
+
+  <variablelist>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>name</varname>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of the resulting image.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>tag</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Tag of the generated image.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> the output path's hash
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>contents</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Top level paths in the container. Either a single derivation, or a list of derivations.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>[]</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>config</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Run-time configuration of the container. A full list of the options are available at in the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions"> Docker Image Specification v1.2.0 </link>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>{}</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>created</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Date and time the layers were created. Follows the same <literal>now</literal> exception supported by <literal>buildImage</literal>.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>1970-01-01T00:00:01Z</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>maxLayers</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Maximum number of layers to create.
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Default:</emphasis> <literal>100</literal>
+     </para>
+     <para>
+      <emphasis>Maximum:</emphasis> <literal>125</literal>
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term>
+     <varname>extraCommands</varname> <emphasis>optional</emphasis>
+    </term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Shell commands to run while building the final layer, without access to most of the layer contents. Changes to this layer are "on top" of all the other layers, so can create additional directories and files.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+  </variablelist>
+
+  <section xml:id="dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-contents">
+   <title>Behavior of <varname>contents</varname> in the final image</title>
+
+   <para>
+    Each path directly listed in <varname>contents</varname> will have a symlink in the root of the image.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    For example:
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+    will create symlinks for all the paths in the <literal>hello</literal> package:
+<screen><![CDATA[
+/bin/hello -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/bin/hello
+/share/info/hello.info -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/info/hello.info
+/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo
+]]></screen>
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-config">
+   <title>Automatic inclusion of <varname>config</varname> references</title>
+
+   <para>
+    The closure of <varname>config</varname> is automatically included in the closure of the final image.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    This allows you to make very simple Docker images with very little code. This container will start up and run <command>hello</command>:
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  config.Cmd = [ "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello" ];
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+   </para>
+  </section>
+
+  <section xml:id="dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-maxLayers">
+   <title>Adjusting <varname>maxLayers</varname></title>
+
+   <para>
+    Increasing the <varname>maxLayers</varname> increases the number of layers which have a chance to be shared between different images.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Modern Docker installations support up to 128 layers, however older versions support as few as 42.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    If the produced image will not be extended by other Docker builds, it is safe to set <varname>maxLayers</varname> to <literal>128</literal>. However it will be impossible to extend the image further.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    The first (<literal>maxLayers-2</literal>) most "popular" paths will have their own individual layers, then layer #<literal>maxLayers-1</literal> will contain all the remaining "unpopular" paths, and finally layer #<literal>maxLayers</literal> will contain the Image configuration.
+   </para>
+
+   <para>
+    Docker's Layers are not inherently ordered, they are content-addressable and are not explicitly layered until they are composed in to an Image.
+   </para>
+  </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-fetchFromRegistry">
+  <title>pullImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function is analogous to the <command>docker pull</command> command, in that it can be used to pull a Docker image from a Docker registry. By default <link xlink:href="https://hub.docker.com/">Docker Hub</link> is used to pull images.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Its parameters are described in the example below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage'>
+   <title>Docker pull</title>
+<programlisting>
+pullImage {
+  imageName = "nixos/nix"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-1' />
+  imageDigest = "sha256:20d9485b25ecfd89204e843a962c1bd70e9cc6858d65d7f5fadc340246e2116b"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-2' />
+  finalImageName = "nix"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-3' />
+  finalImageTag = "1.11";  <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-4' />
+  sha256 = "0mqjy3zq2v6rrhizgb9nvhczl87lcfphq9601wcprdika2jz7qh8"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-5' />
+  os = "linux"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-6' />
+  arch = "x86_64"; <co xml:id='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-7' />
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <calloutlist>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-1'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>imageName</varname> specifies the name of the image to be downloaded, which can also include the registry namespace (e.g. <literal>nixos</literal>). This argument is required.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-2'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>imageDigest</varname> specifies the digest of the image to be downloaded. This argument is required.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-3'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>finalImageName</varname>, if specified, this is the name of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's equal to <varname>imageName</varname>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-4'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>finalImageTag</varname>, if specified, this is the tag of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's <literal>latest</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-5'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>sha256</varname> is the checksum of the whole fetched image. This argument is required.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-6'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>os</varname>, if specified, is the operating system of the fetched image. By default it's <literal>linux</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+   <callout arearefs='ex-dockerTools-pullImage-7'>
+    <para>
+     <varname>arch</varname>, if specified, is the cpu architecture of the fetched image. By default it's <literal>x86_64</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </callout>
+  </calloutlist>
+
+  <para>
+   <literal>nix-prefetch-docker</literal> command can be used to get required image parameters:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix run nixpkgs.nix-prefetch-docker -c nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5
+</screen>
+   Since a given <varname>imageName</varname> may transparently refer to a manifest list of images which support multiple architectures and/or operating systems, you can supply the <option>--os</option> and <option>--arch</option> arguments to specify exactly which image you want. By default it will match the OS and architecture of the host the command is run on.
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --arch x86_64 --os linux
+</screen>
+   Desired image name and tag can be set using <option>--final-image-name</option> and <option>--final-image-tag</option> arguments:
+<screen>
+<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --final-image-name eu.gcr.io/my-project/mysql --final-image-tag prod
+</screen>
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-exportImage">
+  <title>exportImage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function is analogous to the <command>docker export</command> command, in that it can be used to flatten a Docker image that contains multiple layers. It is in fact the result of the merge of all the layers of the image. As such, the result is suitable for being imported in Docker with <command>docker import</command>.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    Using this function requires the <literal>kvm</literal> device to be available.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters of <varname>exportImage</varname> are the following:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-exportImage'>
+   <title>Docker export</title>
+<programlisting>
+exportImage {
+  fromImage = someLayeredImage;
+  fromImageName = null;
+  fromImageTag = null;
+
+  name = someLayeredImage.name;
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters relative to the base image have the same synopsis as described in <xref linkend='ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage'/>, except that <varname>fromImage</varname> is the only required argument in this case.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The <varname>name</varname> argument is the name of the derivation output, which defaults to <varname>fromImage.name</varname>.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-shadowSetup">
+  <title>shadowSetup</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This constant string is a helper for setting up the base files for managing users and groups, only if such files don't exist already. It is suitable for being used in a <varname>runAsRoot</varname> <xref linkend='ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot'/> script for cases like in the example below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-dockerTools-shadowSetup'>
+   <title>Shadow base files</title>
+<programlisting>
+buildImage {
+  name = "shadow-basic";
+
+  runAsRoot = ''
+    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
+    ${shadowSetup}
+    groupadd -r redis
+    useradd -r -g redis redis
+    mkdir /data
+    chown redis:redis /data
+  '';
+}
+</programlisting>
+  </example>
+
+  <para>
+   Creating base files like <literal>/etc/passwd</literal> or <literal>/etc/login.defs</literal> is necessary for shadow-utils to manipulate users and groups.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/functions/fetchers.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-fetchers">
+ <title>Fetcher functions</title>
+
+ <para>
+  When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other files from the internet. Nixpkgs comes with a few helper functions that allow you to fetch fixed-output derivations in a structured way.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  The two fetcher primitives are <function>fetchurl</function> and <function>fetchzip</function>. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically <literal>sha256</literal>, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use <literal>sha256</literal>. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of fetchurl is provided below.
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  name = "hello";
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
+    sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
+  };
+}
+]]></programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+  The main difference between <function>fetchurl</function> and <function>fetchzip</function> is in how they store the contents. <function>fetchurl</function> will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. <function>fetchzip</function> on the other hand will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. <function>fetchzip</function> can only be used with archives. Despite the name, <function>fetchzip</function> is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  <function>fetchpatch</function> works very similarly to <function>fetchurl</function> with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Other fetcher functions allow you to add source code directly from a VCS such as subversion or git. These are mostly straightforward names based on the name of the command used with the VCS system. Because they give you a working repository, they act most like <function>fetchzip</function>.
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchsvn</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Subversion. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Subversion directory, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchgit</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Git. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Git repo, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>. <literal>rev</literal> in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like <literal>refs/tags/v1.0</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchfossil</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Fossil. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Fossil archive, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchcvs</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with CVS. Expects <literal>cvsRoot</literal>, <literal>tag</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchhg</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Used with Mercurial. Expects <literal>url</literal>, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>
+  A number of fetcher functions wrap part of <function>fetchurl</function> and <function>fetchzip</function>. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromGitHub</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     <function>fetchFromGitHub</function> expects four arguments. <literal>owner</literal> is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. <literal>repo</literal> corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as <literal>owner</literal>/<literal>repo</literal>. <literal>rev</literal> corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g <literal>v1.0</literal>) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, <literal>sha256</literal> corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but <literal>sha256</literal> is currently preferred.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromGitLab</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromBitbucket</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromSavannah</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>fetchFromRepoOrCz</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</section>

doc/functions/fhs-environments.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-fhs-environments">
+ <title>buildFHSUserEnv</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <function>buildFHSUserEnv</function> provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root with bound <filename>/nix/store</filename>, so its footprint in terms of disk space needed is quite small. This allows one to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS -- 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries. It uses Linux namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without root user rights requirement. Accepted arguments are:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>name</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Environment name.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>targetPkgs</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>multiPkgs</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraBuildCommands</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraBuildCommandsMulti</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Like <literal>extraBuildCommands</literal>, but executed only on multilib architectures.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraOutputsToInstall</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>extraInstallCommands</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+  <varlistentry>
+   <term>
+    <literal>runScript</literal>
+   </term>
+   <listitem>
+    <para>
+     A command that would be executed inside the sandbox and passed all the command line arguments. It defaults to <literal>bash</literal>.
+    </para>
+   </listitem>
+  </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>
+  One can create a simple environment using a <literal>shell.nix</literal> like that:
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+
+(pkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
+  name = "simple-x11-env";
+  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
+    [ udev
+      alsaLib
+    ]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg;
+    [ libX11
+      libXcursor
+      libXrandr
+    ]);
+  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
+    [ udev
+      alsaLib
+    ]);
+  runScript = "bash";
+}).env
+]]></programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+  Running <literal>nix-shell</literal> would then drop you into a shell with these libraries and binaries available. You can use this to run closed-source applications which expect FHS structure without hassles: simply change <literal>runScript</literal> to the application path, e.g. <filename>./bin/start.sh</filename> -- relative paths are supported.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/functions/generators.section.md

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# Generators {#sec-generators}
-Generators are functions that create file formats from nix data structures, e. g. for configuration files. There are generators available for: `INI`, `JSON` and `YAML`
-
-All generators follow a similar call interface: `generatorName configFunctions data`, where `configFunctions` is an attrset of user-defined functions that format nested parts of the content. They each have common defaults, so often they do not need to be set manually. An example is `mkSectionName ? (name: libStr.escape [ "[" "]" ] name)` from the `INI` generator. It receives the name of a section and sanitizes it. The default `mkSectionName` escapes `[` and `]` with a backslash.
-
-Generators can be fine-tuned to produce exactly the file format required by your application/service. One example is an INI-file format which uses `: ` as separator, the strings `"yes"`/`"no"` as boolean values and requires all string values to be quoted:
-
-```nix
-with lib;
-let
-  customToINI = generators.toINI {
-    # specifies how to format a key/value pair
-    mkKeyValue = generators.mkKeyValueDefault {
-      # specifies the generated string for a subset of nix values
-      mkValueString = v:
-             if v == true then ''"yes"''
-        else if v == false then ''"no"''
-        else if isString v then ''"${v}"''
-        # and delegats all other values to the default generator
-        else generators.mkValueStringDefault {} v;
-    } ":";
-  };
-
-# the INI file can now be given as plain old nix values
-in customToINI {
-  main = {
-    pushinfo = true;
-    autopush = false;
-    host = "localhost";
-    port = 42;
-  };
-  mergetool = {
-    merge = "diff3";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-This will produce the following INI file as nix string:
-
-```INI
-[main]
-autopush:"no"
-host:"localhost"
-port:42
-pushinfo:"yes"
-str\:ange:"very::strange"
-
-[mergetool]
-merge:"diff3"
-```
-
-::: {.note}
-Nix store paths can be converted to strings by enclosing a derivation attribute like so: `"${drv}"`.
-:::
-
-Detailed documentation for each generator can be found in `lib/generators.nix`.

doc/functions/generators.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-generators">
+ <title>Generators</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Generators are functions that create file formats from nix data structures, e. g. for configuration files. There are generators available for: <literal>INI</literal>, <literal>JSON</literal> and <literal>YAML</literal>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  All generators follow a similar call interface: <code>generatorName configFunctions data</code>, where <literal>configFunctions</literal> is an attrset of user-defined functions that format nested parts of the content. They each have common defaults, so often they do not need to be set manually. An example is <code>mkSectionName ? (name: libStr.escape [ "[" "]" ] name)</code> from the <literal>INI</literal> generator. It receives the name of a section and sanitizes it. The default <literal>mkSectionName</literal> escapes <literal>[</literal> and <literal>]</literal> with a backslash.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Generators can be fine-tuned to produce exactly the file format required by your application/service. One example is an INI-file format which uses <literal>: </literal> as separator, the strings <literal>"yes"</literal>/<literal>"no"</literal> as boolean values and requires all string values to be quoted:
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting>
+with lib;
+let
+  customToINI = generators.toINI {
+    # specifies how to format a key/value pair
+    mkKeyValue = generators.mkKeyValueDefault {
+      # specifies the generated string for a subset of nix values
+      mkValueString = v:
+             if v == true then ''"yes"''
+        else if v == false then ''"no"''
+        else if isString v then ''"${v}"''
+        # and delegats all other values to the default generator
+        else generators.mkValueStringDefault {} v;
+    } ":";
+  };
+
+# the INI file can now be given as plain old nix values
+in customToINI {
+  main = {
+    pushinfo = true;
+    autopush = false;
+    host = "localhost";
+    port = 42;
+  };
+  mergetool = {
+    merge = "diff3";
+  };
+}
+</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+  This will produce the following INI file as nix string:
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting>
+[main]
+autopush:"no"
+host:"localhost"
+port:42
+pushinfo:"yes"
+str\:ange:"very::strange"
+
+[mergetool]
+merge:"diff3"
+</programlisting>
+
+ <note>
+  <para>
+   Nix store paths can be converted to strings by enclosing a derivation attribute like so: <code>"${drv}"</code>.
+  </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+  Detailed documentation for each generator can be found in <literal>lib/generators.nix</literal>.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/functions/library.xml

@@ -25,6 +25,4 @@
  <xi:include href="./library/generated/debug.xml" />
 
  <xi:include href="./library/generated/options.xml" />
-
- <xi:include href="./library/generated/sources.xml" />
 </section>

doc/functions/library/asserts.xml

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ stderr> assert failed
    <title>Ensuring a user provided a possible value</title>
 <programlisting><![CDATA[
 let sslLibrary = "bearssl";
-in lib.asserts.assertOneOf "sslLibrary" sslLibrary [ "openssl" "libressl" ];
+in lib.asserts.assertOneOf "sslLibrary" sslLibrary [ "openssl" "bearssl" ];
 => false
 stderr> trace: sslLibrary must be one of "openssl", "libressl", but is: "bearssl"
         ]]></programlisting>

doc/functions/library/attrsets.xml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  <section xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.attrByPath">
   <title><function>lib.attrset.attrByPath</function></title>
 
-  <subtitle><literal>attrByPath :: [String] -> Any -> AttrSet -> Any</literal>
+  <subtitle><literal>attrByPath :: [String] -> Any -> AttrSet</literal>
   </subtitle>
 
   <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.attrByPath" />
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ lib.attrsets.attrValues { a = 1; b = 2; c = 3; }
  <section xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.catAttrs">
   <title><function>lib.attrsets.catAttrs</function></title>
 
-  <subtitle><literal>catAttrs :: String -> [AttrSet] -> [Any]</literal>
+  <subtitle><literal>catAttrs :: String -> AttrSet -> [Any]</literal>
   </subtitle>
 
   <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.catAttrs" />
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ nameValuePair "some" 6
    <title>Modifying each value of an attribute set</title>
 <programlisting><![CDATA[
 lib.attrsets.mapAttrs
-  (name: value: name + "-" + value)
+  (name: value: name + "-" value)
   { x = "foo"; y = "bar"; }
 => { x = "x-foo"; y = "y-bar"; }
 ]]></programlisting>
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ lib.attrsets.mapAttrs' (name: value: lib.attrsets.nameValuePair ("foo_" + name)
   <title><function>lib.attrsets.mapAttrsToList</function></title>
 
   <subtitle><literal>mapAttrsToList :: (String -> Any -> Any) ->
-   AttrSet -> [Any]</literal>
+   AttrSet -> Any</literal>
   </subtitle>
 
   <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.mapAttrsToList" />
@@ -1664,87 +1664,6 @@ recursiveUpdate
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
   boot.loader.grub.device = "";
 }
-]]></programlisting>
-  </example>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.recurseIntoAttrs">
-  <title><function>lib.attrsets.recurseIntoAttrs</function></title>
-
-  <subtitle><literal>recurseIntoAttrs :: AttrSet -> AttrSet</literal>
-  </subtitle>
-
-  <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.recurseIntoAttrs" />
-
-  <para>
-   Make various Nix tools consider the contents of the resulting attribute set when looking for what to build, find, etc.
-  </para>
-
-  <para>
-   This function only affects a single attribute set; it does not apply itself recursively for nested attribute sets.
-  </para>
-
-  <variablelist>
-   <varlistentry>
-    <term>
-     <varname>attrs</varname>
-    </term>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      An attribute set to scan for derivations.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </varlistentry>
-  </variablelist>
-
-  <example xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.recurseIntoAttrs-example">
-   <title>Making Nix look inside an attribute set</title>
-<programlisting><![CDATA[
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-{
-  myTools = pkgs.lib.recurseIntoAttrs {
-    inherit (pkgs) hello figlet;
-  };
-}
-]]></programlisting>
-  </example>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets">
-  <title><function>lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets</function></title>
-
-  <subtitle><literal>cartesianProductOfSets :: AttrSet -> [ AttrSet ]</literal>
-  </subtitle>
-
-  <xi:include href="./locations.xml" xpointer="lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets" />
-
-  <para>
-   Return the cartesian product of attribute set value combinations.
-  </para>
-
-  <variablelist>
-   <varlistentry>
-    <term>
-     <varname>set</varname>
-    </term>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      An attribute set with attributes that carry lists of values.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </varlistentry>
-  </variablelist>
-
-  <example xml:id="function-library-lib.attrsets.cartesianProductOfSets-example">
-   <title>Creating the cartesian product of a list of attribute values</title>
-<programlisting><![CDATA[
-cartesianProductOfSets { a = [ 1 2 ]; b = [ 10 20 ]; }
-=> [
-     { a = 1; b = 10; }
-     { a = 1; b = 20; }
-     { a = 2; b = 10; }
-     { a = 2; b = 20; }
-   ]
 ]]></programlisting>
   </example>
  </section>

doc/functions/nix-gitignore.section.md

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.nix-gitignore {#sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore}
-
-`pkgs.nix-gitignore` is a function that acts similarly to `builtins.filterSource` but also allows filtering with the help of the gitignore format.
-
-## Usage {#sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore-usage}
-
-`pkgs.nix-gitignore` exports a number of functions, but you\'ll most likely need either `gitignoreSource` or `gitignoreSourcePure`. As their first argument, they both accept either 1. a file with gitignore lines or 2. a string with gitignore lines, or 3. a list of either of the two. They will be concatenated into a single big string.
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-
- nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource [] ./source
-     # Simplest version
-
- nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource "supplemental-ignores\n" ./source
-     # This one reads the ./source/.gitignore and concats the auxiliary ignores
-
- nix-gitignore.gitignoreSourcePure "ignore-this\nignore-that\n" ./source
-     # Use this string as gitignore, don't read ./source/.gitignore.
-
- nix-gitignore.gitignoreSourcePure ["ignore-this\nignore-that\n", ~/.gitignore] ./source
-     # It also accepts a list (of strings and paths) that will be concatenated
-     # once the paths are turned to strings via readFile.
-```
-
-These functions are derived from the `Filter` functions by setting the first filter argument to `(_: _: true)`:
-
-```nix
-gitignoreSourcePure = gitignoreFilterSourcePure (_: _: true);
-gitignoreSource = gitignoreFilterSource (_: _: true);
-```
-
-Those filter functions accept the same arguments the `builtins.filterSource` function would pass to its filters, thus `fn: gitignoreFilterSourcePure fn ""` should be extensionally equivalent to `filterSource`. The file is blacklisted if it\'s blacklisted by either your filter or the gitignoreFilter.
-
-If you want to make your own filter from scratch, you may use
-
-```nix
-gitignoreFilter = ign: root: filterPattern (gitignoreToPatterns ign) root;
-```
-
-## gitignore files in subdirectories {#sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore-usage-recursive}
-
-If you wish to use a filter that would search for .gitignore files in subdirectories, just like git does by default, use this function:
-
-```nix
-gitignoreFilterRecursiveSource = filter: patterns: root:
-# OR
-gitignoreRecursiveSource = gitignoreFilterSourcePure (_: _: true);
-```

doc/functions/nix-gitignore.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore">
+ <title>pkgs.nix-gitignore</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <function>pkgs.nix-gitignore</function> is a function that acts similarly to <literal>builtins.filterSource</literal> but also allows filtering with the help of the gitignore format.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore-usage">
+  <title>Usage</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <literal>pkgs.nix-gitignore</literal> exports a number of functions, but you'll most likely need either <literal>gitignoreSource</literal> or <literal>gitignoreSourcePure</literal>. As their first argument, they both accept either 1. a file with gitignore lines or 2. a string with gitignore lines, or 3. a list of either of the two. They will be concatenated into a single big string.
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+
+ nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource [] ./source
+     # Simplest version
+
+ nix-gitignore.gitignoreSource "supplemental-ignores\n" ./source
+     # This one reads the ./source/.gitignore and concats the auxiliary ignores
+
+ nix-gitignore.gitignoreSourcePure "ignore-this\nignore-that\n" ./source
+     # Use this string as gitignore, don't read ./source/.gitignore.
+
+ nix-gitignore.gitignoreSourcePure ["ignore-this\nignore-that\n", ~/.gitignore] ./source
+     # It also accepts a list (of strings and paths) that will be concatenated
+     # once the paths are turned to strings via readFile.
+  ]]></programlisting>
+
+  <para>
+   These functions are derived from the <literal>Filter</literal> functions by setting the first filter argument to <literal>(_: _: true)</literal>:
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+gitignoreSourcePure = gitignoreFilterSourcePure (_: _: true);
+gitignoreSource = gitignoreFilterSource (_: _: true);
+  ]]></programlisting>
+
+  <para>
+   Those filter functions accept the same arguments the <literal>builtins.filterSource</literal> function would pass to its filters, thus <literal>fn: gitignoreFilterSourcePure fn ""</literal> should be extensionally equivalent to <literal>filterSource</literal>. The file is blacklisted iff it's blacklisted by either your filter or the gitignoreFilter.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   If you want to make your own filter from scratch, you may use
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+gitignoreFilter = ign: root: filterPattern (gitignoreToPatterns ign) root;
+  ]]></programlisting>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-pkgs-nix-gitignore-usage-recursive">
+  <title>gitignore files in subdirectories</title>
+
+  <para>
+   If you wish to use a filter that would search for .gitignore files in subdirectories, just like git does by default, use this function:
+  </para>
+
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+gitignoreFilterRecursiveSource = filter: patterns: root:
+# OR
+gitignoreRecursiveSource = gitignoreFilterSourcePure (_: _: true);
+  ]]></programlisting>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/functions/ocitools.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-pkgs-ociTools">
+ <title>pkgs.ociTools</title>
+
+ <para>
+  <varname>pkgs.ociTools</varname> is a set of functions for creating containers according to the <link xlink:href="https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec">OCI container specification v1.0.0</link>. Beyond that it makes no assumptions about the container runner you choose to use to run the created container.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-ociTools-buildContainer">
+  <title>buildContainer</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This function creates a simple OCI container that runs a single command inside of it. An OCI container consists of a <varname>config.json</varname> and a rootfs directory.The nix store of the container will contain all referenced dependencies of the given command.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The parameters of <varname>buildContainer</varname> with an example value are described below:
+  </para>
+
+  <example xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer'>
+   <title>Build Container</title>
+<programlisting>
+buildContainer {
+  args = [ (with pkgs; writeScript "run.sh" ''
+    #!${bash}/bin/bash
+    ${coreutils}/bin/exec ${bash}/bin/bash
+  '').outPath ]; <co xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-1' />
+
+  mounts = {
+    "/data" = {
+      type = "none";
+      source = "/var/lib/mydata";
+      options = [ "bind" ];
+    };
+  };<co xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-2' />
+
+  readonly = false; <co xml:id='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-3' />
+}
+
+    </programlisting>
+   <calloutlist>
+    <callout arearefs='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-1'>
+     <para>
+      <varname>args</varname> specifies a set of arguments to run inside the container. This is the only required argument for <varname>buildContainer</varname>. All referenced packages inside the derivation will be made available inside the container
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-2'>
+     <para>
+      <varname>mounts</varname> specifies additional mount points chosen by the user. By default only a minimal set of necessary filesystems are mounted into the container (e.g procfs, cgroupfs)
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+    <callout arearefs='ex-ociTools-buildContainer-3'>
+     <para>
+      <varname>readonly</varname> makes the container's rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false <literal>false</literal>.
+     </para>
+    </callout>
+   </calloutlist>
+  </example>
+ </section>
+</section>

doc/functions/overrides.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="sec-overrides">
+ <title>Overriding</title>
+
+ <para>
+  Sometimes one wants to override parts of <literal>nixpkgs</literal>, e.g. derivation attributes, the results of derivations.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  These functions are used to make changes to packages, returning only single packages. <link xlink:href="#chap-overlays">Overlays</link>, on the other hand, can be used to combine the overridden packages across the entire package set of Nixpkgs.
+ </para>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-pkg-override">
+  <title>&lt;pkg&gt;.override</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The function <varname>override</varname> is usually available for all the derivations in the nixpkgs expression (<varname>pkgs</varname>).
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   It is used to override the arguments passed to a function.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Example usages:
+<programlisting>pkgs.foo.override { arg1 = val1; arg2 = val2; ... }</programlisting>
+<!-- TODO: move below programlisting to a new section about extending and overlays
+           and reference it
+  -->
+<programlisting>
+import pkgs.path { overlays = [ (self: super: {
+  foo = super.foo.override { barSupport = true ; };
+  })]};
+</programlisting>
+<programlisting>
+mypkg = pkgs.callPackage ./mypkg.nix {
+  mydep = pkgs.mydep.override { ... };
+  }
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In the first example, <varname>pkgs.foo</varname> is the result of a function call with some default arguments, usually a derivation. Using <varname>pkgs.foo.override</varname> will call the same function with the given new arguments.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-pkg-overrideAttrs">
+  <title>&lt;pkg&gt;.overrideAttrs</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The function <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> allows overriding the attribute set passed to a <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> call, producing a new derivation based on the original one. This function is available on all derivations produced by the <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> function, which is most packages in the nixpkgs expression <varname>pkgs</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Example usage:
+<programlisting>
+helloWithDebug = pkgs.hello.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: rec {
+  separateDebugInfo = true;
+});
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In the above example, the <varname>separateDebugInfo</varname> attribute is overridden to be true, thus building debug info for <varname>helloWithDebug</varname>, while all other attributes will be retained from the original <varname>hello</varname> package.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The argument <varname>oldAttrs</varname> is conventionally used to refer to the attr set originally passed to <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname>.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    Note that <varname>separateDebugInfo</varname> is processed only by the <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> function, not the generated, raw Nix derivation. Thus, using <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> will not work in this case, as it overrides only the attributes of the final derivation. It is for this reason that <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> should be preferred in (almost) all cases to <varname>overrideDerivation</varname>, i.e. to allow using <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> to process input arguments, as well as the fact that it is easier to use (you can use the same attribute names you see in your Nix code, instead of the ones generated (e.g. <varname>buildInputs</varname> vs <varname>nativeBuildInputs</varname>), and it involves less typing).
+   </para>
+  </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-pkg-overrideDerivation">
+  <title>&lt;pkg&gt;.overrideDerivation</title>
+
+  <warning>
+   <para>
+    You should prefer <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> in almost all cases, see its documentation for the reasons why. <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> is not deprecated and will continue to work, but is less nice to use and does not have as many abilities as <varname>overrideAttrs</varname>.
+   </para>
+  </warning>
+
+  <warning>
+   <para>
+    Do not use this function in Nixpkgs as it evaluates a Derivation before modifying it, which breaks package abstraction and removes error-checking of function arguments. In addition, this evaluation-per-function application incurs a performance penalty, which can become a problem if many overrides are used. It is only intended for ad-hoc customisation, such as in <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>.
+   </para>
+  </warning>
+
+  <para>
+   The function <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> creates a new derivation based on an existing one by overriding the original's attributes with the attribute set produced by the specified function. This function is available on all derivations defined using the <varname>makeOverridable</varname> function. Most standard derivation-producing functions, such as <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname>, are defined using this function, which means most packages in the nixpkgs expression, <varname>pkgs</varname>, have this function.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Example usage:
+<programlisting>
+mySed = pkgs.gnused.overrideDerivation (oldAttrs: {
+  name = "sed-4.2.2-pre";
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/sed/sed-4.2.2-pre.tar.bz2;
+    sha256 = "11nq06d131y4wmf3drm0yk502d2xc6n5qy82cg88rb9nqd2lj41k";
+  };
+  patches = [];
+});
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   In the above example, the <varname>name</varname>, <varname>src</varname>, and <varname>patches</varname> of the derivation will be overridden, while all other attributes will be retained from the original derivation.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The argument <varname>oldAttrs</varname> is used to refer to the attribute set of the original derivation.
+  </para>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    A package's attributes are evaluated *before* being modified by the <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> function. For example, the <varname>name</varname> attribute reference in <varname>url = "mirror://gnu/hello/${name}.tar.gz";</varname> is filled-in *before* the <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> function modifies the attribute set. This means that overriding the <varname>name</varname> attribute, in this example, *will not* change the value of the <varname>url</varname> attribute. Instead, we need to override both the <varname>name</varname> *and* <varname>url</varname> attributes.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="sec-lib-makeOverridable">
+  <title>lib.makeOverridable</title>
+
+  <para>
+   The function <varname>lib.makeOverridable</varname> is used to make the result of a function easily customizable. This utility only makes sense for functions that accept an argument set and return an attribute set.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   Example usage:
+<programlisting>
+f = { a, b }: { result = a+b; };
+c = lib.makeOverridable f { a = 1; b = 2; };
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The variable <varname>c</varname> is the value of the <varname>f</varname> function applied with some default arguments. Hence the value of <varname>c.result</varname> is <literal>3</literal>, in this example.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The variable <varname>c</varname> however also has some additional functions, like <link linkend="sec-pkg-override">c.override</link> which can be used to override the default arguments. In this example the value of <varname>(c.override { a = 4; }).result</varname> is 6.
+  </para>
+ </section>
+</section>