Release 22.05

(cherry picked from commit cbaacfb8df)

.editorconfig

@@ -55,20 +55,10 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 [*.lock]
 indent_size = unset
 
-# Although Markdown/CommonMark allows using two trailing spaces to denote
-# a hard line break, we do not use that feature in nixpkgs since
-# it forces the surrounding paragraph to become a <literallayout> which
-# does not wrap reasonably.
-# Instead of a hard line break, start a new paragraph by inserting a blank line.
+# trailing whitespace is an actual syntax element of classic Markdown/
+# CommonMark to enforce a line break
 [*.md]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
-
-# binaries
-[*.nib]
-end_of_line = unset
-insert_final_newline = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-charset = unset
 
 [eggs.nix]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
@@ -90,21 +80,8 @@ insert_final_newline = unset
 indent_style = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
-[pkgs/misc/documentation-highlighter/**]
-insert_final_newline = unset
-
 [pkgs/servers/dict/wordnet_structures.py]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 
 [pkgs/tools/misc/timidity/timidity.cfg]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-
-[pkgs/tools/virtualization/ovftool/*.ova]
-end_of_line = unset
-insert_final_newline = unset
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-charset = unset
-
-[lib/tests/*.plist]
-indent_style = tab
-insert_final_newline = unset

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -28,71 +28,5 @@
 # nixos/modules/rename: Sort alphabetically
 1f71224fe86605ef4cd23ed327b3da7882dad382
 
-# manual: fix typos
-feddd5e7f8c6f8167b48a077fa2a5394dc008999
-
 # nixos: fix module paths in rename.nix
 d08ede042b74b8199dc748323768227b88efcf7c
-
-# fix indentation in mk-python-derivation.nix
-d1c1a0c656ccd8bd3b25d3c4287f2d075faf3cf3
-
-# fix indentation in meteor default.nix
-a37a6de881ec4c6708e6b88fd16256bbc7f26bbd
-
-# treewide: automatically md-convert option descriptions
-2e751c0772b9d48ff6923569adfa661b030ab6a2
-
-# nixos/*: automatically convert option docs
-087472b1e5230ffc8ba642b1e4f9218adf4634a2
-
-# nixos/*: automatically convert option descriptions
-ef176dcf7e76c3639571d7c6051246c8fbadf12a
-
-# nixos/*: automatically convert option docs to MD
-61e93df1891972bae3e0c97a477bd44e8a477aa0
-
-# nixos/*: convert options with admonitions to MD
-722b99bc0eb57711c0498a86a3f55e6c69cdb05f
-
-# nixos/*: automatically convert option docs
-6039648c50c7c0858b5e506c6298773a98e0f066
-
-# nixos/*: md-convert options with unordered lists
-c915b915b5e466a0b0b2af2906cd4d2380b8a1de
-
-# nixos/*: convert options with listings
-f2ea09ecbe1fa1da32eaa6e036d64ac324a2986f
-
-# nixos/*: convert straggler options to MD
-1d41cff3dc4c8f37bb5841f51fcbff705e169178
-
-# nixos/*: normalize manpage references to single-line form
-423545fe4865d126e86721ba30da116e29c65004
-
-# nixos/documentation: split options doc build
-fc614c37c653637e5475a0b0a987489b4d1f351d
-
-# nixos/*: convert options with admonitions to MD
-722b99bc0eb57711c0498a86a3f55e6c69cdb05f
-
-# nixos/*: convert internal option descriptions to MD
-9547123258f69efd92b54763051d6dc7f3bfcaca
-
-# nixos/*: replace </para><para> with double linebreaks
-694d5b19d30bf66687b42fb77f43ea7cd1002a62
-
-# treewide: add defaultText for options with simple interpolation defaults
-fb0e5be84331188a69b3edd31679ca6576edb75a
-
-# nixos/*: mark pre-existing markdown descriptions as mdDoc
-7e7d68a250f75678451cd44f8c3d585bf750461e
-
-# nixos/*: normalize link format
-3aebb4a2be8821a6d8a695f0908d8567dc00de31
-
-# nixos/*: replace <code> in option docs with <literal>
-16102dce2fbad670bd47dd75c860a8daa5fe47ad
-
-# nixos/*: add trivial defaultText for options with simple defaults
-25124556397ba17bfd70297000270de1e6523b0a

.gitattributes

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 **/deps.nix linguist-generated
-**/deps.json linguist-generated
-**/deps.toml linguist-generated
 **/node-packages.nix linguist-generated
 
 pkgs/applications/editors/emacs-modes/*-generated.nix linguist-generated

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 # This also holds true for GitHub teams. Since almost none of our teams have write
 # permissions, you need to list all members of the team with commit access individually.
 
+# This file
+/.github/CODEOWNERS @edolstra
+
 # GitHub actions
 /.github/workflows @NixOS/Security @Mic92 @zowoq
 /.github/workflows/merge-staging @FRidh
@@ -19,103 +22,65 @@
 /.editorconfig @Mic92 @zowoq
 
 # Libraries
-/lib                        @infinisil
-/lib/systems                @alyssais @ericson2314
-/lib/generators.nix         @infinisil @Profpatsch
-/lib/cli.nix                @infinisil @Profpatsch
-/lib/debug.nix              @infinisil @Profpatsch
-/lib/asserts.nix            @infinisil @Profpatsch
-/lib/path.*                 @infinisil
-/lib/fileset                @infinisil
-## Libraries / Module system
-/lib/modules.nix            @infinisil @roberth
-/lib/types.nix              @infinisil @roberth
-/lib/options.nix            @infinisil @roberth
-/lib/tests/modules.sh       @infinisil @roberth
-/lib/tests/modules          @infinisil @roberth
+/lib                        @edolstra @nbp @infinisil
+/lib/systems                @alyssais @nbp @ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/lib/generators.nix         @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
+/lib/cli.nix                @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
+/lib/debug.nix              @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
+/lib/asserts.nix            @edolstra @nbp @Profpatsch
 
 # Nixpkgs Internals
-/default.nix                                     @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/default.nix                      @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix                       @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix                        @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix                       @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix                @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/stdenv/generic                             @Ericson2314
-/pkgs/stdenv/generic/check-meta.nix              @Ericson2314 @piegamesde
-/pkgs/stdenv/cross                               @Ericson2314
+/default.nix                                     @nbp
+/pkgs/top-level/default.nix                      @nbp @Ericson2314
+/pkgs/top-level/impure.nix                       @nbp @Ericson2314
+/pkgs/top-level/stage.nix                        @nbp @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/top-level/splice.nix                       @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/top-level/release-cross.nix                @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/stdenv/generic                             @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/stdenv/cross                               @Ericson2314 @matthewbauer
 /pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper                   @Ericson2314
 /pkgs/build-support/bintools-wrapper             @Ericson2314
 /pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks                  @Ericson2314
 /pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/auto-patchelf.sh @layus
 /pkgs/build-support/setup-hooks/auto-patchelf.py @layus
-/pkgs/pkgs-lib                                   @infinisil
-## Format generators/serializers
-/pkgs/pkgs-lib/formats/libconfig                 @ckiee @h7x4
-
-# pkgs/by-name
-/pkgs/test/nixpkgs-check-by-name @infinisil
-/pkgs/by-name/README.md @infinisil
-/pkgs/top-level/by-name-overlay.nix @infinisil
-/.github/workflows/check-by-name.yml @infinisil
 
 # Nixpkgs build-support
 /pkgs/build-support/writers @lassulus @Profpatsch
 
-# Nixpkgs make-disk-image
-/doc/build-helpers/images/makediskimage.section.md  @raitobezarius
-/nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix                 @raitobezarius
-
-# Nix, the package manager
-pkgs/tools/package-management/nix/                    @raitobezarius
-nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix  @raitobezarius
-
 # Nixpkgs documentation
 /maintainers/scripts/db-to-md.sh @jtojnar @ryantm
 /maintainers/scripts/doc @jtojnar @ryantm
-
-# Contributor documentation
-/CONTRIBUTING.md @infinisil
-/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md @infinisil
-/doc/contributing/ @infinisil
-/doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md @jtojnar @infinisil
-/lib/README.md @infinisil
-/doc/README.md @infinisil
-/nixos/README.md @infinisil
-/pkgs/README.md @infinisil
-/maintainers/README.md @infinisil
-
-# User-facing development documentation
-/doc/development.md @infinisil
-/doc/development @infinisil
+/doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters @jtojnar
+/doc/contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md @jtojnar
 
 # NixOS Internals
-/nixos/default.nix                                    @infinisil
-/nixos/lib/from-env.nix                               @infinisil
-/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix                            @infinisil
+/nixos/default.nix          @nbp @infinisil
+/nixos/lib/from-env.nix     @nbp @infinisil
+/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix  @nbp @infinisil
+/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/abstractions.xml      @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-file.xml       @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-syntax.xml     @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/modularity.xml        @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/assertions.xml          @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/meta-attributes.xml     @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-declarations.xml @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-def.xml          @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.xml        @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/replace-modules.xml     @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/development/writing-modules.xml     @nbp
+/nixos/doc/manual/man-nixos-option.xml                @nbp
+/nixos/modules/installer/tools/nixos-option.sh        @nbp
 /nixos/modules/system                                 @dasJ
-/nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.nix         @grahamc @cole-h @raitobezarius
-/nixos/modules/system/activation/bootspec.cue         @grahamc @cole-h @raitobezarius
 
 # NixOS integration test driver
 /nixos/lib/test-driver  @tfc
 
-# NixOS QEMU virtualisation
-/nixos/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix           @raitobezarius
-
 # Systemd
 /nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix      @NixOS/systemd
 /nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd          @NixOS/systemd
 /nixos/lib/systemd-*.nix                    @NixOS/systemd
 /pkgs/os-specific/linux/systemd             @NixOS/systemd
 
-# Systemd-boot
-/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/systemd-boot      @JulienMalka
-
-# Images and installer media
-/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/            @samueldr
-/nixos/modules/installer/sd-card/           @samueldr
-
 # Updaters
 ## update.nix
 /maintainers/scripts/update.nix   @jtojnar
@@ -125,23 +90,26 @@ nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix  @raitobezarius
 
 # Python-related code and docs
 /maintainers/scripts/update-python-libraries	              @FRidh
+/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix                         @FRidh @jonringer
 /pkgs/development/interpreters/python                       @FRidh
-/doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md                 @FRidh @mweinelt
+/pkgs/development/python-modules                            @FRidh @jonringer
+/doc/languages-frameworks/python.section.md                 @FRidh
+/pkgs/development/tools/poetry2nix                          @adisbladis
 /pkgs/development/interpreters/python/hooks                 @FRidh @jonringer
 
 # Haskell
-/doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
-/maintainers/scripts/haskell                  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
-/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc               @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
-/pkgs/development/haskell-modules             @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
-/pkgs/test/haskell                            @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
-/pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix           @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
-/pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix          @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @ncfavier
+/doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/maintainers/scripts/haskell                  @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/pkgs/development/compilers/ghc               @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/pkgs/development/haskell-modules             @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/pkgs/test/haskell                            @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix           @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
+/pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix          @cdepillabout @sternenseemann @maralorn @expipiplus1
 
 # Perl
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @stigtsp @zakame @dasJ
-/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix   @stigtsp @zakame @dasJ
-/pkgs/development/perl-modules      @stigtsp @zakame @dasJ
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/perl @stigtsp @zakame
+/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix   @stigtsp @zakame
+/pkgs/development/perl-modules      @stigtsp @zakame
 
 # R
 /pkgs/applications/science/math/R   @jbedo
@@ -152,15 +120,17 @@ nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix  @raitobezarius
 /pkgs/development/ruby-modules      @marsam
 
 # Rust
-/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @zowoq @winterqt @figsoda
-/pkgs/build-support/rust @zowoq @winterqt @figsoda
-/doc/languages-frameworks/rust.section.md @zowoq @winterqt @figsoda
+/pkgs/development/compilers/rust @Mic92 @LnL7 @zowoq
+/pkgs/build-support/rust @zowoq
+/doc/languages-frameworks/rust.section.md @zowoq
 
 # C compilers
-/pkgs/development/compilers/gcc
-/pkgs/development/compilers/llvm @RaitoBezarius
-/pkgs/development/compilers/emscripten @raitobezarius
-/doc/languages-frameworks/emscripten.section.md @raitobezarius
+/pkgs/development/compilers/gcc @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/development/compilers/llvm @matthewbauer
+
+# Compatibility stuff
+/pkgs/top-level/unix-tools.nix @matthewbauer
+/pkgs/development/tools/xcbuild @matthewbauer
 
 # Audio
 /nixos/modules/services/audio/botamusique.nix @mweinelt
@@ -170,13 +140,6 @@ nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix  @raitobezarius
 
 # Browsers
 /pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/firefox @mweinelt
-/pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/chromium @emilylange
-/nixos/tests/chromium.nix @emilylange
-
-# Certificate Authorities
-pkgs/data/misc/cacert/ @ajs124 @lukegb @mweinelt
-pkgs/development/libraries/nss/ @ajs124 @lukegb @mweinelt
-pkgs/development/python-modules/buildcatrust/ @ajs124 @lukegb @mweinelt
 
 # Jetbrains
 /pkgs/applications/editors/jetbrains @edwtjo
@@ -219,22 +182,15 @@ pkgs/development/python-modules/buildcatrust/ @ajs124 @lukegb @mweinelt
 /nixos/modules/services/networking/ntp @thoughtpolice
 
 # Network
-/pkgs/tools/networking/octodns @Janik-Haag
 /pkgs/tools/networking/kea/default.nix @mweinelt
 /pkgs/tools/networking/babeld/default.nix @mweinelt
 /nixos/modules/services/networking/babeld.nix @mweinelt
 /nixos/modules/services/networking/kea.nix @mweinelt
 /nixos/modules/services/networking/knot.nix @mweinelt
-/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters/kea.nix @mweinelt
 /nixos/tests/babeld.nix @mweinelt
 /nixos/tests/kea.nix @mweinelt
 /nixos/tests/knot.nix @mweinelt
 
-# Web servers
-/doc/packages/nginx.section.md @raitobezarius
-/pkgs/servers/http/nginx/ @raitobezarius
-/nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/ @raitobezarius
-
 # Dhall
 /pkgs/development/dhall-modules      @Gabriella439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
 /pkgs/development/interpreters/dhall @Gabriella439 @Profpatsch @ehmry
@@ -257,40 +213,51 @@ pkgs/development/python-modules/buildcatrust/ @ajs124 @lukegb @mweinelt
 /pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix              @adisbladis
 
 # Neovim
-/pkgs/applications/editors/neovim      @figsoda @jonringer @teto
+/pkgs/applications/editors/neovim      @jonringer @teto
 
 # VimPlugins
-/pkgs/applications/editors/vim/plugins         @figsoda @jonringer
+/pkgs/applications/editors/vim/plugins         @jonringer
 
 # VsCode Extensions
 /pkgs/applications/editors/vscode/extensions   @jonringer
 
+# Prometheus exporter modules and tests
+/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.nix  @WilliButz
+/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/prometheus/exporters.xml  @WilliButz
+/nixos/tests/prometheus-exporters.nix                        @WilliButz
+
 # PHP interpreter, packages, extensions, tests and documentation
-/doc/languages-frameworks/php.section.md          @aanderse @drupol @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/nixos/tests/php                                  @aanderse @drupol @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/build-support/php/build-pecl.nix            @aanderse @drupol @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/build-support/php                                     @drupol @etu
-/pkgs/development/interpreters/php       @jtojnar @aanderse @drupol @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/development/php-packages                    @aanderse @drupol @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
-/pkgs/top-level/php-packages.nix         @jtojnar @aanderse @drupol @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+/doc/languages-frameworks/php.section.md          @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+/nixos/tests/php                                  @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+/pkgs/build-support/build-pecl.nix                @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+/pkgs/development/interpreters/php       @jtojnar @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+/pkgs/development/php-packages                    @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+/pkgs/top-level/php-packages.nix         @jtojnar @aanderse @etu @globin @ma27 @talyz
+
+# Podman, CRI-O modules and related
+/nixos/modules/virtualisation/containers.nix @zowoq @adisbladis
+/nixos/modules/virtualisation/cri-o.nix      @zowoq @adisbladis
+/nixos/modules/virtualisation/podman         @zowoq @adisbladis
+/nixos/tests/cri-o.nix                       @zowoq @adisbladis
+/nixos/tests/podman                          @zowoq @adisbladis
 
 # Docker tools
 /pkgs/build-support/docker                   @roberth
 /nixos/tests/docker-tools*                   @roberth
-/doc/build-helpers/images/dockertools.section.md  @roberth
+/doc/builders/images/dockertools.section.md  @roberth
 
 # Blockchains
 /pkgs/applications/blockchains  @mmahut @RaghavSood
 
 # Go
 /doc/languages-frameworks/go.section.md @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
-/pkgs/build-support/go @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
 /pkgs/development/compilers/go @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
+/pkgs/development/go-modules   @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
+/pkgs/development/go-packages  @kalbasit @Mic92 @zowoq
 
 # GNOME
-/pkgs/desktops/gnome                              @jtojnar
-/pkgs/desktops/gnome/extensions       @piegamesde @jtojnar
-/pkgs/build-support/make-hardcode-gsettings-patch @jtojnar
+/pkgs/desktops/gnome                              @jtojnar @hedning
+/pkgs/desktops/gnome/extensions       @piegamesde @jtojnar @hedning
 
 # Cinnamon
 /pkgs/desktops/cinnamon @mkg20001
@@ -303,44 +270,22 @@ pkgs/development/python-modules/buildcatrust/ @ajs124 @lukegb @mweinelt
 # terraform providers
 /pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/terraform-providers @zowoq
 
+# kubernetes
+/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/kubernetes.chapter.md @zowoq
+/nixos/modules/services/cluster/kubernetes            @zowoq
+/nixos/tests/kubernetes                               @zowoq
+/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/kubernetes      @zowoq
+
 # Matrix
 /pkgs/servers/heisenbridge                                 @piegamesde
 /pkgs/servers/matrix-conduit                               @piegamesde
+/pkgs/servers/matrix-synapse/matrix-appservice-irc         @piegamesde
 /nixos/modules/services/misc/heisenbridge.nix              @piegamesde
+/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-appservice-irc.nix     @piegamesde
 /nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-conduit.nix            @piegamesde
+/nixos/tests/matrix-appservice-irc.nix                     @piegamesde
 /nixos/tests/matrix-conduit.nix                            @piegamesde
 
-# Forgejo
-nixos/modules/services/misc/forgejo.nix      @bendlas @emilylange
-pkgs/applications/version-management/forgejo @bendlas @emilylange
-
 # Dotnet
-/pkgs/build-support/dotnet                  @IvarWithoutBones
-/pkgs/development/compilers/dotnet          @IvarWithoutBones
-/pkgs/test/dotnet                           @IvarWithoutBones
-/doc/languages-frameworks/dotnet.section.md @IvarWithoutBones
-
-# Node.js
-/pkgs/build-support/node/build-npm-package      @lilyinstarlight @winterqt
-/pkgs/build-support/node/fetch-npm-deps         @lilyinstarlight @winterqt
-/doc/languages-frameworks/javascript.section.md @lilyinstarlight @winterqt
-
-# OCaml
-/pkgs/build-support/ocaml           @ulrikstrid
-/pkgs/development/compilers/ocaml   @ulrikstrid
-/pkgs/development/ocaml-modules     @ulrikstrid
-
-# ZFS
-pkgs/os-specific/linux/zfs/2_1.nix        @raitobezarius
-pkgs/os-specific/linux/zfs/generic.nix    @raitobezarius
-nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix   @raitobezarius
-nixos/tests/zfs.nix                       @raitobezarius
-
-# Zig
-/pkgs/development/compilers/zig @figsoda
-/doc/hooks/zig.section.md       @figsoda
-
-# Buildbot
-nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/buildbot @Mic92 @zowoq
-nixos/tests/buildbot.nix                               @Mic92 @zowoq
-pkgs/development/tools/continuous-integration/buildbot @Mic92 @zowoq
+/pkgs/build-support/dotnet          @IvarWithoutBones
+/pkgs/development/compilers/dotnet  @IvarWithoutBones

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
 Add any other context about the problem here.
 
 ### Notify maintainers
-
 <!--
 Please @ people who are in the `meta.maintainers` list of the offending package or module.
 If in doubt, check `git blame` for whoever last touched something.
@@ -39,10 +38,3 @@ Please run `nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"` and paste the result.
 [user@system:~]$ nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"
 output here
 ```
-
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [issues you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[issues you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/build_failure.md

@@ -1,46 +1,34 @@
 ---
 name: Build failure
 about: Create a report to help us improve
-title: 'Build failure: PACKAGENAME'
+title: ''
 labels: '0.kind: build failure'
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
 ### Steps To Reproduce
-
 Steps to reproduce the behavior:
 1. build *X*
 
 ### Build log
-
 ```
 log here if short otherwise a link to a gist
 ```
 
 ### Additional context
-
 Add any other context about the problem here.
 
 ### Notify maintainers
-
 <!--
 Please @ people who are in the `meta.maintainers` list of the offending package or module.
 If in doubt, check `git blame` for whoever last touched something.
 -->
 
 ### Metadata
-
 Please run `nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"` and paste the result.
 
 ```console
 [user@system:~]$ nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"
 output here
 ```
-
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [issues you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[issues you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/missing_documentation.md

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Missing or incorrect documentation
-about: Help us improve the Nixpkgs and NixOS reference manuals
-title: 'Documentation: '
-labels: '9.needs: documentation'
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-## Problem
-
-<!-- describe your problem -->
-
-## Proposal
-
-<!-- propose a solution (optional) -->
-
-## Checklist
-
-<!-- make sure this issue is not redundant or obsolete -->
-
-- [ ] checked [latest Nixpkgs manual] \([source][nixpkgs-source]) and [latest NixOS manual] \([source][nixos-source])
-- [ ] checked [open documentation issues] for possible duplicates
-- [ ] checked [open documentation pull requests] for possible solutions
-
-[latest Nixpkgs manual]: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/
-[latest NixOS manual]: https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/unstable/
-[nixpkgs-source]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/doc
-[nixos-source]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/doc/manual
-[open documentation issues]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%229.needs%3A+documentation%22
-[open documentation pull requests]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3A%228.has%3A+documentation%22%2C%226.topic%3A+documentation%22
-
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [issues you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[issues you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/out_of_date_package_report.md

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 ---
 name: Out-of-date package reports
 about: For packages that are out-of-date
-title: 'Update request: PACKAGENAME OLDVERSION → NEWVERSION'
+title: ''
 labels: '9.needs: package (update)'
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
-- Package name:
-- Latest released version:
-<!-- Search your package here: https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable -->
-- Current version on the unstable channel:
-- Current version on the stable/release channel:
+
+###### Checklist
+
+<!-- Note that these are hard requirements -->
+
+<!--
+You can use the "Go to file" functionality on GitHub to find the package
+Then you can go to the history for this package
+Find the latest "package_name: old_version -> new_version" commit
+The "new_version" is the current version of the package
+-->
+- [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs master branch](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs)
 <!--
 Type the name of your package and try to find an open pull request for the package
 If you find an open pull request, you can review it!
@@ -19,17 +26,23 @@ There's a high chance that you'll have the new version right away while helping
 -->
 - [ ] Checked the [nixpkgs pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls)
 
-**Notify maintainers**
+###### Project name
+`nix search` name:
+<!--
+The current version can be found easily with the same process as above for checking the master branch
+If an open PR is present for the package, take this version as the current one and link to the PR
+-->
+current version:
+desired version:
 
-<!-- If the search.nixos.org result shows no maintainers, tag the person that last updated the package. -->
+###### Notify maintainers
+<!--
+Search your package here: https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable
+If no maintainer is listed for your package, tag the person that last updated the package
+-->
 
------
+maintainers:
 
-Note for maintainers: Please tag this issue in your PR.
+###### Note for maintainers
 
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [issues you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[issues you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc
+Please tag this issue in your PR.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/packaging_request.md

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 ---
 name: Packaging requests
 about: For packages that are missing
-title: 'Package request: PACKAGENAME'
+title: ''
 labels: '0.kind: packaging request'
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
 **Project description**
-
-<!-- Describe the project a little: -->
+_describe the project a little_
 
 **Metadata**
 
@@ -17,10 +16,3 @@ assignees: ''
 * source URL:
 * license: mit, bsd, gpl2+ , ...
 * platforms: unix, linux, darwin, ...
-
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [issues you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[issues you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/unreproducible_package.md

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Unreproducible package
-about: A package that does not produce a bit-by-bit reproducible result each time it is built
-title: ''
-labels: [ '0.kind: enhancement', '6.topic: reproducible builds' ]
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-<!--
-Hello dear reporter,
-
-Thank you for bringing attention to this issue. Your insights are valuable to
-us, and we appreciate the time you took to document the problem.
-
-I wanted to kindly point out that in this issue template, it would be beneficial
-to replace the placeholder `<package>` with the actual, canonical name of the
-package you're reporting the issue for. Doing so will provide better context and
-facilitate quicker troubleshooting for anyone who reads this issue in the
-future.
-
-Best regards
--->
-
-Building this package multiple times does not yield bit-by-bit identical
-results, complicating the detection of Continuous Integration (CI) breaches. For
-more information on this issue, visit
-[reproducible-builds.org](https://reproducible-builds.org/).
-
-Fixing bit-by-bit reproducibility also has additional advantages, such as
-avoiding hard-to-reproduce bugs, making content-addressed storage more effective
-and reducing rebuilds in such systems.
-
-### Steps To Reproduce
-
-In the following steps, replace `<package>` with the canonical name of the
-package.
-
-#### 1. Build the package
-
-This step will build the package. Specific arguments are passed to the command
-to keep the build artifacts so we can compare them in case of differences.
-
-Execute the following command:
-
-```
-nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A <package> && nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A <package> --check --keep-failed
-```
-
-Or using the new command line style:
-
-```
-nix build nixpkgs#<package> && nix build nixpkgs#<package> --rebuild --keep-failed
-```
-
-#### 2. Compare the build artifacts
-
-If the previous command completes successfully, no differences were found and
-there's nothing to do, builds are reproducible.
-If it terminates with the error message `error: derivation '<X>' may not be
-deterministic: output '<Y>' differs from '<Z>'`, use `diffoscope` to investigate
-the discrepancies between the two build outputs. You may need to add the
-`--exclude-directory-metadata recursive` option to ignore files and directories
-metadata (*e.g. timestamp*) differences.
-
-```
-nix run nixpkgs#diffoscopeMinimal -- --exclude-directory-metadata recursive <Y> <Z>
-```
-
-#### 3. Examine the build log
-
-To examine the build log, use:
-
-```
-nix-store --read-log $(nix-instantiate '<nixpkgs>' -A <package>)
-```
-
-Or with the new command line style:
-
-```
-nix log $(nix path-info --derivation nixpkgs#<package>)
-```
-
-### Additional context
-
-(please share the relevant fragment of the diffoscope output here, and any
-additional analysis you may have done)
-
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [issues you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[issues you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-## Description of changes
+###### Description of changes
 
 <!--
 For package updates please link to a changelog or describe changes, this helps your fellow maintainers discover breaking updates.
 For new packages please briefly describe the package or provide a link to its homepage.
 -->
 
-## Things done
+###### Things done
 
 <!-- Please check what applies. Note that these are not hard requirements but merely serve as information for reviewers. -->
 
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ For new packages please briefly describe the package or provide a link to its ho
   - [ ] aarch64-linux
   - [ ] x86_64-darwin
   - [ ] aarch64-darwin
-- For non-Linux: Is sandboxing enabled in `nix.conf`? (See [Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file.html))
-  - [ ] `sandbox = relaxed`
-  - [ ] `sandbox = true`
+- [ ] For non-Linux: Is `sandbox = true` set in `nix.conf`? (See [Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file.html))
 - [ ] Tested, as applicable:
   - [NixOS test(s)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/unstable/index.html#sec-nixos-tests) (look inside [nixos/tests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests))
   - and/or [package tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#sec-package-tests)
@@ -24,10 +22,11 @@ For new packages please briefly describe the package or provide a link to its ho
   - made sure NixOS tests are [linked](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#ssec-nixos-tests-linking) to the relevant packages
 - [ ] Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using `nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD"`. Note: all changes have to be committed, also see [nixpkgs-review usage](https://github.com/Mic92/nixpkgs-review#usage)
 - [ ] Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`)
-- [24.05 Release Notes](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2405.section.md) (or backporting [23.05](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2305.section.md) and [23.11](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2311.section.md) Release notes)
+- [22.11 Release Notes (or backporting 21.11 Release notes)](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#generating-2211-release-notes)
   - [ ] (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
   - [ ] (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
   - [ ] (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
+  - [ ] (Release notes changes) Ran `nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh` to update generated release notes
 - [ ] Fits [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 <!--
@@ -40,10 +39,3 @@ Thanks a lot if you do!
 List of open PRs: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls
 Reviewing guidelines: https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-reviewing-contributions
 -->
-
----
-
-Add a :+1: [reaction] to [pull requests you find important].
-
-[reaction]: https://github.blog/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/
-[pull requests you find important]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc

.github/STALE-BOT.md

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Stale bot information
 
 - Thanks for your contribution!
-- Our stale bot will never close an issue or PR.
 - To remove the stale label, just leave a new comment.
 - _How to find the right people to ping?_ → [`git blame`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame) to the rescue! (or GitHub's history and blame buttons.)
 - You can always ask for help on [our Discourse Forum](https://discourse.nixos.org/), [our Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#nix:nixos.org), or on the [#nixos IRC channel](https://web.libera.chat/#nixos).

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 
 "6.topic: cinnamon":
   - pkgs/desktops/cinnamon/**/*
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/cinnamon.nix
-  - nixos/tests/cinnamon.nix
 
 "6.topic: emacs":
   - nixos/modules/services/editors/emacs.nix
@@ -19,11 +17,6 @@
   - pkgs/build-support/emacs/**/*
   - pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix
 
-"6.topic: Enlightenment DE":
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/enlightenment.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/enlightenment/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/python-modules/python-efl/*
-
 "6.topic: erlang":
   - doc/languages-frameworks/beam.section.md
   - pkgs/development/beam-modules/**/*
@@ -37,11 +30,6 @@
 "6.topic: fetch":
   - pkgs/build-support/fetch*/**/*
 
-"6.topic: flakes":
-  - '**/flake.nix'
-  - lib/systems/flake-systems.nix
-  - nixos/modules/config/nix-flakes.nix
-
 "6.topic: GNOME":
   - doc/languages-frameworks/gnome.section.md
   - nixos/modules/services/desktops/gnome/**/*
@@ -52,8 +40,9 @@
 
 "6.topic: golang":
   - doc/languages-frameworks/go.section.md
-  - pkgs/build-support/go/**/*
   - pkgs/development/compilers/go/**/*
+  - pkgs/development/go-modules/**/*
+  - pkgs/development/go-packages/**/*
 
 "6.topic: haskell":
   - doc/languages-frameworks/haskell.section.md
@@ -65,46 +54,16 @@
   - pkgs/top-level/haskell-packages.nix
   - pkgs/top-level/release-haskell.nix
 
-"6.topic: jupyter":
-  - pkgs/development/python-modules/jupyter*/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/python-modules/mkdocs-jupyter/*
-  - nixos/modules/services/development/jupyter/**/*
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/jupyter-kernels/**/*
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/jupyter/**/*
-
 "6.topic: kernel":
   - pkgs/build-support/kernel/**/*
   - pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel/**/*
 
-"6.topic: lib":
-  - lib/**
-
 "6.topic: lua":
   - pkgs/development/interpreters/lua-5/**/*
   - pkgs/development/interpreters/luajit/**/*
   - pkgs/development/lua-modules/**/*
   - pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix
 
-"6.topic: Lumina DE":
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/lumina.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/lumina/**/*
-
-"6.topic: LXQt":
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/lxqt.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/lxqt/**/*
-
-"6.topic: mate":
-  - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/mate.nix
-  - nixos/tests/mate.nix
-  - pkgs/desktops/mate/**/*
-
-"6.topic: module system":
-  - lib/modules.nix
-  - lib/types.nix
-  - lib/options.nix
-  - lib/tests/modules.sh
-  - lib/tests/modules/**
-
 "6.topic: nixos":
   - nixos/**/*
   - pkgs/os-specific/linux/nixos-rebuild/**/*
@@ -115,14 +74,6 @@
   - pkgs/development/nim-packages/**/*
   - pkgs/top-level/nim-packages.nix
 
-"6.topic: nodejs":
-  - doc/languages-frameworks/javascript.section.md
-  - pkgs/build-support/node/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/node-packages/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/yarn/*
-  - pkgs/development/tools/yarn2nix-moretea/**/*
-  - pkgs/development/web/nodejs/*
-
 "6.topic: ocaml":
   - doc/languages-frameworks/ocaml.section.md
   - pkgs/development/compilers/ocaml/**/*
@@ -182,7 +133,6 @@
 
 "6.topic: TeX":
   - doc/languages-frameworks/texlive.section.md
-  - pkgs/test/texlive/**
   - pkgs/tools/typesetting/tex/**/*
 
 "6.topic: vim":
@@ -192,19 +142,12 @@
   - nixos/modules/programs/neovim.nix
   - pkgs/applications/editors/neovim/**/*
 
-"6.topic: vscode":
-  - pkgs/applications/editors/vscode/**/*
-
 "6.topic: xfce":
   - nixos/doc/manual/configuration/xfce.xml
   - nixos/modules/services/x11/desktop-managers/xfce.nix
   - nixos/tests/xfce.nix
   - pkgs/desktops/xfce/**/*
 
-"6.topic: zig":
-  - pkgs/development/compilers/zig/**/*
-  - doc/hooks/zig.section.md
-
 "8.has: changelog":
   - nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/**/*
 

.github/stale.yml

@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@ exemptLabels:
   - "1.severity: security"
   - "2.status: never-stale"
 staleLabel: "2.status: stale"
-markComment: false
+markComment: |
+  I marked this as stale due to inactivity. → [More info](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/STALE-BOT.md)
 closeComment: false

.github/workflows/backport.yml

@@ -8,28 +8,28 @@ on:
 # the GitHub repository. This means that it should not evaluate user input in a
 # way that allows code injection.
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
   backport:
-    permissions:
-      contents: write # for korthout/backport-action to create branch
-      pull-requests: write # for korthout/backport-action to create PR to backport
     name: Backport Pull Request
     if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true && (github.event_name != 'labeled' || startsWith('backport', github.event.label.name))
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
+          # required to find all branches
+          fetch-depth: 0
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
       - name: Create backport PRs
-        uses: korthout/backport-action@08bafb375e6e9a9a2b53a744b987e5d81a133191 # v2.1.1
+        # should be kept in sync with `version`
+        uses: zeebe-io/backport-action@v0.0.5
         with:
-          # Config README: https://github.com/korthout/backport-action#backport-action
-          copy_labels_pattern: 'severity:\ssecurity'
+          # Config README: https://github.com/zeebe-io/backport-action#backport-action
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          github_workspace: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          # should be kept in sync with `uses`
+          version: v0.0.5
           pull_description: |-
             Bot-based backport to `${target_branch}`, triggered by a label in #${pull_number}.
 
-            * [ ] Before merging, ensure that this backport is [acceptable for the release](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#changes-acceptable-for-releases).
-              * Even as a non-commiter, if you find that it is not acceptable, leave a comment.
+            * [ ] Before merging, ensure that this backport complies with the [Criteria for Backporting](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#criteria-for-backporting-changes).
+              * Even as a non-commiter, if you find that it does not comply, leave a comment.

.github/workflows/basic-eval.yml

@@ -10,17 +10,14 @@ on:
   #   branches:
   #    - master
   #    - release-**
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
   tests:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # we don't limit this action to only NixOS repo since the checks are cheap and useful developer feedback
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
-    - uses: cachix/cachix-action@18cf96c7c98e048e10a83abd92116114cd8504be # v14
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
+    - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
       with:
         # This cache is for the nixpkgs repo checks and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
         name: nixpkgs-ci

.github/workflows/check-by-name.yml

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# Checks pkgs/by-name (see pkgs/by-name/README.md)
-# using the nixpkgs-check-by-name tool (see pkgs/test/nixpkgs-check-by-name)
-#
-# When you make changes to this workflow, also update pkgs/test/nixpkgs-check-by-name/scripts/run-local.sh adequately
-name: Check pkgs/by-name
-
-# The tool is pinned to a pre-built version on Hydra,
-# see pkgs/test/nixpkgs-check-by-name/scripts/README.md
-on:
-  # Using pull_request_target instead of pull_request avoids having to approve first time contributors
-  pull_request_target
-
-permissions:
-  # We need this permission to cancel the workflow run if there's a merge conflict
-  actions: write
-
-jobs:
-  check:
-    # This is x86_64-linux, for which the tool is always prebuilt on the nixos-* channels,
-    # as specified in nixos/release-combined.nix
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # This should take 1 minute at most, but let's be generous.
-    # The default of 6 hours is definitely too long
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    steps:
-      # This step has to be in this file,
-      # because it's needed to determine which revision of the repository to fetch,
-      # and we can only use other files from the repository once it's fetched.
-      - name: Resolving the merge commit
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        run: |
-          # This checks for mergeability of a pull request as recommended in
-          # https://docs.github.com/en/rest/guides/using-the-rest-api-to-interact-with-your-git-database?apiVersion=2022-11-28#checking-mergeability-of-pull-requests
-
-          # Retry the API query this many times
-          retryCount=3
-          # Start with 5 seconds, but double every retry
-          retryInterval=5
-          while true; do
-            echo "Checking whether the pull request can be merged"
-            prInfo=$(gh api \
-              -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-              -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-              /repos/"$GITHUB_REPOSITORY"/pulls/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }})
-            mergeable=$(jq -r .mergeable <<< "$prInfo")
-            mergedSha=$(jq -r .merge_commit_sha <<< "$prInfo")
-
-            if [[ "$mergeable" == "null" ]]; then
-              if (( retryCount == 0 )); then
-                echo "Not retrying anymore, probably GitHub is having internal issues"
-                exit 1
-              else
-                (( retryCount -= 1 )) || true
-
-                # null indicates that GitHub is still computing whether it's mergeable
-                # Wait a couple seconds before trying again
-                echo "GitHub is still computing whether this PR can be merged, waiting $retryInterval seconds before trying again ($retryCount retries left)"
-                sleep "$retryInterval"
-
-                (( retryInterval *= 2 )) || true
-              fi
-            else
-              break
-            fi
-          done
-
-          if [[ "$mergeable" == "true" ]]; then
-            echo "The PR can be merged, checking the merge commit $mergedSha"
-          else
-            echo "The PR cannot be merged, it has a merge conflict, cancelling the workflow.."
-            gh api \
-              --method POST \
-              -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-              -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-              /repos/"$GITHUB_REPOSITORY"/actions/runs/"$GITHUB_RUN_ID"/cancel
-            sleep 60
-            # If it's still not canceled after a minute, something probably went wrong, just exit
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          echo "mergedSha=$mergedSha" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
-        with:
-          # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-          ref: ${{ env.mergedSha }}
-          # Fetches the merge commit and its parents
-          fetch-depth: 2
-      - name: Checking out base branch
-        run: |
-          base=$(mktemp -d)
-          git worktree add "$base" "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)"
-          echo "base=$base" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
-      - name: Fetching the pinned tool
-        # Update the pinned version using pkgs/test/nixpkgs-check-by-name/scripts/update-pinned-tool.sh
-        run: |
-          # Get the direct /nix/store path from the pin to avoid having to evaluate Nixpkgs
-          toolPath=$(jq -r '."ci-path"' pkgs/test/nixpkgs-check-by-name/scripts/pinned-tool.json)
-          # This asks the substituter for the path, which should be there because Hydra will have pre-built and pushed it
-          nix-store --realise "$toolPath" --add-root result
-      - name: Running nixpkgs-check-by-name
-        run: |
-          if result/bin/nixpkgs-check-by-name --base "$base" .; then
-            exit 0
-          else
-            exitCode=$?
-            echo "To run locally: ./maintainers/scripts/check-by-name.sh $GITHUB_BASE_REF https://github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY.git"
-            exit "$exitCode"
-          fi

.github/workflows/check-maintainers-sorted.yaml

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-name: "Check that maintainer list is sorted"
-
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-    paths:
-      - 'maintainers/maintainer-list.nix'
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  nixos:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
-        with:
-          # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-          ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
-        with:
-          # explicitly enable sandbox
-          extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - name: Check that maintainer-list.nix is sorted
-        run: nix-instantiate --eval maintainers/scripts/check-maintainers-sorted.nix

.github/workflows/direct-push.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: "Direct Push Warning"
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+     - master
+     - release-**
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
+    env:
+      GITHUB_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
+      GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+    steps:
+    - name: Check if commit is a merge commit
+      id: ismerge
+      run: |
+        ISMERGE=$(curl -H 'Accept: application/vnd.github.groot-preview+json' -H "authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" https://api.github.com/repos/${{ env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY }}/commits/${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}/pulls | jq -r '.[] | select(.merge_commit_sha == "${{ env.GITHUB_SHA }}") | any')
+        echo "::set-output name=ismerge::$ISMERGE"
+    # github events are eventually consistent, so wait until changes propagate to thier DB
+    - run: sleep 60
+      if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
+    - name: Warn if the commit was a direct push
+      if: steps.ismerge.outputs.ismerge != 'true'
+      uses: peter-evans/commit-comment@v2
+      with:
+        body: |
+          @${{ github.actor }}, you pushed a commit directly to master/release branch
+          instead of going through a Pull Request.
+
+          That's highly discouraged beyond the few exceptions listed
+          on https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/118661

.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
   tests:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: "github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[skip treewide]')"
+    if: "github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[skip editorconfig]')"
     steps:
     - name: Get list of changed files from PR
       env:
@@ -24,18 +24,20 @@ jobs:
     - name: print list of changed files
       run: |
         cat "$HOME/changed_files"
-    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
         ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
+    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
       with:
         # nixpkgs commit is pinned so that it doesn't break
         # editorconfig-checker 2.4.0
         nix_path: nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/c473cc8714710179df205b153f4e9fa007107ff9.tar.gz
+    - name: install editorconfig-checker
+      run: nix-env -iA editorconfig-checker -f '<nixpkgs>'
     - name: Checking EditorConfig
       run: |
-        cat "$HOME/changed_files" | nix-shell -p editorconfig-checker --run 'xargs -r editorconfig-checker -disable-indent-size'
+        cat "$HOME/changed_files" | xargs -r editorconfig-checker -disable-indent-size
     - if: ${{ failure() }}
       run: |
         echo "::error :: Hey! It looks like your changes don't follow our editorconfig settings. Read https://editorconfig.org/#download to configure your editor so you never see this error again."

.github/workflows/labels.yml

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   labels:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: "github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[skip treewide]')"
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@ac9175f8a1f3625fd0d4fb234536d26811351594 # v4.3.0
+    - uses: actions/labeler@v4
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/manual-nixos.yml

@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
           ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
         with:
           # explicitly enable sandbox
           extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@18cf96c7c98e048e10a83abd92116114cd8504be # v14
+      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
         with:
           # This cache is for the nixpkgs repo checks and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
           name: nixpkgs-ci

.github/workflows/manual-nixpkgs.yml

@@ -8,25 +8,24 @@ on:
       - master
     paths:
       - 'doc/**'
-      - 'lib/**'
 
 jobs:
   nixpkgs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
           ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
         with:
           # explicitly enable sandbox
           extra_nix_config: sandbox = true
-      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@18cf96c7c98e048e10a83abd92116114cd8504be # v14
+      - uses: cachix/cachix-action@v10
         with:
           # This cache is for the nixpkgs repo checks and should not be trusted or used elsewhere.
           name: nixpkgs-ci
           signingKey: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY }}'
       - name: Building Nixpkgs manual
-        run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A manual -A manual.tests
+        run: NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=$(pwd) nix-build --option restrict-eval true pkgs/top-level/release.nix -A manual

.github/workflows/nix-parse.yml

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-name: "Check whether nix files are parseable"
-
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  # avoids approving first time contributors
-  pull_request_target:
-    branches-ignore:
-      - 'release-**'
-
-jobs:
-  tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: "github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[skip treewide]')"
-    steps:
-    - name: Get list of changed files from PR
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        gh api \
-          repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls/${{github.event.number}}/files --paginate \
-          | jq --raw-output '.[] | select(.status != "removed" and (.filename | endswith(".nix"))) | .filename' \
-          > "$HOME/changed_files"
-        if [[ -s "$HOME/changed_files" ]]; then
-          echo "CHANGED_FILES=$HOME/changed_files" > "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        fi
-    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
-      with:
-        # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
-        ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
-      if: ${{ env.CHANGED_FILES && env.CHANGED_FILES != '' }}
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
-      with:
-        nix_path: nixpkgs=channel:nixpkgs-unstable
-    - name: Parse all changed or added nix files
-      run: |
-        ret=0
-        while IFS= read -r file; do
-          out="$(nix-instantiate --parse "$file")" || { echo "$out" && ret=1; }
-        done < "$HOME/changed_files"
-        exit "$ret"
-      if: ${{ env.CHANGED_FILES && env.CHANGED_FILES != '' }}

.github/workflows/nixos-manual.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: NixOS manual checks
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'release-**'
+    paths:
+      - 'nixos/**/*.xml'
+      - 'nixos/**/*.md'
+
+jobs:
+  tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      with:
+        # pull_request_target checks out the base branch by default
+        ref: refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge
+    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
+    - name: Check DocBook files generated from Markdown are consistent
+      run: |
+        nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh
+        git diff --exit-code

.github/workflows/no-channel.yml

@@ -6,13 +6,8 @@ on:
       - 'nixos-**'
       - 'nixpkgs-**'
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
   fail:
-    permissions:
-      contents: none
     name: "This PR is is targeting a channel branch"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:

.github/workflows/ofborg-pending.yml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-name: "Set pending OfBorg status"
-on:
-  pull_request_target:
-
-# Sets the ofborg-eval status to "pending" to signal that we are waiting for
-# OfBorg even if it is running late. The status will be overwritten by OfBorg
-# once it starts evaluation.
-
-# WARNING:
-# When extending this action, be aware that $GITHUB_TOKEN allows (restricted) write access to
-# the GitHub repository. This means that it should not evaluate user input in a
-# way that allows code injection.
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  action:
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
-    permissions:
-      statuses: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - name: "Set pending OfBorg status"
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      run: |
-        curl \
-          -X POST \
-          -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
-          -H "Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
-          -d '{"context": "ofborg-eval", "state": "pending", "description": "Waiting for OfBorg..."}' \
-          "https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/commits/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}/statuses"

.github/workflows/pending-clear.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: "clear pending status"
+
+on:
+  check_suite:
+    types: [ completed ]
+
+jobs:
+  action:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: clear pending status
+      if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.event.check_suite.app.name == 'OfBorg'
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      run: |
+        curl \
+          -X POST \
+          -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
+          -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
+          -d '{"state": "success", "target_url": " ", "description": " ", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
+          "https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.check_suite.head_sha }}"

.github/workflows/pending-set.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: "set pending status"
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+
+# WARNING:
+# When extending this action, be aware that $GITHUB_TOKEN allows write access to
+# the GitHub repository. This means that it should not evaluate user input in a
+# way that allows code injection.
+
+jobs:
+  action:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: set pending status
+      if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      run: |
+        curl \
+          -X POST \
+          -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
+          -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
+          -d '{"state": "pending", "target_url": " ", "description": "This pending status will be cleared when ofborg starts eval.", "context": "Wait for ofborg"}' \
+          "https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/statuses/${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"

.github/workflows/periodic-merge-24h.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,9 @@ on:
     # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
     # Merge every 24 hours
     - cron:  '0 0 * * *'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   periodic-merge:
-    permissions:
-      contents: write  # for devmasx/merge-branch to merge branches
-      pull-requests: write  # for peter-evans/create-or-update-comment to create or update comment
     if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
@@ -35,20 +28,20 @@ jobs:
         pairs:
           - from: master
             into: haskell-updates
-          - from: release-23.05
-            into: staging-next-23.05
-          - from: staging-next-23.05
-            into: staging-23.05
-          - from: release-23.11
-            into: staging-next-23.11
-          - from: staging-next-23.11
-            into: staging-23.11
+          - from: release-21.11
+            into: staging-next-21.11
+          - from: staging-next-21.11
+            into: staging-21.11
+          - from: release-22.05
+            into: staging-next-22.05
+          - from: staging-next-22.05
+            into: staging-22.05
     name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@854d3ac71ed1e9deb668e0074781b81fdd6e771f # 1.4.0
+        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@1.4.0
         with:
           type: now
           from_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }}
@@ -56,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Comment on failure
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@23ff15729ef2fc348714a3bb66d2f655ca9066f2 # v3.1.0
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
         if: ${{ failure() }}
         with:
           issue-number: 105153

.github/workflows/periodic-merge-6h.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,9 @@ on:
     # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
     # Merge every 6 hours
     - cron:  '0 */6 * * *'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   periodic-merge:
-    permissions:
-      contents: write  # for devmasx/merge-branch to merge branches
-      pull-requests: write  # for peter-evans/create-or-update-comment to create or update comment
     if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
@@ -39,10 +32,10 @@ jobs:
             into: staging
     name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }} → ${{ matrix.pairs.into }}
-        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@854d3ac71ed1e9deb668e0074781b81fdd6e771f # 1.4.0
+        uses: devmasx/merge-branch@1.4.0
         with:
           type: now
           from_branch: ${{ matrix.pairs.from }}
@@ -50,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Comment on failure
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@23ff15729ef2fc348714a3bb66d2f655ca9066f2 # v3.1.0
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
         if: ${{ failure() }}
         with:
           issue-number: 105153

.github/workflows/update-terraform-providers.yml

@@ -1,69 +1,48 @@
 name: "Update terraform-providers"
 
 on:
-  #schedule:
-  #  - cron: "0 3 * * *"
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "14 3 * * 1"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
   tf-providers:
-    permissions:
-      contents: write # for peter-evans/create-pull-request to create branch
-      pull-requests: write # for peter-evans/create-pull-request to create a PR
     if: github.repository_owner == 'NixOS' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' # ensure workflow_dispatch only runs on master
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
-      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@6004951b182f8860210c8d6f0d808ec5b1a33d28 # v25
-        with:
-          nix_path: nixpkgs=channel:nixpkgs-unstable
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v17
       - name: setup
         id: setup
         run: |
-          echo "title=terraform-providers: update $(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d")" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo ::set-output name=title::"terraform-providers: update $(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d")"
       - name: update terraform-providers
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
           git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          echo | nix-shell \
-            maintainers/scripts/update.nix \
-            --argstr commit true \
-            --argstr keep-going true \
-            --argstr max-workers 2 \
-            --argstr path terraform-providers
-      - name: get failed updates
-        run: |
-          echo 'FAILED<<EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          git ls-files --others >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo 'EOF' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      # cleanup logs of failed updates so they aren't included in the PR
-      - name: clean repo
-        run: |
-          git clean -f
+          pushd pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/terraform-providers
+          ./update-all-providers --no-build
+          git commit -m "${{ steps.setup.outputs.title }}" providers.json
+          popd
       - name: create PR
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@153407881ec5c347639a548ade7d8ad1d6740e38 # v5.0.2
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v4
         with:
           body: |
             Automatic update by [update-terraform-providers](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/workflows/update-terraform-providers.yml) action.
 
-            https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-
-            These providers failed to update:
-            ```
-            ${{ env.FAILED }}
-            ```
-
             Check that all providers build with:
             ```
-            @ofborg build opentofu.full
+            @ofborg build terraform-full
             ```
-            If there is more than ten commits in the PR `ofborg` won't build it automatically and you will need to use the above command.
           branch: terraform-providers-update
           delete-branch: false
+          labels: "2.status: work-in-progress"
           title: ${{ steps.setup.outputs.title }}
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: comment on failure
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v2
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        with:
+          issue-number: 153416
+          body: |
+            Automatic update of terraform providers [failed](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}).

.gitignore

@@ -2,22 +2,16 @@
 ,*
 .*.swp
 .*.swo
-.\#*
-\#*\#
 .idea/
-.nixos-test-history
 .vscode/
 outputs/
-result-*
 result
-repl-result-*
-!pkgs/development/python-modules/result
+result-*
+source/
 /doc/NEWS.html
 /doc/NEWS.txt
 /doc/manual.html
 /doc/manual.pdf
-/result
-/source/
 .version-suffix
 
 .DS_Store

.mailmap

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-ajs124 <git@ajs124.de> <ajs124@users.noreply.github.com>
-Anderson Torres <torres.anderson.85@protonmail.com>
-Daniel Løvbrøtte Olsen <me@dandellion.xyz> <daniel.olsen99@gmail.com>
-Fabian Affolter <mail@fabian-affolter.ch> <fabian@affolter-engineering.ch>
-Janne Heß <janne@hess.ooo> <dasJ@users.noreply.github.com>
-Jörg Thalheim <joerg@thalheim.io> <Mic92@users.noreply.github.com>
-Martin Weinelt <hexa@darmstadt.ccc.de> <mweinelt@users.noreply.github.com>
-R. RyanTM <ryantm-bot@ryantm.com>
-Robert Hensing <robert@roberthensing.nl> <roberth@users.noreply.github.com>
-Sandro Jäckel <sandro.jaeckel@gmail.com>
-Sandro Jäckel <sandro.jaeckel@gmail.com> <sandro.jaeckel@sap.com>
-superherointj <5861043+superherointj@users.noreply.github.com>
-Vladimír Čunát <v@cunat.cz> <vcunat@gmail.com>
-Vladimír Čunát <v@cunat.cz> <vladimir.cunat@nic.cz>
-Yifei Sun <ysun@hey.com> StepBroBD <Hi@StepBroBD.com>
-Yifei Sun <ysun@hey.com> <ysun+git@stepbrobd.com>

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-24.05
+22.05

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,229 +1,86 @@
-# Contributing to Nixpkgs
+# How to contribute
 
-This document is for people wanting to contribute to the implementation of Nixpkgs.
-This involves interacting with implementation changes that are proposed using [GitHub](https://github.com/) [pull requests](https://docs.github.com/pull-requests) to the [Nixpkgs](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/) repository (which you're in right now).
+Note: contributing implies licensing those contributions
+under the terms of [COPYING](COPYING), which is an MIT-like license.
 
-As such, a GitHub account is recommended, which you can sign up for [here](https://github.com/signup).
-See [here](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/about-the-patches-category/477) for how to contribute without a GitHub account.
+## Opening issues
 
-Additionally this document assumes that you already know how to use GitHub and Git.
-If that's not the case, we recommend learning about it first [here](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/hello-world).
+* Make sure you have a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free)
+* Make sure there is no open issue on the topic
+* [Submit a new issue](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/new/choose) by choosing the kind of topic and fill out the template
 
-## Overview
-[overview]: #overview
+## Submitting changes
 
-This file contains general contributing information, but individual parts also have more specific information to them in their respective `README.md` files, linked here:
-- [`lib`](./lib/README.md): Sources and documentation of the [library functions](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#chap-functions)
-- [`maintainers`](./maintainers/README.md): Nixpkgs maintainer and team listings, maintainer scripts
-- [`pkgs`](./pkgs/README.md): Package and [builder](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#part-builders) definitions
-- [`doc`](./doc/README.md): Sources and infrastructure for the [Nixpkgs manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/)
-- [`nixos`](./nixos/README.md): Implementation of [NixOS](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/)
+Read the ["Submitting changes"](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-submitting-changes) section of the nixpkgs manual. It explains how to write, test, and iterate on your change, and which branch to base your pull request against.
 
-# How to's
+Below is a short excerpt of some points in there:
 
-## How to create pull requests
-[pr-create]: #how-to-create-pull-requests
+* Format the commit messages in the following way:
 
-This section describes in some detail how changes can be made and proposed with pull requests.
+  ```
+  (pkg-name | nixos/<module>): (from -> to | init at version | refactor | etc)
 
-> [!Note]
-> Be aware that contributing implies licensing those contributions under the terms of [COPYING](./COPYING), an MIT-like license.
-
-0. Set up a local version of Nixpkgs to work with using GitHub and Git
-   1. [Fork](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/fork-a-repo#forking-a-repository) the [Nixpkgs repository](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/).
-   1. [Clone the forked repository](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/fork-a-repo#cloning-your-forked-repository) into a local `nixpkgs` directory.
-   1. [Configure the upstream Nixpkgs repository](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/fork-a-repo#configuring-git-to-sync-your-fork-with-the-upstream-repository).
-
-1. Figure out the branch that should be used for this change by going through [this section][branch].
-   If in doubt use `master`, that's where most changes should go.
-   This can be changed later by [rebasing][rebase].
-
-2. Create and switch to a new Git branch, ideally such that:
-   - The name of the branch hints at the change you'd like to implement, e.g. `update-hello`.
-   - The base of the branch includes the most recent changes on the base branch from step 1, we'll assume `master` here.
-
-   ```bash
-   # Make sure you have the latest changes from upstream Nixpkgs
-   git fetch upstream
-
-   # Create and switch to a new branch based off the master branch in Nixpkgs
-   git switch --create update-hello upstream/master
-   ```
-
-   To avoid having to download and build potentially many derivations, at the expense of using a potentially outdated version, you can base the branch off a specific [Git commit](https://www.git-scm.com/docs/gitglossary#def_commit) instead:
-   - The commit of the latest `nixpkgs-unstable` channel, available [here](https://channels.nixos.org/nixpkgs-unstable/git-revision).
-   - The commit of a local Nixpkgs downloaded using [nix-channel](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/nix-channel), available using `nix-instantiate --eval --expr '(import <nixpkgs/lib>).trivial.revisionWithDefault null'`
-   - If you're using NixOS, the commit of your NixOS installation, available with `nixos-version --revision`.
-
-   Once you have an appropriate commit you can use it instead of `upstream/master` in the above command:
-   ```bash
-   git switch --create update-hello <the desired base commit>
-   ```
-
-3. Make the desired changes in the local Nixpkgs repository using an editor of your choice.
-   Make sure to:
-   - Adhere to both the [general code conventions][code-conventions], and the code conventions specific to the part you're making changes to.
-     See the [overview section][overview] for more specific information.
-   - Test the changes.
-     See the [overview section][overview] for more specific information.
-   - If necessary, document the change.
-     See the [overview section][overview] for more specific information.
-
-4. Commit your changes using `git commit`.
-   Make sure to adhere to the [commit conventions](#commit-conventions).
-
-   Repeat the steps 3-4 as many times as necessary.
-   Advance to the next step if all the commits (viewable with `git log`) make sense together.
-
-5. Push your commits to your fork of Nixpkgs.
-   ```
-   git push --set-upstream origin HEAD
-   ```
-
-   The above command will output a link that allows you to directly quickly do the next step:
-   ```
-   remote: Create a pull request for 'update-hello' on GitHub by visiting:
-   remote:      https://github.com/myUser/nixpkgs/pull/new/update-hello
-   ```
-
-6. [Create a pull request](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/creating-a-pull-request#creating-the-pull-request) from the new branch in your Nixpkgs fork to the upstream Nixpkgs repository.
-   Use the branch from step 2 as the pull requests base branch.
-   Go through the [pull request template](#pull-request-template) in the pre-filled default description.
-
-7. Respond to review comments, potential CI failures and potential merge conflicts by updating the pull request.
-   Always keep the pull request in a mergeable state.
-
-   The custom [OfBorg](https://github.com/NixOS/ofborg) CI system will perform various checks to help ensure code quality, whose results you can see at the bottom of the pull request.
-   See [the OfBorg Readme](https://github.com/NixOS/ofborg#readme) for more details.
-
-   - To add new commits, repeat steps 3-4 and push the result using
-     ```
-     git push
-     ```
-
-   - To change existing commits you will have to [rewrite Git history](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History).
-     Useful Git commands that can help a lot with this are `git commit --patch --amend` and `git rebase --interactive`.
-     With a rewritten history you need to force-push the commits using
-     ```
-     git push --force-with-lease
-     ```
-
-   - In case of merge conflicts you will also have to [rebase the branch](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing) on top of current `master`.
-     Sometimes this can be done [on GitHub directly](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/keeping-your-pull-request-in-sync-with-the-base-branch#updating-your-pull-request-branch), but if not you will have to rebase locally using
-     ```
-     git fetch upstream
-     git rebase upstream/master
-     git push --force-with-lease
-     ```
-
-   - If you need to change the base branch of the pull request, you can do so by [rebasing][rebase].
-
-8. If your pull request is merged and [acceptable for releases][release-acceptable] you may [backport][pr-backport] the pull request.
-
-### Pull request template
-[pr-template]: #pull-request-template
-
-The pull request template helps determine what steps have been made for a contribution so far, and will help guide maintainers on the status of a change. The motivation section of the PR should include any extra details the title does not address and link any existing issues related to the pull request.
-
-When a PR is created, it will be pre-populated with some checkboxes detailed below:
-
-#### Tested using sandboxing
-
-When sandbox builds are enabled, Nix will setup an isolated environment for each build process. It is used to remove further hidden dependencies set by the build environment to improve reproducibility. This includes access to the network during the build outside of `fetch*` functions and files outside the Nix store. Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux); see [sandbox](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-sandbox) in the Nix manual for details.
-
-Sandboxing is not enabled by default in Nix due to a small performance hit on each build. In pull requests for [nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/) people are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see `Tested using sandboxing` in the pull request template) because in [Hydra](https://nixos.org/hydra/) sandboxing is also used.
-
-Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the following methods to enable sandboxing **before** building the package:
-
-- **Globally enable sandboxing on NixOS**: add the following to `configuration.nix`
-
-  ```nix
-  nix.settings.sandbox = true;
+  (Motivation for change. Link to release notes. Additional information.)
   ```
 
-- **Globally enable sandboxing on non-NixOS platforms**: add the following to: `/etc/nix/nix.conf`
+  For consistency, there should not be a period at the end of the commit message's summary line (the first line of the commit message).
 
-  ```ini
-  sandbox = true
-  ```
+  Examples:
 
-#### Built on platform(s)
+  * nginx: init at 2.0.1
+  * firefox: 54.0.1 -> 55.0
+    https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/55.0/releasenotes/
+  * nixos/hydra: add bazBaz option
 
-Many Nix packages are designed to run on multiple platforms. As such, it’s important to let the maintainer know which platforms your changes have been tested on. It’s not always practical to test a change on all platforms, and is not required for a pull request to be merged. Only check the systems you tested the build on in this section.
+    Dual baz behavior is needed to do foo.
+  * nixos/nginx: refactor config generation
 
-#### Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside nixos/tests)
+    The old config generation system used impure shell scripts and could break in specific circumstances (see #1234).
 
-Packages with automated tests are much more likely to be merged in a timely fashion because it doesn’t require as much manual testing by the maintainer to verify the functionality of the package. If there are existing tests for the package, they should be run to verify your changes do not break the tests. Tests can only be run on Linux. For more details on writing and running tests, see the [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests).
+* `meta.description` should:
+  * Be capitalized.
+  * Not start with the package name.
+  * Not have a period at the end.
+* `meta.license` must be set and fit the upstream license.
+  * If there is no upstream license, `meta.license` should default to `lib.licenses.unfree`.
+* `meta.maintainers` must be set.
 
-#### Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using `nixpkgs-review`
+See the nixpkgs manual for more details on [standard meta-attributes](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-standard-meta-attributes).
 
-If you are modifying a package, you can use `nixpkgs-review` to make sure all packages that depend on the updated package still compile correctly. The `nixpkgs-review` utility can look for and build all dependencies either based on uncommitted changes with the `wip` option or specifying a GitHub pull request number.
+## Writing good commit messages
 
-Review changes from pull request number 12345:
+In addition to writing properly formatted commit messages, it's important to include relevant information so other developers can later understand *why* a change was made. While this information usually can be found by digging code, mailing list/Discourse archives, pull request discussions or upstream changes, it may require a lot of work.
 
-```ShellSession
-nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review pr 12345"
-```
+For package version upgrades and such a one-line commit message is usually sufficient.
 
-Alternatively, with flakes (and analogously for the other commands below):
-
-```ShellSession
-nix run nixpkgs#nixpkgs-review -- pr 12345
-```
-
-Review uncommitted changes:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review wip"
-```
-
-Review changes from last commit:
-
-```ShellSession
-nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD"
-```
-
-#### Tested execution of all binary files (usually in `./result/bin/`)
-
-It’s important to test any executables generated by a build when you change or create a package in nixpkgs. This can be done by looking in `./result/bin` and running any files in there, or at a minimum, the main executable for the package. For example, if you make a change to texlive, you probably would only check the binaries associated with the change you made rather than testing all of them.
-
-#### Meets Nixpkgs contribution standards
-
-The last checkbox is about whether it fits the guidelines in this `CONTRIBUTING.md` file. This document has detailed information on standards the Nix community has for commit messages, reviews, licensing of contributions you make to the project, etc... Everyone should read and understand the standards the community has for contributing before submitting a pull request.
-
-### Rebasing between branches (i.e. from master to staging)
-[rebase]: #rebasing-between-branches-ie-from-master-to-staging
+## Rebasing between branches (i.e. from master to staging)
 
 From time to time, changes between branches must be rebased, for example, if the
 number of new rebuilds they would cause is too large for the target branch. When
 rebasing, care must be taken to include only the intended changes, otherwise
-many CODEOWNERS will be inadvertently requested for review. To achieve this,
+many CODEOWNERS will be inadvertently requested for review.  To achieve this,
 rebasing should not be performed directly on the target branch, but on the merge
-base between the current and target branch. As an additional precautionary measure,
-you should temporarily mark the PR as draft for the duration of the operation.
-This reduces the probability of mass-pinging people. (OfBorg might still
-request a couple of persons for reviews though.)
+base between the current and target branch.
 
-In the following example, we assume that the current branch, called `feature`,
-is based on `master`, and we rebase it onto the merge base between
-`master` and `staging` so that the PR can eventually be retargeted to
-`staging` without causing a mess. The example uses `upstream` as the remote for `NixOS/nixpkgs.git`
-while `origin` is the remote you are pushing to.
+In the following example, we see a rebase from `master` onto the merge base
+between `master` and `staging`, so that a change can eventually be retargeted to
+`staging`. The example uses `upstream` as the remote for `NixOS/nixpkgs.git`
+while the `origin` remote is used for the remote you are pushing to.
 
 
 ```console
-# Rebase your commits onto the common merge base
-git rebase --onto upstream/staging... upstream/master
+# Find the common base between two branches
+common=$(git merge-base upstream/master upstream/staging)
+# Find the common base between your feature branch and master
+commits=$(git merge-base $(git branch --show-current) upstream/master)
+# Rebase all commits onto the common base
+git rebase --onto=$common $commits
 # Force push your changes
-git push origin feature --force-with-lease
+git push origin $(git branch --show-current) --force-with-lease
 ```
 
-The syntax `upstream/staging...` is equivalent to `upstream/staging...HEAD` and
-stands for the merge base between `upstream/staging` and `HEAD` (hence between
-`upstream/staging` and `upstream/master`).
-
 Then change the base branch in the GitHub PR using the *Edit* button in the upper
-right corner, and switch from `master` to `staging`. *After* the PR has been
+right corner, and switch from `master` to `staging`. After the PR has been
 retargeted it might be necessary to do a final rebase onto the target branch, to
 resolve any outstanding merge conflicts.
 
@@ -233,512 +90,45 @@ git rebase upstream/staging
 # Review and fixup possible conflicts
 git status
 # Force push your changes
-git push origin feature --force-with-lease
+git push origin $(git branch --show-current) --force-with-lease
 ```
 
-#### Something went wrong and a lot of people were pinged
+## Backporting changes
 
-It happens. Remember to be kind, especially to new contributors.
-There is no way back, so the pull request should be closed and locked
-(if possible). The changes should be re-submitted in a new PR, in which the people
-originally involved in the conversation need to manually be pinged again.
-No further discussion should happen on the original PR, as a lot of people
-are now subscribed to it.
+Follow these steps to backport a change into a release branch in compliance with the [commit policy](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#submitting-changes-stable-release-branches).
 
-The following message (or a version thereof) might be left when closing to
-describe the situation, since closing and locking without any explanation
-is kind of rude:
+You can add a label such as `backport release-22.05` to a PR, so that merging it will
+automatically create a backport (via [a GitHub Action](.github/workflows/backport.yml)).
+This also works for PR's that have already been merged, and might take a couple of minutes to trigger.
 
-```markdown
-It looks like you accidentally mass-pinged a bunch of people, which are now subscribed
-and getting notifications for everything in this pull request. Unfortunately, they
-cannot be automatically unsubscribed from the issue (removing review request does not
-unsubscribe), therefore development cannot continue in this pull request anymore.
+You can also create the backport manually:
 
-Please open a new pull request with your changes, link back to this one and ping the
-people actually involved in here over there.
+1. Take note of the commits in which the change was introduced into `master` branch.
+2. Check out the target _release branch_, e.g. `release-21.11`. Do not use a _channel branch_ like `nixos-21.11` or `nixpkgs-21.11-darwin`.
+3. Create a branch for your change, e.g. `git checkout -b backport`.
+4. When the reason to backport is not obvious from the original commit message, use `git cherry-pick -xe <original commit>` and add a reason. Otherwise use `git cherry-pick -x <original commit>`. That's fine for minor version updates that only include security and bug fixes, commits that fixes an otherwise broken package or similar. Please also ensure the commits exists on the master branch; in the case of squashed or rebased merges, the commit hash will change and the new commits can be found in the merge message at the bottom of the master pull request.
+5. Push to GitHub and open a backport pull request. Make sure to select the release branch (e.g. `release-21.11`) as the target branch of the pull request, and link to the pull request in which the original change was comitted to `master`. The pull request title should be the commit title with the release version as prefix, e.g. `[21.11]`.
+6. When the backport pull request is merged and you have the necessary privileges you can also replace the label `9.needs: port to stable` with `8.has: port to stable` on the original pull request. This way maintainers can keep track of missing backports easier.
 
-In order to avoid this in the future, there are instructions for how to properly
-rebase between branches in our [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#rebasing-between-branches-ie-from-master-to-staging).
-Setting your pull request to draft prior to rebasing is strongly recommended.
-In draft status, you can preview the list of people that are about to be requested
-for review, which allows you to sidestep this issue.
-This is not a bulletproof method though, as OfBorg still does review requests even on draft PRs.
-```
+## Criteria for Backporting changes
 
-## How to backport pull requests
-[pr-backport]: #how-to-backport-pull-requests
+Anything that does not cause user or downstream dependency regressions can be backported. This includes:
+- New Packages / Modules
+- Security / Patch updates
+- Version updates which include new functionality (but no breaking changes)
+- Services which require a client to be up-to-date regardless. (E.g. `spotify`, `steam`, or `discord`)
+- Security critical applications (E.g. `firefox`)
 
-Once a pull request has been merged into `master`, a backport pull request to the corresponding `release-YY.MM` branch can be created either automatically or manually.
+## Generating 22.11 Release Notes
 
-### Automatically backporting changes
+Documentation in nixpkgs is transitioning to a markdown-centric workflow. Release notes now require a translation step to convert from markdown to a compatible docbook document.
 
-> [!Note]
-> You have to be a [Nixpkgs maintainer](./maintainers) to automatically create a backport pull request.
+Steps for updating 22.11 Release notes:
 
-Add the [`backport release-YY.MM` label](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/labels?q=backport) to the pull request on the `master` branch.
-This will cause [a GitHub Action](.github/workflows/backport.yml) to open a pull request to the `release-YY.MM` branch a few minutes later.
-This can be done on both open or already merged pull requests.
+1. Edit `nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2211.section.md` with the desired changes
+2. Run `./nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh` to render `nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2211.section.xml`
+3. Include changes to `rl-2211.section.md` and `rl-2211.section.xml` in the same commit.
 
-### Manually backporting changes
+## Reviewing contributions
 
-To manually create a backport pull request, follow [the standard pull request process][pr-create], with these notable differences:
-
-- Use `release-YY.MM` for the base branch, both for the local branch and the pull request.
-
-> [!Warning]
-> Do not use the `nixos-YY.MM` branch, that is a branch pointing to the tested release channel commit
-
-- Instead of manually making and committing the changes, use [`git cherry-pick -x`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick) for each commit from the pull request you'd like to backport.
-  Either `git cherry-pick -x <commit>` when the reason for the backport is obvious (such as minor versions, fixes, etc.), otherwise use `git cherry-pick -xe <commit>` to add a reason for the backport to the commit message.
-  Here is [an example](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/commit/5688c39af5a6c5f3d646343443683da880eaefb8) of this.
-
-> [!Warning]
-> Ensure the commits exists on the master branch.
-> In the case of squashed or rebased merges, the commit hash will change and the new commits can be found in the merge message at the bottom of the master pull request.
-
-- In the pull request description, link to the original pull request to `master`.
-  The pull request title should include `[YY.MM]` matching the release you're backporting to.
-
-- When the backport pull request is merged and you have the necessary privileges you can also replace the label `9.needs: port to stable` with `8.has: port to stable` on the original pull request.
-  This way maintainers can keep track of missing backports easier.
-
-## How to review pull requests
-[pr-review]: #how-to-review-pull-requests
-
-> [!Warning]
-> The following section is a draft, and the policy for reviewing is still being discussed in issues such as [#11166](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/11166) and [#20836](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/20836).
-
-The Nixpkgs project receives a fairly high number of contributions via GitHub pull requests. Reviewing and approving these is an important task and a way to contribute to the project.
-
-The high change rate of Nixpkgs makes any pull request that remains open for too long subject to conflicts that will require extra work from the submitter or the merger. Reviewing pull requests in a timely manner and being responsive to the comments is the key to avoid this issue. GitHub provides sort filters that can be used to see the [most recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc) and the [least recently](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-asc) updated pull requests. We highly encourage looking at [this list of ready to merge, unreviewed pull requests](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+review%3Anone+status%3Asuccess+-label%3A%222.status%3A+work-in-progress%22+no%3Aproject+no%3Aassignee+no%3Amilestone).
-
-When reviewing a pull request, please always be nice and polite. Controversial changes can lead to controversial opinions, but it is important to respect every community member and their work.
-
-GitHub provides reactions as a simple and quick way to provide feedback to pull requests or any comments. The thumb-down reaction should be used with care and if possible accompanied with some explanation so the submitter has directions to improve their contribution.
-
-Pull request reviews should include a list of what has been reviewed in a comment, so other reviewers and mergers can know the state of the review.
-
-All the review template samples provided in this section are generic and meant as examples. Their usage is optional and the reviewer is free to adapt them to their liking.
-
-To get more information about how to review specific parts of Nixpkgs, refer to the documents linked to in the [overview section][overview].
-
-If a pull request contains documentation changes that might require feedback from the documentation team, ping [@NixOS/documentation-reviewers](https://github.com/orgs/nixos/teams/documentation-reviewers) on the pull request.
-
-If you consider having enough knowledge and experience in a topic and would like to be a long-term reviewer for related submissions, please contact the current reviewers for that topic. They will give you information about the reviewing process. The main reviewers for a topic can be hard to find as there is no list, but checking past pull requests to see who reviewed or git-blaming the code to see who committed to that topic can give some hints.
-
-Container system, boot system and library changes are some examples of the pull requests fitting this category.
-
-## How to merge pull requests
-[pr-merge]: #how-to-merge-pull-requests
-
-The *Nixpkgs committers* are people who have been given
-permission to merge.
-
-It is possible for community members that have enough knowledge and experience on a special topic to contribute by merging pull requests.
-
-In case the PR is stuck waiting for the original author to apply a trivial
-change (a typo, capitalisation change, etc.) and the author allowed the members
-to modify the PR, consider applying it yourself (or commit the existing review
-suggestion). You should pay extra attention to make sure the addition doesn't go
-against the idea of the original PR and would not be opposed by the author.
-
-<!--
-The following paragraphs about how to deal with unactive contributors is just a proposition and should be modified to what the community agrees to be the right policy.
-
-Please note that contributors with commit rights unactive for more than three months will have their commit rights revoked.
--->
-
-Please see the discussion in [GitHub nixpkgs issue #50105](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/50105) for information on how to proceed to be granted this level of access.
-
-In a case a contributor definitively leaves the Nix community, they should create an issue or post on [Discourse](https://discourse.nixos.org) with references of packages and modules they maintain so the maintainership can be taken over by other contributors.
-
-# Flow of merged pull requests
-
-After a pull request is merged, it eventually makes it to the [official Hydra CI](https://hydra.nixos.org/).
-Hydra regularly evaluates and builds Nixpkgs, updating [the official channels](https://channels.nixos.org/) when specific Hydra jobs succeeded.
-See [Nix Channel Status](https://status.nixos.org/) for the current channels and their state.
-Here's a brief overview of the main Git branches and what channels they're used for:
-
-- `master`: The main branch, used for the unstable channels such as `nixpkgs-unstable`, `nixos-unstable` and `nixos-unstable-small`.
-- `release-YY.MM` (e.g. `release-23.11`): The NixOS release branches, used for the stable channels such as `nixos-23.11`, `nixos-23.11-small` and `nixpkgs-23.11-darwin`.
-
-When a channel is updated, a corresponding Git branch is also updated to point to the corresponding commit.
-So e.g. the [`nixpkgs-unstable` branch](https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/tree/nixpkgs-unstable) corresponds to the Git commit from the [`nixpkgs-unstable` channel](https://channels.nixos.org/nixpkgs-unstable).
-
-Nixpkgs in its entirety is tied to the NixOS release process, which is documented in the [NixOS Release Wiki](https://nixos.github.io/release-wiki/).
-
-See [this section][branch] to know when to use the release branches.
-
-## Staging
-[staging]: #staging
-
-The staging workflow exists to batch Hydra builds of many packages together.
-
-It works by directing commits that cause [mass rebuilds][mass-rebuild] to a separate `staging` branch that isn't directly built by Hydra.
-Regularly, the `staging` branch is _manually_ merged into a `staging-next` branch to be built by Hydra using the [`nixpkgs:staging-next` jobset](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixpkgs/staging-next).
-The `staging-next` branch should then only receive direct commits in order to fix Hydra builds.
-Once it is verified that there are no major regressions, it is merged into `master` using [a pull request](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=head%3Astaging-next).
-This is done manually in order to ensure it's a good use of Hydra's computing resources.
-By keeping the `staging-next` branch separate from `staging`, this batching does not block developers from merging changes into `staging`.
-
-In order for the `staging` and `staging-next` branches to be up-to-date with the latest commits on `master`, there are regular _automated_ merges from `master` into `staging-next` and `staging`.
-This is implemented using GitHub workflows [here](.github/workflows/periodic-merge-6h.yml) and [here](.github/workflows/periodic-merge-24h.yml).
-
-> [!Note]
-> Changes must be sufficiently tested before being merged into any branch.
-> Hydra builds should not be used as testing platform.
-
-Here is a Git history diagram showing the flow of commits between the three branches:
-```mermaid
-%%{init: {
-    'theme': 'base',
-    'themeVariables': {
-        'gitInv0': '#ff0000',
-        'gitInv1': '#ff0000',
-        'git2': '#ff4444',
-        'commitLabelFontSize': '15px'
-    },
-    'gitGraph': {
-        'showCommitLabel':true,
-        'mainBranchName': 'master',
-        'rotateCommitLabel': true
-    }
-} }%%
-gitGraph
-    commit id:" "
-    branch staging-next
-    branch staging
-
-    checkout master
-    checkout staging
-    checkout master
-    commit id:"    "
-    checkout staging-next
-    merge master id:"automatic"
-    checkout staging
-    merge staging-next id:"automatic "
-
-    checkout staging-next
-    merge staging type:HIGHLIGHT id:"manual"
-    commit id:"fixup"
-
-    checkout master
-    checkout staging
-    checkout master
-    commit id:"       "
-    checkout staging-next
-    merge master id:"automatic  "
-    checkout staging
-    merge staging-next id:"automatic   "
-
-    checkout staging-next
-    commit id:"fixup "
-    checkout master
-    merge staging-next type:HIGHLIGHT id:"manual (PR)"
-```
-
-
-Here's an overview of the different branches:
-
-| branch | `master` | `staging` | `staging-next` |
-| --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| Used for development | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
-| Built by Hydra | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ |
-| [Mass rebuilds][mass-rebuild] | ❌ | ✔️ | ⚠️  Only to fix Hydra builds |
-| Critical security fixes | ✔️ for non-mass-rebuilds | ❌ | ✔️ for mass-rebuilds |
-| Automatically merged into | `staging-next` | - | `staging` |
-| Manually merged into | - | `staging-next` | `master` |
-
-The staging workflow is used for all main branches, `master` and `release-YY.MM`, with corresponding names:
-- `master`/`release-YY.MM`
-- `staging`/`staging-YY.MM`
-- `staging-next`/`staging-next-YY.MM`
-
-# Conventions
-
-## Branch conventions
-<!-- This section is relevant to both contributors and reviewers -->
-[branch]: #branch-conventions
-
-Most changes should go to the `master` branch, but sometimes other branches should be used instead.
-Use the following decision process to figure out which one it should be:
-
-Is the change [acceptable for releases][release-acceptable] and do you wish to have the change in the release?
-- No: Use the `master` branch, do not backport the pull request.
-- Yes: Can the change be implemented the same way on the `master` and release branches?
-  For example, a packages major version might differ between the `master` and release branches, such that separate security patches are required.
-  - Yes: Use the `master` branch and [backport the pull request](#how-to-backport-pull-requests).
-  - No: Create separate pull requests to the `master` and `release-XX.YY` branches.
-
-Furthermore, if the change causes a [mass rebuild][mass-rebuild], use the appropriate staging branch instead:
-- Mass rebuilds to `master` should go to `staging` instead.
-- Mass rebuilds to `release-XX.YY` should go to `staging-XX.YY` instead.
-
-See [this section][staging] for more details about such changes propagate between the branches.
-
-### Changes acceptable for releases
-[release-acceptable]: #changes-acceptable-for-releases
-
-Only changes to supported releases may be accepted.
-The oldest supported release (`YYMM`) can be found using
-```
-nix-instantiate --eval -A lib.trivial.oldestSupportedRelease
-```
-
-The release branches should generally only receive backwards-compatible changes, both for the Nix expressions and derivations.
-Here are some examples of backwards-compatible changes that are okay to backport:
-- ✔️ New packages, modules and functions
-- ✔️ Security fixes
-- ✔️ Package version updates
-  - ✔️ Patch versions with fixes
-  - ✔️ Minor versions with new functionality, but no breaking changes
-
-In addition, major package version updates with breaking changes are also acceptable for:
-- ✔️ Services that would fail without up-to-date client software, such as `spotify`, `steam`, and `discord`
-- ✔️ Security critical applications, such as `firefox` and `chromium`
-
-### Changes causing mass rebuilds
-[mass-rebuild]: #changes-causing-mass-rebuilds
-
-Which changes cause mass rebuilds is not formally defined.
-In order to help the decision, CI automatically assigns [`rebuild` labels](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/labels?q=rebuild) to pull requests based on the number of packages they cause rebuilds for.
-As a rule of thumb, if the number of rebuilds is **over 500**, it can be considered a mass rebuild.
-To get a sense for what changes are considered mass rebuilds, see [previously merged pull requests to the staging branches](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues?q=base%3Astaging+-base%3Astaging-next+is%3Amerged).
-
-## Commit conventions
-[commit-conventions]: #commit-conventions
-
-- Create a commit for each logical unit.
-
-- Check for unnecessary whitespace with `git diff --check` before committing.
-
-- If you have commits `pkg-name: oh, forgot to insert whitespace`: squash commits in this case. Use `git rebase -i`.
-
-- For consistency, there should not be a period at the end of the commit message's summary line (the first line of the commit message).
-
-- When adding yourself as maintainer in the same pull request, make a separate
-  commit with the message `maintainers: add <handle>`.
-  Add the commit before those making changes to the package or module.
-  See [Nixpkgs Maintainers](./maintainers/README.md) for details.
-
-- Make sure you read about any commit conventions specific to the area you're touching. See:
-  - [Commit conventions](./pkgs/README.md#commit-conventions) for changes to `pkgs`.
-  - [Commit conventions](./lib/README.md#commit-conventions) for changes to `lib`.
-  - [Commit conventions](./nixos/README.md#commit-conventions) for changes to `nixos`.
-  - [Commit conventions](./doc/README.md#commit-conventions) for changes to `doc`, the Nixpkgs manual.
-
-### Writing good commit messages
-
-In addition to writing properly formatted commit messages, it's important to include relevant information so other developers can later understand *why* a change was made. While this information usually can be found by digging code, mailing list/Discourse archives, pull request discussions or upstream changes, it may require a lot of work.
-
-Package version upgrades usually allow for simpler commit messages, including attribute name, old and new version, as well as a reference to the relevant release notes/changelog. Every once in a while a package upgrade requires more extensive changes, and that subsequently warrants a more verbose message.
-
-Pull requests should not be squash merged in order to keep complete commit messages and GPG signatures intact and must not be when the change doesn't make sense as a single commit.
-
-## Code conventions
-[code-conventions]: #code-conventions
-
-### Release notes
-
-If you removed packages or made some major NixOS changes, write about it in the release notes for the next stable release in [`nixos/doc/manual/release-notes`](./nixos/doc/manual/release-notes).
-
-### File naming and organisation
-
-Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be `all-packages.nix`, not `allPackages.nix` or `AllPackages.nix`.
-
-### Syntax
-
-- Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
-
-- Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use `(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)` in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so it’s asking for trouble.
-
-- Use `lowerCamelCase` for variable names, not `UpperCamelCase`. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in [package naming](./pkgs/README.md#package-naming).
-
-- Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
-
-  ```nix
-  foo {
-    arg = ...;
-  }
-  ```
-
-  not
-
-  ```nix
-  foo
-  {
-    arg = ...;
-  }
-  ```
-
-  Also fine is
-
-  ```nix
-  foo { arg = ...; }
-  ```
-
-  if it's a short call.
-
-- In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
-
-  ```nix
-  # A long list.
-  list = [
-    elem1
-    elem2
-    elem3
-  ];
-
-  # A long attribute set.
-  attrs = {
-    attr1 = short_expr;
-    attr2 =
-      if true then big_expr else big_expr;
-  };
-
-  # Combined
-  listOfAttrs = [
-    {
-      attr1 = 3;
-      attr2 = "fff";
-    }
-    {
-      attr1 = 5;
-      attr2 = "ggg";
-    }
-  ];
-  ```
-
-- Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
-
-  ```nix
-  # A short list.
-  list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
-
-  # A short set.
-  attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
-  ```
-
-- Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
-
-  ```nix
-  someFunction { x = 1280;
-    y = 1024; } otherArg
-    yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-  (especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
-
-  Better:
-
-  ```nix
-  someFunction
-    { x = 1280; y = 1024; }
-    otherArg
-    yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-  or
-
-  ```nix
-  let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
-  in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
-  ```
-
-- The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2 }:
-  assert system == "i686-linux";
-  stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
-  ```
-
-  not
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2 }:
-    assert system == "i686-linux";
-      stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
-  ```
-
-- Function formal arguments are written as:
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
-  ```
-
-  but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
-
-  ```nix
-  { arg1, arg2, arg3
-  , arg4, ...
-  , # Some comment...
-    argN
-  }:
-  ```
-
-- Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: ...
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  args: with args; ...
-  ```
-
-  or
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: ...
-  ```
-
-  For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around `mkDerivation`) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an `@`-pattern:
-
-  ```nix
-  { stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
-
-  stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
-    ... if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
-  })
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  args:
-
-  args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
-    ... if args ? doCoverageAnalysis && args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
-  })
-  ```
-
-- Unnecessary string conversions should be avoided. Do
-
-  ```nix
-  rev = version;
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  rev = "${version}";
-  ```
-
-- Building lists conditionally _should_ be done with `lib.optional(s)` instead of using `if cond then [ ... ] else null` or `if cond then [ ... ] else [ ]`.
-
-  ```nix
-  buildInputs = lib.optional stdenv.isDarwin iconv;
-  ```
-
-  instead of
-
-  ```nix
-  buildInputs = if stdenv.isDarwin then [ iconv ] else null;
-  ```
-
-  As an exception, an explicit conditional expression with null can be used when fixing a important bug without triggering a mass rebuild.
-  If this is done a follow up pull request _should_ be created to change the code to `lib.optional(s)`.
+See the nixpkgs manual for more details on how to [Review contributions](https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-reviewing-contributions).

COPYING

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2003-2023 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
+Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Eelco Dolstra and the Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

README.md

@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Nixpkgs and NixOS are built and tested by our continuous integration
 system, [Hydra](https://hydra.nixos.org/).
 
 * [Continuous package builds for unstable/master](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/trunk-combined)
-* [Continuous package builds for the NixOS 23.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/release-23.11)
+* [Continuous package builds for the NixOS 21.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/jobset/nixos/release-21.11)
 * [Tests for unstable/master](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/tested#tabs-constituents)
-* [Tests for the NixOS 23.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/release-23.11/tested#tabs-constituents)
+* [Tests for the NixOS 21.11 release](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/release-21.11/tested#tabs-constituents)
 
 Artifacts successfully built with Hydra are published to cache at
 https://cache.nixos.org/. When successful build and test criteria are
@@ -70,7 +70,26 @@ Linux distribution. The [GitHub Insights](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulse
 page gives a sense of the project activity.
 
 Community contributions are always welcome through GitHub Issues and
-Pull Requests.
+Pull Requests. When pull requests are made, our tooling automation bot,
+[OfBorg](https://github.com/NixOS/ofborg) will perform various checks
+to help ensure expression quality.
+
+The *Nixpkgs maintainers* are people who have assigned themselves to
+maintain specific individual packages. We encourage people who care
+about a package to assign themselves as a maintainer. When a pull
+request is made against a package, OfBorg will notify the appropriate
+maintainer(s). The *Nixpkgs committers* are people who have been given
+permission to merge.
+
+Most contributions are based on and merged into these branches:
+
+* `master` is the main branch where all small contributions go
+* `staging` is branched from master, changes that have a big impact on
+  Hydra builds go to this branch
+* `staging-next` is branched from staging and only fixes to stabilize
+  and security fixes with a big impact on Hydra builds should be
+  contributed to this branch. This branch is merged into master when
+  deemed of sufficiently high quality
 
 For more information about contributing to the project, please visit
 the [contributing page](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).

doc/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+*.chapter.xml
+*.section.xml
+.version
+functions/library/generated
+functions/library/locations.xml
+highlightjs
+manual-full.xml
+out

doc/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+MD_TARGETS=$(addsuffix .xml, $(basename $(shell find . -type f -regex '.*\.md$$' -not -name README.md)))
+
+PANDOC ?= pandoc
+
+pandoc_media_dir = media
+# NOTE: Keep in sync with NixOS manual (/nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh) and conversion script (/maintainers/scripts/db-to-md.sh).
+# TODO: Remove raw-attribute when we can get rid of DocBook altogether.
+pandoc_commonmark_enabled_extensions = +attributes+fenced_divs+footnotes+bracketed_spans+definition_lists+pipe_tables+raw_attribute
+# Not needed:
+# - docbook-reader/citerefentry-to-rst-role.lua (only relevant for DocBook → MarkDown/rST/MyST)
+pandoc_flags = --extract-media=$(pandoc_media_dir) \
+	--lua-filter=$(PANDOC_LUA_FILTERS_DIR)/diagram-generator.lua \
+	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-reader/roles.lua \
+	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/link-unix-man-references.lua \
+	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/rst-roles.lua \
+	--lua-filter=build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/labelless-link-is-xref.lua \
+	-f commonmark$(pandoc_commonmark_enabled_extensions)+smart
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: validate format out/html/index.html out/epub/manual.epub
+
+.PHONY: debug
+debug:
+	nix-shell --run "xmloscopy --docbook5 ./manual.xml ./manual-full.xml"
+
+.PHONY: format
+format: doc-support/result
+	find . -iname '*.xml' -type f | while read f; do \
+		echo $$f ;\
+		xmlformat --config-file "doc-support/result/xmlformat.conf" -i $$f ;\
+	done
+
+.PHONY: fix-misc-xml
+fix-misc-xml:
+	find . -iname '*.xml' -type f \
+		-exec ../nixos/doc/varlistentry-fixer.rb {} ';'
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -f ${MD_TARGETS} doc-support/result .version manual-full.xml functions/library/locations.xml functions/library/generated
+	rm -rf ./out/ ./highlightjs ./media
+
+.PHONY: validate
+validate: manual-full.xml doc-support/result
+	jing doc-support/result/docbook.rng manual-full.xml
+
+out/html/index.html: doc-support/result manual-full.xml style.css highlightjs
+	mkdir -p out/html
+	xsltproc \
+		--nonet --xinclude \
+		--output $@ \
+		doc-support/result/xhtml.xsl \
+		./manual-full.xml
+
+	mkdir -p out/html/highlightjs/
+	cp -r highlightjs out/html/
+
+	cp -r $(pandoc_media_dir) out/html/
+	cp ./overrides.css out/html/
+	cp ./style.css out/html/style.css
+
+	mkdir -p out/html/images/callouts
+	cp doc-support/result/xsl/docbook/images/callouts/*.svg out/html/images/callouts/
+	chmod u+w -R out/html/
+
+out/epub/manual.epub: manual-full.xml
+	mkdir -p out/epub/scratch
+	xsltproc --nonet \
+		--output out/epub/scratch/ \
+		doc-support/result/epub.xsl \
+		./manual-full.xml
+
+	cp -r $(pandoc_media_dir) out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
+	cp ./overrides.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
+	cp ./style.css out/epub/scratch/OEBPS
+	mkdir -p out/epub/scratch/OEBPS/images/callouts/
+	cp doc-support/result/xsl/docbook/images/callouts/*.svg out/epub/scratch/OEBPS/images/callouts/
+	echo "application/epub+zip" > mimetype
+	zip -0Xq "out/epub/manual.epub" mimetype
+	rm mimetype
+	cd "out/epub/scratch/" && zip -Xr9D "../manual.epub" *
+	rm -rf "out/epub/scratch/"
+
+highlightjs: doc-support/result
+	mkdir -p highlightjs
+	cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/highlight.pack.js highlightjs/
+	cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/LICENSE highlightjs/
+	cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/mono-blue.css highlightjs/
+	cp -r doc-support/result/highlightjs/loader.js highlightjs/
+
+
+manual-full.xml: ${MD_TARGETS} .version functions/library/locations.xml functions/library/generated *.xml **/*.xml **/**/*.xml
+	xmllint --nonet --xinclude --noxincludenode manual.xml --output manual-full.xml
+
+.version: doc-support/result
+	ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/version .version
+
+doc-support/result: doc-support/default.nix
+	(cd doc-support; nix-build)
+
+functions/library/locations.xml: doc-support/result
+	ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/function-locations.xml functions/library/locations.xml
+
+functions/library/generated: doc-support/result
+	ln -rfs ./doc-support/result/function-docs functions/library/generated
+
+%.section.xml: %.section.md
+	$(PANDOC) $^ -t docbook \
+		$(pandoc_flags) \
+		-o $@
+
+%.chapter.xml: %.chapter.md
+	$(PANDOC) $^ -t docbook \
+		--top-level-division=chapter \
+		$(pandoc_flags) \
+		-o $@

doc/README.md

@@ -1,213 +1,12 @@
-# Contributing to the Nixpkgs reference manual
 
-This directory houses the sources files for the Nixpkgs reference manual.
+# Nixpkgs/doc
 
-Going forward, it should only contain [reference](https://nix.dev/contributing/documentation/diataxis#reference) documentation.
-For tutorials, guides and explanations, contribute to <https://nix.dev/> instead.
+This directory houses the sources files for the Nixpkgs manual.
 
-For documentation only relevant for contributors, use Markdown files and code comments in the source code.
+You can find the [rendered documentation for Nixpkgs `unstable` on nixos.org](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/).
 
-Rendered documentation:
-- [Unstable (from master)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/)
-- [Stable (from latest release)](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/)
+[Docs for Nixpkgs stable](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/) are also available.
 
-The rendering tool is [nixos-render-docs](../pkgs/tools/nix/nixos-render-docs/src/nixos_render_docs), sometimes abbreviated `nrd`.
+If you want to contribute to the documentation, [here's how to do it](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#chap-contributing).
 
-## Contributing to this documentation
-
-You can quickly check your edits with `nix-build`:
-
-```ShellSession
-$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs
-$ nix-build doc
-```
-
-If the build succeeds, the manual will be in `./result/share/doc/nixpkgs/manual.html`.
-
-### devmode
-
-The shell in the manual source directory makes available a command, `devmode`.
-It is a daemon, that:
-1. watches the manual's source for changes and when they occur — rebuilds
-2. HTTP serves the manual, injecting a script that triggers reload on changes
-3. opens the manual in the default browser
-
-## Syntax
-
-As per [RFC 0072](https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/pull/72), all new documentation content should be written in [CommonMark](https://commonmark.org/) Markdown dialect.
-
-Additional syntax extensions are available, all of which can be used in NixOS option documentation. The following extensions are currently used:
-
-#### Tables
-
-Tables, using the [GitHub-flavored Markdown syntax](https://github.github.com/gfm/#tables-extension-).
-
-#### Anchors
-
-Explicitly defined **anchors** on headings, to allow linking to sections. These should be always used, to ensure the anchors can be linked even when the heading text changes, and to prevent conflicts between [automatically assigned identifiers](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/auto_identifiers.md).
-
-It uses the widely compatible [header attributes](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/attributes.md) syntax:
-
-```markdown
-## Syntax {#sec-contributing-markup}
-```
-
-> [!Note]
-> NixOS option documentation does not support headings in general.
-
-#### Inline Anchors
-
-Allow linking arbitrary place in the text (e.g. individual list items, sentences…).
-
-They are defined using a hybrid of the link syntax with the attributes syntax known from headings, called [bracketed spans](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/bracketed_spans.md):
-
-```markdown
-- []{#ssec-gnome-hooks-glib} `glib` setup hook will populate `GSETTINGS_SCHEMAS_PATH` and then `wrapGAppsHook` will prepend it to `XDG_DATA_DIRS`.
-```
-
-#### Automatic links
-
-If you **omit a link text** for a link pointing to a section, the text will be substituted automatically. For example `[](#chap-contributing)`.
-
-This syntax is taken from [MyST](https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using/syntax.html#targets-and-cross-referencing).
-
-#### Roles
-
-If you want to link to a man page, you can use `` {manpage}`nix.conf(5)` ``. The references will turn into links when a mapping exists in [`doc/manpage-urls.json`](./manpage-urls.json).
-
-A few markups for other kinds of literals are also available:
-
-- `` {command}`rm -rfi` ``
-- `` {env}`XDG_DATA_DIRS` ``
-- `` {file}`/etc/passwd` ``
-- `` {option}`networking.useDHCP` ``
-- `` {var}`/etc/passwd` ``
-
-These literal kinds are used mostly in NixOS option documentation.
-
-This syntax is taken from [MyST](https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point). Though, the feature originates from [reStructuredText](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html#role-manpage) with slightly different syntax.
-
-#### Admonitions
-
-Set off from the text to bring attention to something.
-
-It uses pandoc’s [fenced `div`s syntax](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/fenced_divs.md):
-
-```markdown
-::: {.warning}
-This is a warning
-:::
-```
-
-The following are supported:
-
-- [`caution`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/caution.html)
-- [`important`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/important.html)
-- [`note`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/note.html)
-- [`tip`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/tip.html)
-- [`warning`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/warning.html)
-- [`example`](https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.0/example.html)
-
-Example admonitions require a title to work.
-If you don't provide one, the manual won't be built.
-
-```markdown
-::: {.example #ex-showing-an-example}
-
-# Title for this example
-
-Text for the example.
-:::
-```
-
-#### [Definition lists](https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/blob/master/commonmark-extensions/test/definition_lists.md)
-
-For defining a group of terms:
-
-```markdown
-pear
-:   green or yellow bulbous fruit
-
-watermelon
-:   green fruit with red flesh
-```
-
-## Commit conventions
-
-- Make sure you read about the [commit conventions](../CONTRIBUTING.md#commit-conventions) common to Nixpkgs as a whole.
-
-- If creating a commit purely for documentation changes, format the commit message in the following way:
-
-  ```
-  doc: (documentation summary)
-
-  (Motivation for change, relevant links, additional information.)
-  ```
-
-  Examples:
-
-  * doc: update the kernel config documentation to use `nix-shell`
-  * doc: add information about `nix-update-script`
-
-    Closes #216321.
-
-- If the commit contains more than just documentation changes, follow the commit message format relevant for the rest of the changes.
-
-## Documentation conventions
-
-In an effort to keep the Nixpkgs manual in a consistent style, please follow the conventions below, unless they prevent you from properly documenting something.
-In that case, please open an issue about the particular documentation convention and tag it with a "needs: documentation" label.
-
-- Put each sentence in its own line.
-  This makes reviews and suggestions much easier, since GitHub's review system is based on lines.
-  It also helps identifying long sentences at a glance.
-
-- Use the [admonition syntax](#admonitions) for callouts and examples.
-
-- Provide at least one example per function, and make examples self-contained.
-  This is easier to understand for beginners.
-  It also helps with testing that it actually works – especially once we introduce automation.
-
-  Example code should be such that it can be passed to `pkgs.callPackage`.
-  Instead of something like:
-
-  ```nix
-  pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-    name = "hello";
-    contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
-  }
-  ```
-
-  Write something like:
-
-  ```nix
-  { dockerTools, hello }:
-  dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
-    name = "hello";
-    contents = [ hello ];
-  }
-  ```
-
-- Use [definition lists](#definition-lists) to document function arguments, and the attributes of such arguments. For example:
-
-  ```markdown
-  # pkgs.coolFunction
-
-  Description of what `coolFunction` does.
-  `coolFunction` expects a single argument which should be an attribute set, with the following possible attributes:
-
-  `name`
-
-  : The name of the resulting image.
-
-  `tag` _optional_
-
-  : Tag of the generated image.
-
-    _Default value:_ the output path's hash.
-
-  ```
-
-## Getting help
-
-If you need documentation-specific help or reviews, ping [@NixOS/documentation-reviewers](https://github.com/orgs/nixos/teams/documentation-reviewers) on your pull request.
+If you're only getting started with Nix, go to [nixos.org/learn](https://nixos.org/learn).

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-reader/citerefentry-to-rst-role.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+--[[
+Converts Code AST nodes produced by pandoc’s DocBook reader
+from citerefentry elements into AST for corresponding role
+for reStructuredText.
+
+We use subset of MyST syntax (CommonMark with features from rST)
+so let’s use the rST AST for rST features.
+
+Reference: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html#role-manpage
+]]
+
+function Code(elem)
+  elem.classes = elem.classes:map(function (x)
+    if x == 'citerefentry' then
+      elem.attributes['role'] = 'manpage'
+      return 'interpreted-text'
+    else
+      return x
+    end
+  end)
+
+  return elem
+end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/labelless-link-is-xref.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+--[[
+Converts Link AST nodes with empty label to DocBook xref elements.
+
+This is a temporary script to be able use cross-references conveniently
+using syntax taken from MyST, while we still use docbook-xsl
+for generating the documentation.
+
+Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using/syntax.html#targets-and-cross-referencing
+]]
+
+local function starts_with(start, str)
+  return str:sub(1, #start) == start
+end
+
+local function escape_xml_arg(arg)
+  amps = arg:gsub('&', '&')
+  amps_quotes = amps:gsub('"', '"')
+  amps_quotes_lt = amps_quotes:gsub('<', '&lt;')
+
+  return amps_quotes_lt
+end
+
+function Link(elem)
+  has_no_content = #elem.content == 0
+  targets_anchor = starts_with('#', elem.target)
+  has_no_attributes = elem.title == '' and elem.identifier == '' and #elem.classes == 0 and #elem.attributes == 0
+
+  if has_no_content and targets_anchor and has_no_attributes then
+    -- xref expects idref without the pound-sign
+    target_without_hash = elem.target:sub(2, #elem.target)
+
+    return pandoc.RawInline('docbook', '<xref linkend="' .. escape_xml_arg(target_without_hash) .. '" />')
+  end
+end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/docbook-writer/rst-roles.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+--[[
+Converts AST for reStructuredText roles into corresponding
+DocBook elements.
+
+Currently, only a subset of roles is supported.
+
+Reference:
+  List of roles:
+    https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/roles.html
+  manpage:
+    https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.1/citerefentry.html
+  file:
+    https://tdg.docbook.org/tdg/5.1/filename.html
+]]
+
+function Code(elem)
+  if elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') then
+    local tag = nil
+    local content = elem.text
+    if elem.attributes['role'] == 'manpage' then
+      tag = 'citerefentry'
+      local title, volnum = content:match('^(.+)%((%w+)%)$')
+      if title == nil then
+        -- No volnum in parentheses.
+        title = content
+      end
+      content = '<refentrytitle>' .. title .. '</refentrytitle>' .. (volnum ~= nil and ('<manvolnum>' .. volnum .. '</manvolnum>') or '')
+    elseif elem.attributes['role'] == 'file' then
+      tag = 'filename'
+    end
+
+    if tag ~= nil then
+      return pandoc.RawInline('docbook', '<' .. tag .. '>' .. content .. '</' .. tag .. '>')
+    end
+  end
+end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/link-unix-man-references.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+--[[
+Turns a manpage reference into a link, when a mapping is defined below.
+]]
+
+local man_urls = {
+  ["tmpfiles.d(5)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/tmpfiles.d.html",
+  ["nix.conf(5)"] = "https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#sec-conf-file",
+  ["systemd.time(7)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.time.html",
+  ["systemd.timer(5)"] = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.timer.html",
+}
+
+function Code(elem)
+  local is_man_role = elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') and elem.attributes['role'] == 'manpage'
+  if is_man_role and man_urls[elem.text] ~= nil then
+    return pandoc.Link(elem, man_urls[elem.text])
+  end
+end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-reader/roles.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--[[
+Replaces Str AST nodes containing {role}, followed by a Code node
+by a Code node with attrs that would be produced by rST reader
+from the role syntax.
+
+This is to emulate MyST syntax in Pandoc.
+(MyST is a CommonMark flavour with rST features mixed in.)
+
+Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point
+]]
+
+function Inlines(inlines)
+  for i = #inlines-1,1,-1 do
+    local first = inlines[i]
+    local second = inlines[i+1]
+    local correct_tags = first.tag == 'Str' and second.tag == 'Code'
+    if correct_tags then
+      -- docutils supports alphanumeric strings separated by [-._:]
+      -- We are slightly more liberal for simplicity.
+      local role = first.text:match('^{([-._+:%w]+)}$')
+      if role ~= nil then
+        inlines:remove(i)
+        second.attributes['role'] = role
+        second.classes:insert('interpreted-text')
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return inlines
+end

doc/build-aux/pandoc-filters/myst-writer/roles.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+--[[
+Replaces Code nodes with attrs that would be produced by rST reader
+from the role syntax by a Str AST node containing {role}, followed by a Code node.
+
+This is to emulate MyST syntax in Pandoc.
+(MyST is a CommonMark flavour with rST features mixed in.)
+
+Reference: https://myst-parser.readthedocs.io/en/latest/syntax/syntax.html#roles-an-in-line-extension-point
+]]
+
+function Code(elem)
+  local role = elem.attributes['role']
+
+  if elem.classes:includes('interpreted-text') and role ~= nil then
+    elem.classes = elem.classes:filter(function (c)
+      return c ~= 'interpreted-text'
+    end)
+    elem.attributes['role'] = nil
+
+    return {
+      pandoc.Str('{' .. role .. '}'),
+      elem,
+    }
+  end
+end

doc/build-helpers.md

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Build helpers {#part-builders}
-
-A build helper is a function that produces derivations.
-
-:::{.warning}
-This is not to be confused with the [`builder` argument of the Nix `derivation` primitive](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/unstable/language/derivations.html), which refers to the executable that produces the build result, or [remote builder](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/advanced-topics/distributed-builds.html), which refers to a remote  machine that could run such an executable.
-:::
-
-Such a function is usually designed to abstract over a typical workflow for a given programming language or framework.
-This allows declaring a build recipe by setting a limited number of options relevant to the particular use case instead of using the `derivation` function directly.
-
-[`stdenv.mkDerivation`](#part-stdenv) is the most widely used build helper, and serves as a basis for many others.
-In addition, it offers various options to customize parts of the builds.
-
-There is no uniform interface for build helpers.
-[Trivial build helpers](#chap-trivial-builders) and [fetchers](#chap-pkgs-fetchers) have various input types for convenience.
-[Language- or framework-specific build helpers](#chap-language-support) usually follow the style of `stdenv.mkDerivation`, which accepts an attribute set or a fixed-point function taking an attribute set.
-
-```{=include=} chapters
-build-helpers/fetchers.chapter.md
-build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
-build-helpers/testers.chapter.md
-build-helpers/special.md
-build-helpers/images.md
-hooks/index.md
-languages-frameworks/index.md
-packages/index.md
-```

doc/build-helpers/fetchers.chapter.md

@@ -1,283 +0,0 @@
-# Fetchers {#chap-pkgs-fetchers}
-
-Building software with Nix often requires downloading source code and other files from the internet.
-To this end, Nixpkgs provides *fetchers*: functions to obtain remote sources via various protocols and services.
-
-Nixpkgs fetchers differ from built-in fetchers such as [`builtins.fetchTarball`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/builtins.html#builtins-fetchTarball):
-- A built-in fetcher will download and cache files at evaluation time and produce a [store path](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary#gloss-store-path).
-  A Nixpkgs fetcher will create a ([fixed-output](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary#gloss-fixed-output-derivation)) [derivation](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/derivations), and files are downloaded at build time.
-- Built-in fetchers will invalidate their cache after [`tarball-ttl`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-tarball-ttl) expires, and will require network activity to check if the cache entry is up to date.
-  Nixpkgs fetchers only re-download if the specified hash changes or the store object is not otherwise available.
-- Built-in fetchers do not use [substituters](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-substituters).
-  Derivations produced by Nixpkgs fetchers will use any configured binary cache transparently.
-
-This significantly reduces the time needed to evaluate the entirety of Nixpkgs, and allows [Hydra](https://nixos.org/hydra) to retain and re-distribute sources used by Nixpkgs in the [public binary cache](https://cache.nixos.org).
-For these reasons, built-in fetchers are not allowed in Nixpkgs source code.
-
-The following table shows an overview of the differences:
-
-| Fetchers | Download | Output | Cache | Re-download when |
-|-|-|-|-|-|
-| `builtins.fetch*` | evaluation time | store path | `/nix/store`, `~/.cache/nix` | `tarball-ttl` expires, cache miss in `~/.cache/nix`, output store object not in local store |
-| `pkgs.fetch*` | build time | derivation | `/nix/store`, substituters | output store object not available |
-
-## Caveats {#chap-pkgs-fetchers-caveats}
-
-The fact that the hash belongs to the Nix derivation output and not the file itself can lead to confusion.
-For example, consider the following fetcher:
-
-```nix
-fetchurl {
-  url = "http://www.example.org/hello-1.0.tar.gz";
-  hash = "sha256-lTeyxzJNQeMdu1IVdovNMtgn77jRIhSybLdMbTkf2Ww=";
-};
-```
-
-A common mistake is to update a fetcher’s URL, or a version parameter, without updating the hash.
-
-```nix
-fetchurl {
-  url = "http://www.example.org/hello-1.1.tar.gz";
-  hash = "sha256-lTeyxzJNQeMdu1IVdovNMtgn77jRIhSybLdMbTkf2Ww=";
-};
-```
-
-**This will reuse the old contents**.
-Remember to invalidate the hash argument, in this case by setting the `hash` attribute to an empty string.
-
-```nix
-fetchurl {
-  url = "http://www.example.org/hello-1.1.tar.gz";
-  hash = "";
-};
-```
-
-Use the resulting error message to determine the correct hash.
-
-```
-error: hash mismatch in fixed-output derivation '/path/to/my.drv':
-         specified: sha256-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
-            got:    sha256-lTeyxzJNQeMdu1IVdovNMtgn77jRIhSybLdMbTkf2Ww=
-```
-
-A similar problem arises while testing changes to a fetcher's implementation. If the output of the derivation already exists in the Nix store, test failures can go undetected. The [`invalidateFetcherByDrvHash`](#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash) function helps prevent reusing cached derivations.
-
-## `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` {#fetchurl}
-
-Two basic fetchers are `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically `hash`, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use `hash`. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of `fetchurl` is provided below.
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "hello";
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
-    hash = "sha256-BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB=";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-The main difference between `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` is in how they store the contents. `fetchurl` will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. `fetchzip` on the other hand, will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. `fetchzip` can only be used with archives. Despite the name, `fetchzip` is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
-
-## `fetchpatch` {#fetchpatch}
-
-`fetchpatch` works very similarly to `fetchurl` with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example, it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
-
-- `relative`: Similar to using `git-diff`'s `--relative` flag, only keep changes inside the specified directory, making paths relative to it.
-- `stripLen`: Remove the first `stripLen` components of pathnames in the patch.
-- `decode`: Pipe the downloaded data through this command before processing it as a patch.
-- `extraPrefix`: Prefix pathnames by this string.
-- `excludes`: Exclude files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
-- `includes`: Include only files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
-- `revert`: Revert the patch.
-
-Note that because the checksum is computed after applying these effects, using or modifying these arguments will have no effect unless the `hash` argument is changed as well.
-
-
-Most other fetchers return a directory rather than a single file.
-
-
-## `fetchDebianPatch` {#fetchdebianpatch}
-
-A wrapper around `fetchpatch`, which takes:
-- `patch` and `hash`: the patch's filename,
-  and its hash after normalization by `fetchpatch` ;
-- `pname`: the Debian source package's name ;
-- `version`: the upstream version number ;
-- `debianRevision`: the [Debian revision number] if applicable ;
-- the `area` of the Debian archive: `main` (default), `contrib`, or `non-free`.
-
-Here is an example of `fetchDebianPatch` in action:
-
-```nix
-{ lib
-, fetchDebianPatch
-, buildPythonPackage
-}:
-
-buildPythonPackage rec {
-  pname = "pysimplesoap";
-  version = "1.16.2";
-  src = ...;
-
-  patches = [
-    (fetchDebianPatch {
-      inherit pname version;
-      debianRevision = "5";
-      name = "Add-quotes-to-SOAPAction-header-in-SoapClient.patch";
-      hash = "sha256-xA8Wnrpr31H8wy3zHSNfezFNjUJt1HbSXn3qUMzeKc0=";
-    })
-  ];
-
-  ...
-}
-```
-
-Patches are fetched from `sources.debian.org`, and so must come from a
-package version that was uploaded to the Debian archive.  Packages may
-be removed from there once that specific version isn't in any suite
-anymore (stable, testing, unstable, etc.), so maintainers should use
-`copy-tarballs.pl` to archive the patch if it needs to be available
-longer-term.
-
-[Debian revision number]: https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-controlfields.html#version
-
-
-## `fetchsvn` {#fetchsvn}
-
-Used with Subversion. Expects `url` to a Subversion directory, `rev`, and `hash`.
-
-## `fetchgit` {#fetchgit}
-
-Used with Git. Expects `url` to a Git repo, `rev`, and `hash`. `rev` in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like `refs/tags/v1.0`.
-
-Additionally, the following optional arguments can be given: `fetchSubmodules = true` makes `fetchgit` also fetch the submodules of a repository. If `deepClone` is set to true, the entire repository is cloned as opposing to just creating a shallow clone. `deepClone = true` also implies `leaveDotGit = true` which means that the `.git` directory of the clone won't be removed after checkout.
-
-If only parts of the repository are needed, `sparseCheckout` can be used. This will prevent git from fetching unnecessary blobs from server, see [git sparse-checkout](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-sparse-checkout) for more information:
-
-```nix
-{ stdenv, fetchgit }:
-
-stdenv.mkDerivation {
-  name = "hello";
-  src = fetchgit {
-    url = "https://...";
-    sparseCheckout = [
-      "directory/to/be/included"
-      "another/directory"
-    ];
-    hash = "sha256-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=";
-  };
-}
-```
-
-## `fetchfossil` {#fetchfossil}
-
-Used with Fossil. Expects `url` to a Fossil archive, `rev`, and `hash`.
-
-## `fetchcvs` {#fetchcvs}
-
-Used with CVS. Expects `cvsRoot`, `tag`, and `hash`.
-
-## `fetchhg` {#fetchhg}
-
-Used with Mercurial. Expects `url`, `rev`, and `hash`.
-
-A number of fetcher functions wrap part of `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
-
-## `fetchFromGitea` {#fetchfromgitea}
-
-`fetchFromGitea` expects five arguments. `domain` is the gitea server name. `owner` is a string corresponding to the Gitea user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every Gitea HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `hash` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `hash` is currently preferred.
-
-## `fetchFromGitHub` {#fetchfromgithub}
-
-`fetchFromGitHub` expects four arguments. `owner` is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `hash` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available, but `hash` is currently preferred.
-
-To use a different GitHub instance, use `githubBase` (defaults to `"github.com"`).
-
-`fetchFromGitHub` uses `fetchzip` to download the source archive generated by GitHub for the specified revision. If `leaveDotGit`, `deepClone` or `fetchSubmodules` are set to `true`, `fetchFromGitHub` will use `fetchgit` instead. Refer to its section for documentation of these options.
-
-## `fetchFromGitLab` {#fetchfromgitlab}
-
-This is used with GitLab repositories. It behaves similarly to `fetchFromGitHub`, and expects `owner`, `repo`, `rev`, and `hash`.
-
-To use a specific GitLab instance, use `domain` (defaults to `"gitlab.com"`).
-
-
-## `fetchFromGitiles` {#fetchfromgitiles}
-
-This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected are similar to `fetchgit`.
-
-## `fetchFromBitbucket` {#fetchfrombitbucket}
-
-This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
-
-## `fetchFromSavannah` {#fetchfromsavannah}
-
-This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
-
-## `fetchFromRepoOrCz` {#fetchfromrepoorcz}
-
-This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
-
-## `fetchFromSourcehut` {#fetchfromsourcehut}
-
-This is used with sourcehut repositories. Similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above,
-it expects `owner`, `repo`, `rev` and `hash`, but don't forget the tilde (~)
-in front of the username! Expected arguments also include `vc` ("git" (default)
-or "hg"), `domain` and `fetchSubmodules`.
-
-If `fetchSubmodules` is `true`, `fetchFromSourcehut` uses `fetchgit`
-or `fetchhg` with `fetchSubmodules` or `fetchSubrepos` set to `true`,
-respectively. Otherwise, the fetcher uses `fetchzip`.
-
-## `requireFile` {#requirefile}
-
-`requireFile` allows requesting files that cannot be fetched automatically, but whose content is known.
-This is a useful last-resort workaround for license restrictions that prohibit redistribution, or for downloads that are only accessible after authenticating interactively in a browser.
-If the requested file is present in the Nix store, the resulting derivation will not be built, because its expected output is already available.
-Otherwise, the builder will run, but fail with a message explaining to the user how to provide the file. The following code, for example:
-
-```
-requireFile {
-  name = "jdk-${version}_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz";
-  url = "https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jdk11-downloads.html";
-  hash = "sha256-lL00+F7jjT71nlKJ7HRQuUQ7kkxVYlZh//5msD8sjeI=";
-}
-```
-results in this error message:
-```
-***
-Unfortunately, we cannot download file jdk-11.0.10_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz automatically.
-Please go to https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jdk11-downloads.html to download it yourself, and add it to the Nix store
-using either
-  nix-store --add-fixed sha256 jdk-11.0.10_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
-or
-  nix-prefetch-url --type sha256 file:///path/to/jdk-11.0.10_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
-
-***
-```
-## `fetchtorrent` {#fetchtorrent}
-
-`fetchtorrent` expects two arguments. `url` which can either be a Magnet URI (Magnet Link) such as `magnet:?xt=urn:btih:dd8255ecdc7ca55fb0bbf81323d87062db1f6d1c` or an HTTP URL pointing to a `.torrent` file. It can also take a `config` argument which will craft a `settings.json` configuration file and give it to `transmission`, the underlying program that is performing the fetch. The available config options for `transmission` can be found [here](https://github.com/transmission/transmission/blob/main/docs/Editing-Configuration-Files.md#options)
-
-```
-{ fetchtorrent }:
-
-fetchtorrent {
-  config = { peer-limit-global = 100; };
-  url = "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:dd8255ecdc7ca55fb0bbf81323d87062db1f6d1c";
-  sha256 = "";
-}
-```
-
-### Parameters {#fetchtorrent-parameters}
-
-- `url`: Magnet URI (Magnet Link) such as `magnet:?xt=urn:btih:dd8255ecdc7ca55fb0bbf81323d87062db1f6d1c` or an HTTP URL pointing to a `.torrent` file.
-
-- `backend`: Which bittorrent program to use. Default: `"transmission"`. Valid values are `"rqbit"` or `"transmission"`. These are the two most suitable torrent clients for fetching in a fixed-output derivation at the time of writing, as they can be easily exited after usage. `rqbit` is written in Rust and has a smaller closure size than `transmission`, and the performance and peer discovery properties differs between these clients, requiring experimentation to decide upon which is the best.
-
-- `config`: When using `transmission` as the `backend`, a json configuration can
-  be supplied to transmission. Refer to the [upstream documentation](https://github.com/transmission/transmission/blob/main/docs/Editing-Configuration-Files.md) for information on how to configure.
-

doc/build-helpers/images.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# Images {#chap-images}
-
-This chapter describes tools for creating various types of images.
-
-```{=include=} sections
-images/appimagetools.section.md
-images/dockertools.section.md
-images/ocitools.section.md
-images/snaptools.section.md
-images/portableservice.section.md
-images/makediskimage.section.md
-images/binarycache.section.md
-```

doc/build-helpers/images/appimagetools.section.md

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
-
-`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files.
-They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or if it would take too long.
-To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
-
-::: {.warning}
-The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
-:::
-
-## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
-
-Use `wrapType2` to wrap any AppImage.
-This will create a FHS environment with many packages [expected to exist](https://github.com/AppImage/pkg2appimage/blob/master/excludelist) for the AppImage to work.
-`wrapType2` expects an argument with the `src` attribute, and either a `name` attribute or `pname` and `version` attributes.
-
-It will eventually call into [`buildFHSEnv`](#sec-fhs-environments), and any extra attributes in the argument to `wrapType2` will be passed through to it.
-This means that you can pass the `extraInstallCommands` attribute, for example, and it will have the same effect as described in [`buildFHSEnv`](#sec-fhs-environments).
-
-::: {.note}
-In the past, `appimageTools` provided both `wrapType1` and `wrapType2`, to be used depending on the type of AppImage that was being wrapped.
-However, [those were unified early 2020](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/81833), meaning that both `wrapType1` and `wrapType2` have the same behaviour now.
-:::
-
-:::{.example #ex-wrapping-appimage-from-github}
-
-# Wrapping an AppImage from GitHub
-
-```nix
-{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
-let
-  pname = "nuclear";
-  version = "0.6.30";
-
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://github.com/nukeop/nuclear/releases/download/v${version}/${pname}-v${version}.AppImage";
-    hash = "sha256-he1uGC1M/nFcKpMM9JKY4oeexJcnzV0ZRxhTjtJz6xw=";
-  };
-in
-appimageTools.wrapType2 {
-  inherit pname version src;
-}
-```
-
-:::
-
-The argument passed to `wrapType2` can also contain an `extraPkgs` attribute, which allows you to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in.
-`extraPkgs` must be a function that returns a list of packages.
-There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
-
-  - Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables.
-    This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
-  - Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.
-
-:::{.example #ex-wrapping-appimage-with-extrapkgs}
-
-# Wrapping an AppImage with extra packages
-
-```nix
-{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
-let
-  pname = "irccloud";
-  version = "0.16.0";
-
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://github.com/irccloud/irccloud-desktop/releases/download/v${version}/IRCCloud-${version}-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
-    sha256 = "sha256-/hMPvYdnVB1XjKgU2v47HnVvW4+uC3rhRjbucqin4iI=";
-  };
-in appimageTools.wrapType2 {
-  inherit pname version src;
-  extraPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.at-spi2-core ];
-}
-```
-
-:::
-
-## Extracting {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-extracting}
-
-Use `extract` if you need to extract the contents of an AppImage.
-This is usually used in Nixpkgs to install extra files in addition to [wrapping](#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping) the AppImage.
-`extract` expects an argument with the `src` attribute, and either a `name` attribute or `pname` and `version` attributes.
-
-::: {.note}
-In the past, `appimageTools` provided both `extractType1` and `extractType2`, to be used depending on the type of AppImage that was being extracted.
-However, [those were unified early 2020](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/81572), meaning that both `extractType1` and `extractType2` have the same behaviour as `extract` now.
-:::
-
-:::{.example #ex-extracting-appimage}
-
-# Extracting an AppImage to install extra files
-
-This example was adapted from a real package in Nixpkgs to show how `extract` is usually used in combination with `wrapType2`.
-Note how `appimageContents` is used in `extraInstallCommands` to install additional files that were extracted from the AppImage.
-
-```nix
-{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
-let
-  pname = "irccloud";
-  version = "0.16.0";
-
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://github.com/irccloud/irccloud-desktop/releases/download/v${version}/IRCCloud-${version}-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
-    sha256 = "sha256-/hMPvYdnVB1XjKgU2v47HnVvW4+uC3rhRjbucqin4iI=";
-  };
-
-  appimageContents = appimageTools.extract {
-    inherit pname version src;
-  };
-in appimageTools.wrapType2 {
-  inherit pname version src;
-
-  extraPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.at-spi2-core ];
-
-  extraInstallCommands = ''
-    mv $out/bin/${pname}-${version} $out/bin/${pname}
-    install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/irccloud.desktop $out/share/applications/irccloud.desktop
-    install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/usr/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png \
-      $out/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png
-    substituteInPlace $out/share/applications/irccloud.desktop \
-      --replace 'Exec=AppRun' 'Exec=${pname}'
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-:::
-
-The argument passed to `extract` can also contain a `postExtract` attribute, which allows you to execute additional commands after the files are extracted from the AppImage.
-`postExtract` must be a string with commands to run.
-
-:::{.example #ex-extracting-appimage-with-postextract}
-
-# Extracting an AppImage to install extra files, using `postExtract`
-
-This is a rewrite of [](#ex-extracting-appimage) to use `postExtract`.
-
-```nix
-{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
-let
-  pname = "irccloud";
-  version = "0.16.0";
-
-  src = fetchurl {
-    url = "https://github.com/irccloud/irccloud-desktop/releases/download/v${version}/IRCCloud-${version}-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
-    sha256 = "sha256-/hMPvYdnVB1XjKgU2v47HnVvW4+uC3rhRjbucqin4iI=";
-  };
-
-  appimageContents = appimageTools.extract {
-    inherit pname version src;
-    postExtract = ''
-      substituteInPlace $out/irccloud.desktop --replace 'Exec=AppRun' 'Exec=${pname}'
-    '';
-  };
-in appimageTools.wrapType2 {
-  inherit pname version src;
-
-  extraPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.at-spi2-core ];
-
-  extraInstallCommands = ''
-    mv $out/bin/${pname}-${version} $out/bin/${pname}
-    install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/irccloud.desktop $out/share/applications/irccloud.desktop
-    install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/usr/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png \
-      $out/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-:::

doc/build-helpers/images/binarycache.section.md

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.mkBinaryCache {#sec-pkgs-binary-cache}
-
-`pkgs.mkBinaryCache` is a function for creating Nix flat-file binary caches.
-Such a cache exists as a directory on disk, and can be used as a Nix substituter by passing `--substituter file:///path/to/cache` to Nix commands.
-
-Nix packages are most commonly shared between machines using [HTTP, SSH, or S3](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/package-management/sharing-packages.html), but a flat-file binary cache can still be useful in some situations.
-For example, you can copy it directly to another machine, or make it available on a network file system.
-It can also be a convenient way to make some Nix packages available inside a container via bind-mounting.
-
-`mkBinaryCache` expects an argument with the `rootPaths` attribute.
-`rootPaths` must be a list of derivations.
-The transitive closure of these derivations' outputs will be copied into the cache.
-
-::: {.note}
-This function is meant for advanced use cases.
-The more idiomatic way to work with flat-file binary caches is via the [nix-copy-closure](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/nix-copy-closure.html) command.
-You may also want to consider [dockerTools](#sec-pkgs-dockerTools) for your containerization needs.
-:::
-
-[]{#sec-pkgs-binary-cache-example}
-:::{.example #ex-mkbinarycache-copying-package-closure}
-
-# Copying a package and its closure to another machine with `mkBinaryCache`
-
-The following derivation will construct a flat-file binary cache containing the closure of `hello`.
-
-```nix
-{ mkBinaryCache, hello }:
-mkBinaryCache {
-  rootPaths = [hello];
-}
-```
-
-Build the cache on a machine.
-Note that the command still builds the exact nix package above, but adds some boilerplate to build it directly from an expression.
-
-```shellSession
-$ nix-build -E 'let pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {}; in pkgs.callPackage ({ mkBinaryCache, hello }: mkBinaryCache { rootPaths = [hello]; }) {}'
-/nix/store/azf7xay5xxdnia4h9fyjiv59wsjdxl0g-binary-cache
-```
-
-Copy the resulting directory to another machine, which we'll call `host2`:
-
-```shellSession
-$ scp result host2:/tmp/hello-cache
-```
-
-At this point, the cache can be used as a substituter when building derivations on `host2`:
-
-```shellSession
-$ nix-build -A hello '<nixpkgs>' \
-  --option require-sigs false \
-  --option trusted-substituters file:///tmp/hello-cache \
-  --option substituters file:///tmp/hello-cache
-/nix/store/zhl06z4lrfrkw5rp0hnjjfrgsclzvxpm-hello-2.12.1
-```
-
-:::

doc/build-helpers/images/makediskimage.section.md

@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-# `<nixpkgs/nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix>` {#sec-make-disk-image}
-
-`<nixpkgs/nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix>` is a function to create _disk images_ in multiple formats: raw, QCOW2 (QEMU), QCOW2-Compressed (compressed version), VDI (VirtualBox), VPC (VirtualPC).
-
-This function can create images in two ways:
-
-- using `cptofs` without any virtual machine to create a Nix store disk image,
-- using a virtual machine to create a full NixOS installation.
-
-When testing early-boot or lifecycle parts of NixOS such as a bootloader or multiple generations, it is necessary to opt for a full NixOS system installation.
-Whereas for many web servers, applications, it is possible to work with a Nix store only disk image and is faster to build.
-
-NixOS tests also use this function when preparing the VM. The `cptofs` method is used when `virtualisation.useBootLoader` is false (the default). Otherwise the second method is used.
-
-## Features {#sec-make-disk-image-features}
-
-For reference, read the function signature source code for documentation on arguments: <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix>.
-Features are separated in various sections depending on if you opt for a Nix-store only image or a full NixOS image.
-
-### Common {#sec-make-disk-image-features-common}
-
-- arbitrary NixOS configuration
-- automatic or bound disk size: `diskSize` parameter, `additionalSpace` can be set when `diskSize` is `auto` to add a constant of disk space
-- multiple partition table layouts: EFI, legacy, legacy + GPT, hybrid, none through `partitionTableType` parameter
-- OVMF or EFI firmwares and variables templates can be customized
-- root filesystem `fsType` can be customized to whatever `mkfs.${fsType}` exist during operations
-- root filesystem label can be customized, defaults to `nix-store` if it's a Nix store image, otherwise `nixpkgs/nixos`
-- arbitrary code can be executed after disk image was produced with `postVM`
-- the current nixpkgs can be realized as a channel in the disk image, which will change the hash of the image when the sources are updated
-- additional store paths can be provided through `additionalPaths`
-
-### Full NixOS image {#sec-make-disk-image-features-full-image}
-
-- arbitrary contents with permissions can be placed in the target filesystem using `contents`
-- a `/etc/nixpkgs/nixos/configuration.nix` can be provided through `configFile`
-- bootloaders are supported
-- EFI variables can be mutated during image production and the result is exposed in `$out`
-- boot partition size when partition table is `efi` or `hybrid`
-
-### On bit-to-bit reproducibility {#sec-make-disk-image-features-reproducibility}
-
-Images are **NOT** deterministic, please do not hesitate to try to fix this, source of determinisms are (not exhaustive) :
-
-- bootloader installation have timestamps
-- SQLite Nix store database contain registration times
-- `/etc/shadow` is in a non-deterministic order
-
-A `deterministic` flag is available for best efforts determinism.
-
-## Usage {#sec-make-disk-image-usage}
-
-To produce a Nix-store only image:
-```nix
-let
-  pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
-  lib = pkgs.lib;
-  make-disk-image = import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix>;
-in
-  make-disk-image {
-    inherit pkgs lib;
-    config = {};
-    additionalPaths = [ ];
-    format = "qcow2";
-    onlyNixStore = true;
-    partitionTableType = "none";
-    installBootLoader = false;
-    touchEFIVars = false;
-    diskSize = "auto";
-    additionalSpace = "0M"; # Defaults to 512M.
-    copyChannel = false;
-  }
-```
-
-Some arguments can be left out, they are shown explicitly for the sake of the example.
-
-Building this derivation will provide a QCOW2 disk image containing only the Nix store and its registration information.
-
-To produce a NixOS installation image disk with UEFI and bootloader installed:
-```nix
-let
-  pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
-  lib = pkgs.lib;
-  make-disk-image = import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix>;
-  evalConfig = import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix>;
-in
-  make-disk-image {
-    inherit pkgs lib;
-    config = evalConfig {
-      modules = [
-        {
-          fileSystems."/" = { device = "/dev/vda"; fsType = "ext4"; autoFormat = true; };
-          boot.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
-        }
-      ];
-    };
-    format = "qcow2";
-    onlyNixStore = false;
-    partitionTableType = "legacy+gpt";
-    installBootLoader = true;
-    touchEFIVars = true;
-    diskSize = "auto";
-    additionalSpace = "0M"; # Defaults to 512M.
-    copyChannel = false;
-    memSize = 2048; # Qemu VM memory size in megabytes. Defaults to 1024M.
-  }
-```
-
-

doc/build-helpers/images/portableservice.section.md

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.portableService {#sec-pkgs-portableService}
-
-`pkgs.portableService` is a function to create _portable service images_,
-as read-only, immutable, `squashfs` archives.
-
-systemd supports a concept of [Portable Services](https://systemd.io/PORTABLE_SERVICES/).
-Portable Services are a delivery method for system services that uses two specific features of container management:
-
-* Applications are bundled. I.e. multiple services, their binaries and
-  all their dependencies are packaged in an image, and are run directly from it.
-* Stricter default security policies, i.e. sandboxing of applications.
-
-This allows using Nix to build images which can be run on many recent Linux distributions.
-
-The primary tool for interacting with Portable Services is `portablectl`,
-and they are managed by the `systemd-portabled` system service.
-
-::: {.note}
-Portable services are supported starting with systemd 239 (released on 2018-06-22).
-:::
-
-A very simple example of using `portableService` is described below:
-
-[]{#ex-pkgs-portableService}
-
-```nix
-pkgs.portableService {
-  pname = "demo";
-  version = "1.0";
-  units = [ demo-service demo-socket ];
-}
-```
-
-The above example will build an squashfs archive image in `result/$pname_$version.raw`. The image will contain the
-file system structure as required by the portable service specification, and a subset of the Nix store with all the
-dependencies of the two derivations in the `units` list.
-`units` must be a list of derivations, and their names must be prefixed with the service name (`"demo"` in this case).
-Otherwise `systemd-portabled` will ignore them.
-
-::: {.note}
-The `.raw` file extension of the image is required by the portable services specification.
-:::
-
-Some other options available are:
-- `description`, `homepage`
-
-  Are added to the `/etc/os-release` in the image and are shown by the portable services tooling.
-  Default to empty values, not added to os-release.
-- `symlinks`
-
-  A list of attribute sets {object, symlink}. Symlinks will be created  in the root filesystem of the image to
-  objects in the Nix store. Defaults to an empty list.
-- `contents`
-
-  A list of additional derivations to be included in the image Nix store, as-is. Defaults to an empty list.
-- `squashfsTools`
-
-  Defaults to `pkgs.squashfsTools`, allows you to override the package that provides `mksquashfs`.
-- `squash-compression`, `squash-block-size`
-
-  Options to `mksquashfs`. Default to `"xz -Xdict-size 100%"` and `"1M"` respectively.
-
-A typical usage of `symlinks` would be:
-```nix
-  symlinks = [
-    { object = "${pkgs.cacert}/etc/ssl"; symlink = "/etc/ssl"; }
-    { object = "${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash"; symlink = "/bin/sh"; }
-    { object = "${pkgs.php}/bin/php"; symlink = "/usr/bin/php"; }
-  ];
-```
-to create these symlinks for legacy applications that assume them existing globally.
-
-Once the image is created, and deployed on a host in `/var/lib/portables/`, you can attach the image and run the service. As root run:
-```console
-portablectl attach demo_1.0.raw
-systemctl enable --now demo.socket
-systemctl enable --now demo.service
-```
-::: {.note}
-See the [man page](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/portablectl.html) of `portablectl` for more info on its usage.
-:::

doc/build-helpers/special.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Special build helpers {#chap-special}
-
-This chapter describes several special build helpers.
-
-```{=include=} sections
-special/fhs-environments.section.md
-special/makesetuphook.section.md
-special/mkshell.section.md
-special/vm-tools.section.md
-special/checkpoint-build.section.md
-```

doc/build-helpers/special/checkpoint-build.section.md

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.checkpointBuildTools  {#sec-checkpoint-build}
-
-`pkgs.checkpointBuildTools` provides a way to build derivations incrementally. It consists of two functions to make checkpoint builds using Nix possible.
-
-For hermeticity, Nix derivations do not allow any state to be carried over between builds, making a transparent incremental build within a derivation impossible.
-
-However, we can tell Nix explicitly what the previous build state was, by representing that previous state as a derivation output. This allows the passed build state to be used for an incremental build.
-
-To change a normal derivation to a checkpoint based build, these steps must be taken:
-  - apply `prepareCheckpointBuild` on the desired derivation, e.g.
-```nix
-checkpointArtifacts = (pkgs.checkpointBuildTools.prepareCheckpointBuild pkgs.virtualbox);
-```
-  - change something you want in the sources of the package, e.g. use a source override:
-```nix
-changedVBox = pkgs.virtualbox.overrideAttrs (old: {
-  src = path/to/vbox/sources;
-});
-```
-  - use `mkCheckpointBuild changedVBox checkpointArtifacts`
-  - enjoy shorter build times
-
-## Example {#sec-checkpoint-build-example}
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-let
-  inherit (pkgs.checkpointBuildTools)
-    prepareCheckpointBuild
-    mkCheckpointBuild
-    ;
-  helloCheckpoint = prepareCheckpointBuild pkgs.hello;
-  changedHello = pkgs.hello.overrideAttrs (_: {
-    doCheck = false;
-    patchPhase = ''
-      sed -i 's/Hello, world!/Hello, Nix!/g' src/hello.c
-    '';
-  });
-in mkCheckpointBuild changedHello helloCheckpoint
-```

doc/build-helpers/special/fhs-environments.section.md

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# buildFHSEnv {#sec-fhs-environments}
-
-`buildFHSEnv` provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root filesystem with the host's `/nix/store`, so its footprint in terms of disk space is quite small. This allows you to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS; 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries for instance.
-It uses Linux' namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without requiring elevated privileges. It works similar to containerisation technology such as Docker or FlatPak but provides no security-relevant separation from the host system.
-
-Accepted arguments are:
-
-- `name`
-        The name of the environment and the wrapper executable.
-- `targetPkgs`
-        Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
-- `multiPkgs`
-        Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
-- `multiArch`
-        Whether to install 32bit multiPkgs into the FHSEnv in 64bit environments
-- `extraBuildCommands`
-        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
-- `extraBuildCommandsMulti`
-        Like `extraBuildCommands`, but executed only on multilib architectures.
-- `extraOutputsToInstall`
-        Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
-- `extraInstallCommands`
-        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
-- `runScript`
-        A shell command to be executed inside the sandbox. It defaults to `bash`. Command line arguments passed to the resulting wrapper are appended to this command by default.
-        This command must be escaped; i.e. `"foo app" --do-stuff --with "some file"`. See `lib.escapeShellArgs`.
-- `profile`
-        Optional script for `/etc/profile` within the sandbox.
-
-You can create a simple environment using a `shell.nix` like this:
-
-```nix
-{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
-
-(pkgs.buildFHSEnv {
-  name = "simple-x11-env";
-  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs; [
-    udev
-    alsa-lib
-  ]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg; [
-    libX11
-    libXcursor
-    libXrandr
-  ]);
-  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs; [
-    udev
-    alsa-lib
-  ]);
-  runScript = "bash";
-}).env
-```
-
-Running `nix-shell` on it would drop you into a shell inside an FHS env where those libraries and binaries are available in FHS-compliant paths. Applications that expect an FHS structure (i.e. proprietary binaries) can run inside this environment without modification.
-You can build a wrapper by running your binary in `runScript`, e.g. `./bin/start.sh`. Relative paths work as expected.
-
-Additionally, the FHS builder links all relocated gsettings-schemas (the glib setup-hook moves them to `share/gsettings-schemas/${name}/glib-2.0/schemas`) to their standard FHS location. This means you don't need to wrap binaries with `wrapGAppsHook`.

doc/build-helpers/special/makesetuphook.section.md

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# pkgs.makeSetupHook {#sec-pkgs.makeSetupHook}
-
-`pkgs.makeSetupHook` is a build helper that produces hooks that go in to `nativeBuildInputs`
-
-## Usage {#sec-pkgs.makeSetupHook-usage}
-
-```nix
-pkgs.makeSetupHook {
-  name = "something-hook";
-  propagatedBuildInputs = [ pkgs.commandsomething ];
-  depsTargetTargetPropagated = [ pkgs.libsomething ];
-} ./script.sh
-```
-
-### setup hook that depends on the hello package and runs hello and @shell@ is substituted with path to bash {#sec-pkgs.makeSetupHook-usage-example}
-
-```nix
-pkgs.makeSetupHook {
-    name = "run-hello-hook";
-    propagatedBuildInputs = [ pkgs.hello ];
-    substitutions = { shell = "${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash"; };
-    passthru.tests.greeting = callPackage ./test { };
-    meta.platforms = lib.platforms.linux;
-} (writeScript "run-hello-hook.sh" ''
-    #!@shell@
-    hello
-'')
-```
-
-## Attributes {#sec-pkgs.makeSetupHook-attributes}
-
-* `name` Set the name of the hook.
-* `propagatedBuildInputs` Runtime dependencies (such as binaries) of the hook.
-* `depsTargetTargetPropagated` Non-binary dependencies.
-* `meta`
-* `passthru`
-* `substitutions` Variables for `substituteAll`

doc/build-helpers/special/vm-tools.section.md

@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-# vmTools {#sec-vm-tools}
-
-A set of VM related utilities, that help in building some packages in more advanced scenarios.
-
-## `vmTools.createEmptyImage` {#vm-tools-createEmptyImage}
-
-A bash script fragment that produces a disk image at `destination`.
-
-### Attributes {#vm-tools-createEmptyImage-attributes}
-
-* `size`. The disk size, in MiB.
-* `fullName`. Name that will be written to `${destination}/nix-support/full-name`.
-* `destination` (optional, default `$out`). Where to write the image files.
-
-## `vmTools.runInLinuxVM` {#vm-tools-runInLinuxVM}
-
-Run a derivation in a Linux virtual machine (using Qemu/KVM).
-By default, there is no disk image; the root filesystem is a `tmpfs`, and the Nix store is shared with the host (via the [9P protocol](https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/9p#9p_Protocol)).
-Thus, any pure Nix derivation should run unmodified.
-
-If the build fails and Nix is run with the `-K/--keep-failed` option, a script `run-vm` will be left behind in the temporary build directory that allows you to boot into the VM and debug it interactively.
-
-### Attributes {#vm-tools-runInLinuxVM-attributes}
-
-* `preVM` (optional). Shell command to be evaluated *before* the VM is started (i.e., on the host).
-* `memSize` (optional, default `512`). The memory size of the VM in MiB.
-* `diskImage` (optional). A file system image to be attached to `/dev/sda`.
-  Note that currently we expect the image to contain a filesystem, not a full disk image with a partition table etc.
-
-### Examples {#vm-tools-runInLinuxVM-examples}
-
-Build the derivation hello inside a VM:
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-runInLinuxVM hello
-```
-
-Build inside a VM with extra memory:
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-runInLinuxVM (hello.overrideAttrs (_: { memSize = 1024; }))
-```
-
-Use VM with a disk image (implicitly sets `diskImage`, see [`vmTools.createEmptyImage`](#vm-tools-createEmptyImage)):
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-runInLinuxVM (hello.overrideAttrs (_: {
-  preVM = createEmptyImage {
-    size = 1024;
-    fullName = "vm-image";
-  };
-}))
-```
-
-## `vmTools.extractFs` {#vm-tools-extractFs}
-
-Takes a file, such as an ISO, and extracts its contents into the store.
-
-### Attributes {#vm-tools-extractFs-attributes}
-
-* `file`. Path to the file to be extracted.
-  Note that currently we expect the image to contain a filesystem, not a full disk image with a partition table etc.
-* `fs` (optional). Filesystem of the contents of the file.
-
-### Examples {#vm-tools-extractFs-examples}
-
-Extract the contents of an ISO file:
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-extractFs { file = ./image.iso; }
-```
-
-## `vmTools.extractMTDfs` {#vm-tools-extractMTDfs}
-
-Like [](#vm-tools-extractFs), but it makes use of a [Memory Technology Device (MTD)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_Technology_Device).
-
-## `vmTools.runInLinuxImage` {#vm-tools-runInLinuxImage}
-
-Like [](#vm-tools-runInLinuxVM), but instead of using `stdenv` from the Nix store, run the build using the tools provided by `/bin`, `/usr/bin`, etc. from the specified filesystem image, which typically is a filesystem containing a [FHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard)-based Linux distribution.
-
-## `vmTools.makeImageTestScript` {#vm-tools-makeImageTestScript}
-
-Generate a script that can be used to run an interactive session in the given image.
-
-### Examples {#vm-tools-makeImageTestScript-examples}
-
-Create a script for running a Fedora 27 VM:
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-makeImageTestScript diskImages.fedora27x86_64
-```
-
-Create a script for running an Ubuntu 20.04 VM:
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-makeImageTestScript diskImages.ubuntu2004x86_64
-```
-
-## `vmTools.diskImageFuns` {#vm-tools-diskImageFuns}
-
-A set of functions that build a predefined set of minimal Linux distributions images.
-
-### Images {#vm-tools-diskImageFuns-images}
-
-* Fedora
-  * `fedora26x86_64`
-  * `fedora27x86_64`
-* CentOS
-  * `centos6i386`
-  * `centos6x86_64`
-  * `centos7x86_64`
-* Ubuntu
-  * `ubuntu1404i386`
-  * `ubuntu1404x86_64`
-  * `ubuntu1604i386`
-  * `ubuntu1604x86_64`
-  * `ubuntu1804i386`
-  * `ubuntu1804x86_64`
-  * `ubuntu2004i386`
-  * `ubuntu2004x86_64`
-  * `ubuntu2204i386`
-  * `ubuntu2204x86_64`
-* Debian
-  * `debian10i386`
-  * `debian10x86_64`
-  * `debian11i386`
-  * `debian11x86_64`
-
-### Attributes {#vm-tools-diskImageFuns-attributes}
-
-* `size` (optional, defaults to `4096`). The size of the image, in MiB.
-* `extraPackages` (optional). A list names of additional packages from the distribution that should be included in the image.
-
-### Examples {#vm-tools-diskImageFuns-examples}
-
-8GiB image containing Firefox in addition to the default packages:
-```nix
-{ pkgs }: with pkgs; with vmTools;
-diskImageFuns.ubuntu2004x86_64 { extraPackages = [ "firefox" ]; size = 8192; }
-```
-
-## `vmTools.diskImageExtraFuns` {#vm-tools-diskImageExtraFuns}
-
-Shorthand for `vmTools.diskImageFuns.<attr> { extraPackages = ... }`.
-
-## `vmTools.diskImages` {#vm-tools-diskImages}
-
-Shorthand for `vmTools.diskImageFuns.<attr> { }`.

doc/build-helpers/testers.chapter.md

@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-# Testers {#chap-testers}
-
-This chapter describes several testing builders which are available in the `testers` namespace.
-
-## `hasPkgConfigModules` {#tester-hasPkgConfigModules}
-
-<!-- Old anchor name so links still work -->
-[]{#tester-hasPkgConfigModule}
-Checks whether a package exposes a given list of `pkg-config` modules.
-If the `moduleNames` argument is omitted, `hasPkgConfigModules` will use `meta.pkgConfigModules`.
-
-:::{.example #ex-haspkgconfigmodules-defaultvalues}
-
-# Check that `pkg-config` modules are exposed using default values
-
-```nix
-passthru.tests.pkg-config = testers.hasPkgConfigModules {
-  package = finalAttrs.finalPackage;
-};
-
-meta.pkgConfigModules = [ "libfoo" ];
-```
-
-:::
-
-:::{.example #ex-haspkgconfigmodules-explicitmodules}
-
-# Check that `pkg-config` modules are exposed using explicit module names
-
-```nix
-passthru.tests.pkg-config = testers.hasPkgConfigModules {
-  package = finalAttrs.finalPackage;
-  moduleNames = [ "libfoo" ];
-};
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `testVersion` {#tester-testVersion}
-
-Checks that the output from running a command contains the specified version string in it as a whole word.
-
-Although simplistic, this test assures that the main program can run.
-While there's no substitute for a real test case, it does catch dynamic linking errors and such.
-It also provides some protection against accidentally building the wrong version, for example when using an "old" hash in a fixed-output derivation.
-
-By default, the command to be run will be inferred from the given `package` attribute:
-it will check `meta.mainProgram` first, and fall back to `pname` or `name`.
-The default argument to the command is `--version`, and the version to be checked will be inferred from the given `package` attribute as well.
-
-:::{.example #ex-testversion-hello}
-
-# Check a program version using all the default values
-
-This example will run the command `hello --version`, and then check that the version of the `hello` package is in the output of the command.
-
-```nix
-passthru.tests.version = testers.testVersion { package = hello; };
-```
-
-:::
-
-:::{.example #ex-testversion-different-commandversion}
-
-# Check the program version using a specified command and expected version string
-
-This example will run the command `leetcode -V`, and then check that `leetcode 0.4.2` is in the output of the command as a whole word (separated by whitespaces).
-This means that an output like "leetcode 0.4.21" would fail the tests, and an output like "You're running leetcode 0.4.2" would pass the tests.
-
-A common usage of the `version` attribute is to specify `version = "v${version}"`.
-
-```nix
-version = "0.4.2";
-
-passthru.tests.version = testers.testVersion {
-  package = leetcode-cli;
-  command = "leetcode -V";
-  version = "leetcode ${version}";
-};
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `testBuildFailure` {#tester-testBuildFailure}
-
-Make sure that a build does not succeed. This is useful for testing testers.
-
-This returns a derivation with an override on the builder, with the following effects:
-
- - Fail the build when the original builder succeeds
- - Move `$out` to `$out/result`, if it exists (assuming `out` is the default output)
- - Save the build log to `$out/testBuildFailure.log` (same)
-
-While `testBuildFailure` is designed to keep changes to the original builder's environment to a minimum, some small changes are inevitable:
-
- - The file `$TMPDIR/testBuildFailure.log` is present. It should not be deleted.
- - `stdout` and `stderr` are a pipe instead of a tty. This could be improved.
- - One or two extra processes are present in the sandbox during the original builder's execution.
- - The derivation and output hashes are different, but not unusual.
- - The derivation includes a dependency on `buildPackages.bash` and `expect-failure.sh`, which is built to include a transitive dependency on `buildPackages.coreutils` and possibly more.
-   These are not added to `PATH` or any other environment variable, so they should be hard to observe.
-
-:::{.example #ex-testBuildFailure-showingenvironmentchanges}
-
-# Check that a build fails, and verify the changes made during build
-
-```nix
-runCommand "example" {
-  failed = testers.testBuildFailure (runCommand "fail" {} ''
-    echo ok-ish >$out
-    echo failing though
-    exit 3
-  '');
-} ''
-  grep -F 'ok-ish' $failed/result
-  grep -F 'failing though' $failed/testBuildFailure.log
-  [[ 3 = $(cat $failed/testBuildFailure.exit) ]]
-  touch $out
-'';
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `testEqualContents` {#tester-equalContents}
-
-Check that two paths have the same contents.
-
-:::{.example #ex-testEqualContents-toyexample}
-
-# Check that two paths have the same contents
-
-```nix
-testers.testEqualContents {
-  assertion = "sed -e performs replacement";
-  expected = writeText "expected" ''
-    foo baz baz
-  '';
-  actual = runCommand "actual" {
-    # not really necessary for a package that's in stdenv
-    nativeBuildInputs = [ gnused ];
-    base = writeText "base" ''
-      foo bar baz
-    '';
-  } ''
-    sed -e 's/bar/baz/g' $base >$out
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `testEqualDerivation` {#tester-testEqualDerivation}
-
-Checks that two packages produce the exact same build instructions.
-
-This can be used to make sure that a certain difference of configuration, such as the presence of an overlay does not cause a cache miss.
-
-When the derivations are equal, the return value is an empty file.
-Otherwise, the build log explains the difference via `nix-diff`.
-
-:::{.example #ex-testEqualDerivation-hello}
-
-# Check that two packages produce the same derivation
-
-```nix
-testers.testEqualDerivation
-  "The hello package must stay the same when enabling checks."
-  hello
-  (hello.overrideAttrs(o: { doCheck = true; }))
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` {#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash}
-
-Use the derivation hash to invalidate the output via name, for testing.
-
-Type: `(a@{ name, ... } -> Derivation) -> a -> Derivation`
-
-Normally, fixed output derivations can and should be cached by their output hash only, but for testing we want to re-fetch everytime the fetcher changes.
-
-Changes to the fetcher become apparent in the drvPath, which is a hash of how to fetch, rather than a fixed store path.
-By inserting this hash into the name, we can make sure to re-run the fetcher every time the fetcher changes.
-
-This relies on the assumption that Nix isn't clever enough to reuse its database of local store contents to optimize fetching.
-
-You might notice that the "salted" name derives from the normal invocation, not the final derivation.
-`invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` has to invoke the fetcher function twice:
-once to get a derivation hash, and again to produce the final fixed output derivation.
-
-:::{.example #ex-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash-nix}
-
-# Prevent nix from reusing the output of a fetcher
-
-```nix
-tests.fetchgit = testers.invalidateFetcherByDrvHash fetchgit {
-  name = "nix-source";
-  url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix";
-  rev = "9d9dbe6ed05854e03811c361a3380e09183f4f4a";
-  hash = "sha256-7DszvbCNTjpzGRmpIVAWXk20P0/XTrWZ79KSOGLrUWY=";
-};
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `runNixOSTest` {#tester-runNixOSTest}
-
-A helper function that behaves exactly like the NixOS `runTest`, except it also assigns this Nixpkgs package set as the `pkgs` of the test and makes the `nixpkgs.*` options read-only.
-
-If your test is part of the Nixpkgs repository, or if you need a more general entrypoint, see ["Calling a test" in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-calling-nixos-tests).
-
-:::{.example #ex-runNixOSTest-hello}
-
-# Run a NixOS test using `runNixOSTest`
-
-```nix
-pkgs.testers.runNixOSTest ({ lib, ... }: {
-  name = "hello";
-  nodes.machine = { pkgs, ... }: {
-    environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.hello ];
-  };
-  testScript = ''
-    machine.succeed("hello")
-  '';
-})
-```
-
-:::
-
-## `nixosTest` {#tester-nixosTest}
-
-Run a NixOS VM network test using this evaluation of Nixpkgs.
-
-NOTE: This function is primarily for external use. NixOS itself uses `make-test-python.nix` directly. Packages defined in Nixpkgs [reuse NixOS tests via `nixosTests`, plural](#ssec-nixos-tests-linking).
-
-It is mostly equivalent to the function `import ./make-test-python.nix` from the [NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests), except that the current application of Nixpkgs (`pkgs`) will be used, instead of letting NixOS invoke Nixpkgs anew.
-
-If a test machine needs to set NixOS options under `nixpkgs`, it must set only the `nixpkgs.pkgs` option.
-
-### Parameter {#tester-nixosTest-parameter}
-
-A [NixOS VM test network](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests), or path to it. Example:
-
-```nix
-{
-  name = "my-test";
-  nodes = {
-    machine1 = { lib, pkgs, nodes, ... }: {
-      environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.hello ];
-      services.foo.enable = true;
-    };
-    # machine2 = ...;
-  };
-  testScript = ''
-    start_all()
-    machine1.wait_for_unit("foo.service")
-    machine1.succeed("hello | foo-send")
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-### Result {#tester-nixosTest-result}
-
-A derivation that runs the VM test.
-
-Notable attributes:
-
- * `nodes`: the evaluated NixOS configurations. Useful for debugging and exploring the configuration.
-
- * `driverInteractive`: a script that launches an interactive Python session in the context of the `testScript`.

doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md

@@ -1,594 +0,0 @@
-# Trivial build helpers {#chap-trivial-builders}
-
-Nixpkgs provides a variety of wrapper functions that help build commonly useful derivations.
-Like [`stdenv.mkDerivation`](#sec-using-stdenv), each of these build helpers creates a derivation, but the arguments passed are different (usually simpler) from those required by `stdenv.mkDerivation`.
-
-## `runCommand` {#trivial-builder-runCommand}
-
-`runCommand :: String -> AttrSet -> String -> Derivation`
-
-`runCommand name drvAttrs buildCommand` returns a derivation that is built by running the specified shell commands.
-
-`name :: String`
-:   The name that Nix will append to the store path in the same way that `stdenv.mkDerivation` uses its `name` attribute.
-
-`drvAttr :: AttrSet`
-:   Attributes to pass to the underlying call to [`stdenv.mkDerivation`](#chap-stdenv).
-
-`buildCommand :: String`
-:   Shell commands to run in the derivation builder.
-
-    ::: {.note}
-    You have to create a file or directory `$out` for Nix to be able to run the builder successfully.
-    :::
-
-::: {.example #ex-runcommand-simple}
-# Invocation of `runCommand`
-
-```nix
-(import <nixpkgs> {}).runCommand "my-example" {} ''
-  echo My example command is running
-
-  mkdir $out
-
-  echo I can write data to the Nix store > $out/message
-
-  echo I can also run basic commands like:
-
-  echo ls
-  ls
-
-  echo whoami
-  whoami
-
-  echo date
-  date
-''
-```
-:::
-
-## `runCommandCC` {#trivial-builder-runCommandCC}
-
-This works just like `runCommand`. The only difference is that it also provides a C compiler in `buildCommand`'s environment. To minimize your dependencies, you should only use this if you are sure you will need a C compiler as part of running your command.
-
-## `runCommandLocal` {#trivial-builder-runCommandLocal}
-
-Variant of `runCommand` that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is not substituted. This is intended for very cheap commands (<1s execution time). It saves on the network round-trip and can speed up a build.
-
-::: {.note}
-This sets [`allowSubstitutes` to `false`](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes), so only use `runCommandLocal` if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the `system` of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g., just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks) because there the `system` is usually the same as `builtins.currentSystem`.
-:::
-
-## Writing text files {#trivial-builder-text-writing}
-
-Nixpkgs provides the following functions for producing derivations which write text files or executable scripts into the Nix store.
-They are useful for creating files from Nix expression, and are all implemented as convenience wrappers around `writeTextFile`.
-
-Each of these functions will cause a derivation to be produced.
-When you coerce the result of each of these functions to a string with [string interpolation](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/string-interpolation) or [`builtins.toString`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/builtins#builtins-toString), it will evaluate to the [store path](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/store/store-path) of this derivation.
-
-:::: {.note}
-Some of these functions will put the resulting files within a directory inside the [derivation output](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/derivations#attr-outputs).
-If you need to refer to the resulting files somewhere else in a Nix expression, append their path to the derivation's store path.
-
-For example, if the file destination is a directory:
-
-```nix
-my-file = writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  text = ''
-    Contents of File
-  '';
-  destination = "/share/my-file";
-}
-```
-
-Remember to append "/share/my-file" to the resulting store path when using it elsewhere:
-
-```nix
-writeShellScript "evaluate-my-file.sh" ''
-  cat ${my-file}/share/my-file
-'';
-```
-::::
-
-### `writeTextFile` {#trivial-builder-writeTextFile}
-
-Write a text file to the Nix store.
-
-`writeTextFile` takes an attribute set with the following possible attributes:
-
-`name` (String)
-
-: Corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path identifier.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-`executable` (Bool, _optional_)
-
-: Make this file have the executable bit set.
-
-  Default: `false`
-
-`destination` (String, _optional_)
-
-: A subpath under the derivation's output path into which to put the file.
-  Subdirectories are created automatically when the derivation is realised.
-
-  By default, the store path itself will be a file containing the text contents.
-
-  Default: `""`
-
-`checkPhase` (String, _optional_)
-
-: Commands to run after generating the file.
-
-  Default: `""`
-
-`meta` (Attribute set, _optional_)
-
-: Additional metadata for the derivation.
-
-  Default: `{}`
-
-`allowSubstitutes` (Bool, _optional_)
-
-: Whether to allow substituting from a binary cache.
-  Passed through to [`allowSubsitutes`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes) of the underlying call to `builtins.derivation`.
-
-  It defaults to `false`, as running the derivation's simple `builder` executable locally is assumed to be faster than network operations.
-  Set it to true if the `checkPhase` step is expensive.
-
-  Default: `false`
-
-`preferLocalBuild` (Bool, _optional_)
-
-: Whether to prefer building locally, even if faster [remote build machines](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-substituters) are available.
-
-  Passed through to [`preferLocalBuild`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes#adv-attr-preferLocalBuild) of the underlying call to `builtins.derivation`.
-
-  It defaults to `true` for the same reason `allowSubstitutes` defaults to `false`.
-
-  Default: `true`
-
-The resulting store path will include some variation of the name, and it will be a file unless `destination` is used, in which case it will be a directory.
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeTextFile}
-# Usage 1 of `writeTextFile`
-
-Write `my-file` to `/nix/store/<store path>/some/subpath/my-cool-script`, making it executable.
-Also run a check on the resulting file in a `checkPhase`, and supply values for the less-used options.
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-cool-script";
-  text = ''
-    #!/bin/sh
-    echo "This is my cool script!"
-  '';
-  executable = true;
-  destination = "/some/subpath/my-cool-script";
-  checkPhase = ''
-    ${pkgs.shellcheck}/bin/shellcheck $out/some/subpath/my-cool-script
-  '';
-  meta = {
-    license = pkgs.lib.licenses.cc0;
-  };
-  allowSubstitutes = true;
-  preferLocalBuild = false;
-};
-```
-:::
-
-::: {.example #ex2-writeTextFile}
-# Usage 2 of `writeTextFile`
-
-Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>`.
-See also the [](#trivial-builder-writeText) helper function.
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  text = ''
-    Contents of File
-  '';
-}
-```
-:::
-
-::: {.example #ex3-writeTextFile}
-# Usage 3 of `writeTextFile`
-
-Write an executable script `my-script` to `/nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-script`.
-See also the [](#trivial-builder-writeScriptBin) helper function.
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-script";
-  text = ''
-    echo "hi"
-  '';
-  executable = true;
-  destination = "/bin/my-script";
-}
-```
-:::
-
-### `writeText` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
-
-Write a text file to the Nix store
-
-`writeText` takes the following arguments:
-a string.
-
-`name` (String)
-
-: The name used in the Nix store path.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-The store path will include the name, and it will be a file.
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeText}
-# Usage of `writeText`
-
-Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>`:
-
-```nix
-writeText "my-file"
-  ''
-  Contents of File
-  '';
-```
-:::
-
-This is equivalent to:
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  text = ''
-    Contents of File
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-### `writeTextDir` {#trivial-builder-writeTextDir}
-
-Write a text file within a subdirectory of the Nix store.
-
-`writeTextDir` takes the following arguments:
-
-`path` (String)
-
-: The destination within the Nix store path under which to create the file.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-The store path will be a directory.
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeTextDir}
-# Usage of `writeTextDir`
-
-Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>/share/my-file`:
-
-```nix
-writeTextDir "share/my-file"
-  ''
-  Contents of File
-  '';
-```
-:::
-
-This is equivalent to:
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  text = ''
-    Contents of File
-  '';
-  destination = "share/my-file";
-}
-```
-
-### `writeScript` {#trivial-builder-writeScript}
-
-Write an executable script file to the Nix store.
-
-`writeScript` takes the following arguments:
-
-`name` (String)
-
-: The name used in the Nix store path.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-The created file is marked as executable.
-The store path will include the name, and it will be a file.
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeScript}
-# Usage of `writeScript`
-
-Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>` and make the file executable.
-
-```nix
-writeScript "my-file"
-  ''
-  Contents of File
-  '';
-```
-:::
-
-This is equivalent to:
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  text = ''
-    Contents of File
-  '';
-  executable = true;
-}
-```
-
-### `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeScriptBin}
-
-Write a script within a `bin` subirectory of a directory in the Nix store.
-This is for consistency with the convention of software packages placing executables under `bin`.
-
-`writeScriptBin` takes the following arguments:
-
-`name` (String)
-
-: The name used in the Nix store path and within the file created under the store path.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-The created file is marked as executable.
-The file's contents will be put into `/nix/store/<store path>/bin/<name>`.
-The store path will include the the name, and it will be a directory.
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeScriptBin}
-# Usage of `writeScriptBin`
-
-```nix
-writeScriptBin "my-script"
-  ''
-  echo "hi"
-  '';
-```
-:::
-
-This is equivalent to:
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-script";
-  text = ''
-    echo "hi"
-  '';
-  executable = true;
-  destination = "bin/my-script"
-}
-```
-
-### `writeShellScript` {#trivial-builder-writeShellScript}
-
-Write a Bash script to the store.
-
-`writeShellScript` takes the following arguments:
-
-`name` (String)
-
-: The name used in the Nix store path.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-The created file is marked as executable.
-The store path will include the name, and it will be a file.
-
-This function is almost exactly like [](#trivial-builder-writeScript), except that it prepends to the file a [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_%28Unix%29) line that points to the version of Bash used in Nixpkgs.
-<!-- this cannot be changed in practice, so there is no point pretending it's somehow generic -->
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeShellScript}
-# Usage of `writeShellScript`
-
-```nix
-writeShellScript "my-script"
-  ''
-  echo "hi"
-  '';
-```
-:::
-
-This is equivalent to:
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-script";
-  text = ''
-    #! ${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    echo "hi"
-  '';
-  executable = true;
-}
-```
-
-### `writeShellScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeShellScriptBin}
-
-Write a Bash script to a "bin" subdirectory of a directory in the Nix store.
-
-`writeShellScriptBin` takes the following arguments:
-
-`name` (String)
-
-: The name used in the Nix store path and within the file generated under the store path.
-
-`text` (String)
-
-: The contents of the file.
-
-The file's contents will be put into `/nix/store/<store path>/bin/<name>`.
-The store path will include the the name, and it will be a directory.
-
-This function is a combination of [](#trivial-builder-writeShellScript) and [](#trivial-builder-writeScriptBin).
-
-::: {.example #ex-writeShellScriptBin}
-# Usage of `writeShellScriptBin`
-
-```nix
-writeShellScriptBin "my-script"
-  ''
-  echo "hi"
-  '';
-```
-:::
-
-This is equivalent to:
-
-```nix
-writeTextFile {
-  name = "my-script";
-  text = ''
-    #! ${pkgs.runtimeShell}
-    echo "hi"
-  '';
-  executable = true;
-  destination = "bin/my-script"
-}
-```
-
-## `concatTextFile`, `concatText`, `concatScript` {#trivial-builder-concatText}
-
-These functions concatenate `files` to the Nix store in a single file. This is useful for configuration files structured in lines of text. `concatTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `files`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `files` will be the files to be concatenated. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
-`concatText` and`concatScript` are simple wrappers over `concatTextFile`.
-
-Here are a few examples:
-```nix
-
-# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>
-concatTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  files = [ drv1 "${drv2}/path/to/file" ];
-}
-# See also the `concatText` helper function below.
-
-# Writes executable my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file
-concatTextFile {
-  name = "my-file";
-  files = [ drv1 "${drv2}/path/to/file" ];
-  executable = true;
-  destination = "/bin/my-file";
-}
-# Writes contents of files to /nix/store/<store path>
-concatText "my-file" [ file1 file2 ]
-
-# Writes contents of files to /nix/store/<store path>
-concatScript "my-file" [ file1 file2 ]
-```
-
-## `writeShellApplication` {#trivial-builder-writeShellApplication}
-
-This can be used to easily produce a shell script that has some dependencies (`runtimeInputs`). It automatically sets the `PATH` of the script to contain all of the listed inputs, sets some sanity shellopts (`errexit`, `nounset`, `pipefail`), and checks the resulting script with [`shellcheck`](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck).
-
-For example, look at the following code:
-
-```nix
-writeShellApplication {
-  name = "show-nixos-org";
-
-  runtimeInputs = [ curl w3m ];
-
-  text = ''
-    curl -s 'https://nixos.org' | w3m -dump -T text/html
-  '';
-}
-```
-
-Unlike with normal `writeShellScriptBin`, there is no need to manually write out `${curl}/bin/curl`, setting the PATH
-was handled by `writeShellApplication`. Moreover, the script is being checked with `shellcheck` for more strict
-validation.
-
-## `symlinkJoin` {#trivial-builder-symlinkJoin}
-
-This can be used to put many derivations into the same directory structure. It works by creating a new derivation and adding symlinks to each of the paths listed. It expects two arguments, `name`, and `paths`. `name` is the name used in the Nix store path for the created derivation. `paths` is a list of paths that will be symlinked. These paths can be to Nix store derivations or any other subdirectory contained within.
-Here is an example:
-```nix
-# adds symlinks of hello and stack to current build and prints "links added"
-symlinkJoin { name = "myexample"; paths = [ pkgs.hello pkgs.stack ]; postBuild = "echo links added"; }
-```
-This creates a derivation with a directory structure like the following:
-```
-/nix/store/sglsr5g079a5235hy29da3mq3hv8sjmm-myexample
-|-- bin
-|   |-- hello -> /nix/store/qy93dp4a3rqyn2mz63fbxjg228hffwyw-hello-2.10/bin/hello
-|   `-- stack -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/bin/stack
-`-- share
-    |-- bash-completion
-    |   `-- completions
-    |       `-- stack -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/share/bash-completion/completions/stack
-    |-- fish
-    |   `-- vendor_completions.d
-    |       `-- stack.fish -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/stack.fish
-...
-```
-
-## `writeReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeReferencesToFile}
-
-Writes the closure of transitive dependencies to a file.
-
-This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --requisites`.
-
-For example,
-
-```nix
-writeReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
-```
-
-produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-deps` containing
-
-```nix
-/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
-/nix/store/<hash>-hi
-/nix/store/<hash>-libidn2-2.3.0
-/nix/store/<hash>-libunistring-0.9.10
-/nix/store/<hash>-glibc-2.32-40
-```
-
-You can see that this includes `hi`, the original input path,
-`hello`, which is a direct reference, but also
-the other paths that are indirectly required to run `hello`.
-
-## `writeDirectReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeDirectReferencesToFile}
-
-Writes the set of references to the output file, that is, their immediate dependencies.
-
-This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --references`.
-
-For example,
-
-```nix
-writeDirectReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
-```
-
-produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-references` containing
-
-```nix
-/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
-```
-
-but none of `hello`'s dependencies because those are not referenced directly
-by `hi`'s output.

doc/builders/fetchers.chapter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Fetchers {#chap-pkgs-fetchers}
+
+When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other files from the internet. For this purpose, Nix provides the [_fixed output derivation_](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#fixed-output-drvs) feature and Nixpkgs provides various functions that implement the actual fetching from various protocols and services.
+
+## Caveats
+
+Because fixed output derivations are _identified_ by their hash, a common mistake is to update a fetcher's URL or a version parameter, without updating the hash. **This will cause the old contents to be used.** So remember to always invalidate the hash argument.
+
+For those who develop and maintain fetchers, a similar problem arises with changes to the implementation of a fetcher. These may cause a fixed output derivation to fail, but won't normally be caught by tests because the supposed output is already in the store or cache. For the purpose of testing, you can use a trick that is embodied by the [`invalidateFetcherByDrvHash`](#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash) function. It uses the derivation `name` to create a unique output path per fetcher implementation, defeating the caching precisely where it would be harmful.
+
+## `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` {#fetchurl}
+
+Two basic fetchers are `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. Both of these have two required arguments, a URL and a hash. The hash is typically `sha256`, although many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently recommended to use `sha256`. This hash will be used by Nix to identify your source. A typical usage of `fetchurl` is provided below.
+
+```nix
+{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  name = "hello";
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
+    sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
+  };
+}
+```
+
+The main difference between `fetchurl` and `fetchzip` is in how they store the contents. `fetchurl` will store the unaltered contents of the URL within the Nix store. `fetchzip` on the other hand, will decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly accessible in the future. `fetchzip` can only be used with archives. Despite the name, `fetchzip` is not limited to .zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
+
+`fetchpatch` works very similarly to `fetchurl` with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example, it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
+
+Most other fetchers return a directory rather than a single file.
+
+## `fetchsvn` {#fetchsvn}
+
+Used with Subversion. Expects `url` to a Subversion directory, `rev`, and `sha256`.
+
+## `fetchgit` {#fetchgit}
+
+Used with Git. Expects `url` to a Git repo, `rev`, and `sha256`. `rev` in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like `refs/tags/v1.0`.
+
+Additionally, the following optional arguments can be given: `fetchSubmodules = true` makes `fetchgit` also fetch the submodules of a repository. If `deepClone` is set to true, the entire repository is cloned as opposing to just creating a shallow clone. `deepClone = true` also implies `leaveDotGit = true` which means that the `.git` directory of the clone won't be removed after checkout.
+
+If only parts of the repository are needed, `sparseCheckout` can be used. This will prevent git from fetching unnecessary blobs from server, see [git sparse-checkout](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-sparse-checkout) and [git clone --filter](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone#Documentation/git-clone.txt---filterltfilter-specgt) for more information:
+
+```nix
+{ stdenv, fetchgit }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  name = "hello";
+  src = fetchgit {
+    url = "https://...";
+    sparseCheckout = ''
+      path/to/be/included
+      another/path
+    '';
+    sha256 = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+  };
+}
+```
+
+## `fetchfossil` {#fetchfossil}
+
+Used with Fossil. Expects `url` to a Fossil archive, `rev`, and `sha256`.
+
+## `fetchcvs` {#fetchcvs}
+
+Used with CVS. Expects `cvsRoot`, `tag`, and `sha256`.
+
+## `fetchhg` {#fetchhg}
+
+Used with Mercurial. Expects `url`, `rev`, and `sha256`.
+
+A number of fetcher functions wrap part of `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
+
+## `fetchFromGitea` {#fetchfromgitea}
+
+`fetchFromGitea` expects five arguments. `domain` is the gitea server name. `owner` is a string corresponding to the Gitea user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every Gitea HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `sha256` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `sha256` is currently preferred.
+
+## `fetchFromGitHub` {#fetchfromgithub}
+
+`fetchFromGitHub` expects four arguments. `owner` is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `sha256` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available, but `sha256` is currently preferred.
+
+`fetchFromGitHub` uses `fetchzip` to download the source archive generated by GitHub for the specified revision. If `leaveDotGit`, `deepClone` or `fetchSubmodules` are set to `true`, `fetchFromGitHub` will use `fetchgit` instead. Refer to its section for documentation of these options.
+
+## `fetchFromGitLab` {#fetchfromgitlab}
+
+This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
+
+## `fetchFromGitiles` {#fetchfromgitiles}
+
+This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected are similar to `fetchgit`.
+
+## `fetchFromBitbucket` {#fetchfrombitbucket}
+
+This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
+
+## `fetchFromSavannah` {#fetchfromsavannah}
+
+This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
+
+## `fetchFromRepoOrCz` {#fetchfromrepoorcz}
+
+This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
+
+## `fetchFromSourcehut` {#fetchfromsourcehut}
+
+This is used with sourcehut repositories. Similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above,
+it expects `owner`, `repo`, `rev` and `sha256`, but don't forget the tilde (~)
+in front of the username! Expected arguments also include `vc` ("git" (default)
+or "hg"), `domain` and `fetchSubmodules`.
+
+If `fetchSubmodules` is `true`, `fetchFromSourcehut` uses `fetchgit`
+or `fetchhg` with `fetchSubmodules` or `fetchSubrepos` set to `true`,
+respectively. Otherwise, the fetcher uses `fetchzip`.

doc/builders/images.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="chap-images">
+ <title>Images</title>
+ <para>
+  This chapter describes tools for creating various types of images.
+ </para>
+ <xi:include href="images/appimagetools.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/dockertools.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/ocitools.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="images/snaptools.section.xml" />
+</chapter>

doc/builders/images/appimagetools.section.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
+
+`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
+
+::: {.warning}
+The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
+:::
+
+## AppImage formats {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats}
+
+There are different formats for AppImages, see [the specification](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format) for details.
+
+- Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
+- Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
+
+They can be told apart with `file -k`:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ file -k type1.AppImage
+type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
+spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
+
+$ file -k type2.AppImage
+type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
+```
+
+Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an `ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem`, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
+
+## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
+
+Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use `wrapType1` or `wrapType2`.
+
+```nix
+appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
+  name = "patchwork";
+  src = fetchurl {
+    url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
+    sha256 = "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
+  };
+  extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ];
+}
+```
+
+- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image.
+- `src` specifies the AppImage file to extract.
+- `extraPkgs` allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
+  - Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables. This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
+  - Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.

doc/builders/images/dockertools.section.md

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+# pkgs.dockerTools {#sec-pkgs-dockerTools}
+
+`pkgs.dockerTools` is a set of functions for creating and manipulating Docker images according to the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#docker-image-specification-v120). Docker itself is not used to perform any of the operations done by these functions.
+
+## buildImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage}
+
+This function is analogous to the `docker build` command, in that it can be used to build a Docker-compatible repository tarball containing a single image with one or multiple layers. As such, the result is suitable for being loaded in Docker with `docker load`.
+
+The parameters of `buildImage` with relative example values are described below:
+
+[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage}
+[]{#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot}
+
+```nix
+buildImage {
+  name = "redis";
+  tag = "latest";
+
+  fromImage = someBaseImage;
+  fromImageName = null;
+  fromImageTag = "latest";
+
+  contents = pkgs.redis;
+  runAsRoot = ''
+    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
+    mkdir -p /data
+  '';
+
+  config = {
+    Cmd = [ "/bin/redis-server" ];
+    WorkingDir = "/data";
+    Volumes = { "/data" = { }; };
+  };
+}
+```
+
+The above example will build a Docker image `redis/latest` from the given base image. Loading and running this image in Docker results in `redis-server` being started automatically.
+
+- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image. This is the only required argument for `buildImage`.
+
+- `tag` specifies the tag of the resulting image. By default it's `null`, which indicates that the nix output hash will be used as tag.
+
+- `fromImage` is the repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as exported by `docker save`. By default it's `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
+
+- `fromImageName` can be used to further specify the base image within the repository, in case it contains multiple images. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first image available in the repository.
+
+- `fromImageTag` can be used to further specify the tag of the base image within the repository, in case an image contains multiple tags. By default it's `null`, in which case `buildImage` will peek the first tag available for the base image.
+
+- `contents` is a derivation that will be copied in the new layer of the resulting image. This can be similarly seen as `ADD contents/ /` in a `Dockerfile`. By default it's `null`.
+
+- `runAsRoot` is a bash script that will run as root in an environment that overlays the existing layers of the base image with the new resulting layer, including the previously copied `contents` derivation. This can be similarly seen as `RUN ...` in a `Dockerfile`.
+
+> **_NOTE:_** Using this parameter requires the `kvm` device to be available.
+
+- `config` is used to specify the configuration of the containers that will be started off the built image in Docker. The available options are listed in the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
+
+After the new layer has been created, its closure (to which `contents`, `config` and `runAsRoot` contribute) will be copied in the layer itself. Only new dependencies that are not already in the existing layers will be copied.
+
+At the end of the process, only one new single layer will be produced and added to the resulting image.
+
+The resulting repository will only list the single image `image/tag`. In the case of [the `buildImage` example](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage), it would be `redis/latest`.
+
+It is possible to inspect the arguments with which an image was built using its `buildArgs` attribute.
+
+> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `getProtocolByName: does not exist (no such protocol name: tcp)` you may need to add `pkgs.iana-etc` to `contents`.
+
+> **_NOTE:_** If you see errors similar to `Error_Protocol ("certificate has unknown CA",True,UnknownCa)` you may need to add `pkgs.cacert` to `contents`.
+
+By default `buildImage` will use a static date of one second past the UNIX Epoch. This allows `buildImage` to produce binary reproducible images. When listing images with `docker images`, the newly created images will be listed like this:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
+hello        latest   08c791c7846e   48 years ago   25.2MB
+```
+
+You can break binary reproducibility but have a sorted, meaningful `CREATED` column by setting `created` to `now`.
+
+```nix
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  tag = "latest";
+  created = "now";
+  contents = pkgs.hello;
+
+  config.Cmd = [ "/bin/hello" ];
+}
+```
+
+Now the Docker CLI will display a reasonable date and sort the images as expected:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
+hello        latest   de2bf4786de6   About a minute ago   25.2MB
+```
+
+However, the produced images will not be binary reproducible.
+
+## buildLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildLayeredImage}
+
+Create a Docker image with many of the store paths being on their own layer to improve sharing between images. The image is realized into the Nix store as a gzipped tarball. Depending on the intended usage, many users might prefer to use `streamLayeredImage` instead, which this function uses internally.
+
+`name`
+
+: The name of the resulting image.
+
+`tag` _optional_
+
+: Tag of the generated image.
+
+    *Default:* the output path's hash
+
+`fromImage` _optional_
+
+: The repository tarball containing the base image. It must be a valid Docker image, such as one exported by `docker save`.
+
+    *Default:* `null`, which can be seen as equivalent to `FROM scratch` of a `Dockerfile`.
+
+`contents` _optional_
+
+: Top-level paths in the container. Either a single derivation, or a list of derivations.
+
+    *Default:* `[]`
+
+`config` _optional_
+
+: Run-time configuration of the container. A full list of the options are available at in the [Docker Image Specification v1.2.0](https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/image/spec/v1.2.md#image-json-field-descriptions).
+
+    *Default:* `{}`
+
+`created` _optional_
+
+: Date and time the layers were created. Follows the same `now` exception supported by `buildImage`.
+
+    *Default:* `1970-01-01T00:00:01Z`
+
+`maxLayers` _optional_
+
+: Maximum number of layers to create.
+
+    *Default:* `100`
+
+    *Maximum:* `125`
+
+`extraCommands` _optional_
+
+: Shell commands to run while building the final layer, without access to most of the layer contents. Changes to this layer are "on top" of all the other layers, so can create additional directories and files.
+
+`fakeRootCommands` _optional_
+
+: Shell commands to run while creating the archive for the final layer in a fakeroot environment. Unlike `extraCommands`, you can run `chown` to change the owners of the files in the archive, changing fakeroot's state instead of the real filesystem. The latter would require privileges that the build user does not have. Static binaries do not interact with the fakeroot environment. By default all files in the archive will be owned by root.
+
+`enableFakechroot` _optional_
+
+: Whether to run in `fakeRootCommands` in `fakechroot`, making programs behave as though `/` is the root of the image being created, while files in the Nix store are available as usual. This allows scripts that perform installation in `/` to work as expected. Considering that `fakechroot` is implemented via the same mechanism as `fakeroot`, the same caveats apply.
+
+    *Default:* `false`
+
+### Behavior of `contents` in the final image {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-contents}
+
+Each path directly listed in `contents` will have a symlink in the root of the image.
+
+For example:
+
+```nix
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  contents = [ pkgs.hello ];
+}
+```
+
+will create symlinks for all the paths in the `hello` package:
+
+```ShellSession
+/bin/hello -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/bin/hello
+/share/info/hello.info -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/info/hello.info
+/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo -> /nix/store/h1zb1padqbbb7jicsvkmrym3r6snphxg-hello-2.10/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo
+```
+
+### Automatic inclusion of `config` references {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-config}
+
+The closure of `config` is automatically included in the closure of the final image.
+
+This allows you to make very simple Docker images with very little code. This container will start up and run `hello`:
+
+```nix
+pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
+  name = "hello";
+  config.Cmd = [ "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello" ];
+}
+```
+
+### Adjusting `maxLayers` {#dockerTools-buildLayeredImage-arg-maxLayers}
+
+Increasing the `maxLayers` increases the number of layers which have a chance to be shared between different images.
+
+Modern Docker installations support up to 128 layers, but older versions support as few as 42.
+
+If the produced image will not be extended by other Docker builds, it is safe to set `maxLayers` to `128`. However, it will be impossible to extend the image further.
+
+The first (`maxLayers-2`) most "popular" paths will have their own individual layers, then layer \#`maxLayers-1` will contain all the remaining "unpopular" paths, and finally layer \#`maxLayers` will contain the Image configuration.
+
+Docker's Layers are not inherently ordered, they are content-addressable and are not explicitly layered until they are composed in to an Image.
+
+## streamLayeredImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-streamLayeredImage}
+
+Builds a script which, when run, will stream an uncompressed tarball of a Docker image to stdout. The arguments to this function are as for `buildLayeredImage`. This method of constructing an image does not realize the image into the Nix store, so it saves on IO and disk/cache space, particularly with large images.
+
+The image produced by running the output script can be piped directly into `docker load`, to load it into the local docker daemon:
+
+```ShellSession
+$(nix-build) | docker load
+```
+
+Alternatively, the image be piped via `gzip` into `skopeo`, e.g., to copy it into a registry:
+
+```ShellSession
+$(nix-build) | gzip --fast | skopeo copy docker-archive:/dev/stdin docker://some_docker_registry/myimage:tag
+```
+
+## pullImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-fetchFromRegistry}
+
+This function is analogous to the `docker pull` command, in that it can be used to pull a Docker image from a Docker registry. By default [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) is used to pull images.
+
+Its parameters are described in the example below:
+
+```nix
+pullImage {
+  imageName = "nixos/nix";
+  imageDigest =
+    "sha256:20d9485b25ecfd89204e843a962c1bd70e9cc6858d65d7f5fadc340246e2116b";
+  finalImageName = "nix";
+  finalImageTag = "1.11";
+  sha256 = "0mqjy3zq2v6rrhizgb9nvhczl87lcfphq9601wcprdika2jz7qh8";
+  os = "linux";
+  arch = "x86_64";
+}
+```
+
+- `imageName` specifies the name of the image to be downloaded, which can also include the registry namespace (e.g. `nixos`). This argument is required.
+
+- `imageDigest` specifies the digest of the image to be downloaded. This argument is required.
+
+- `finalImageName`, if specified, this is the name of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's equal to `imageName`.
+
+- `finalImageTag`, if specified, this is the tag of the image to be created. Note it is never used to fetch the image since we prefer to rely on the immutable digest ID. By default it's `latest`.
+
+- `sha256` is the checksum of the whole fetched image. This argument is required.
+
+- `os`, if specified, is the operating system of the fetched image. By default it's `linux`.
+
+- `arch`, if specified, is the cpu architecture of the fetched image. By default it's `x86_64`.
+
+`nix-prefetch-docker` command can be used to get required image parameters:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ nix run nixpkgs.nix-prefetch-docker -c nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5
+```
+
+Since a given `imageName` may transparently refer to a manifest list of images which support multiple architectures and/or operating systems, you can supply the `--os` and `--arch` arguments to specify exactly which image you want. By default it will match the OS and architecture of the host the command is run on.
+
+```ShellSession
+$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --arch x86_64 --os linux
+```
+
+Desired image name and tag can be set using `--final-image-name` and `--final-image-tag` arguments:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ nix-prefetch-docker --image-name mysql --image-tag 5 --final-image-name eu.gcr.io/my-project/mysql --final-image-tag prod
+```
+
+## exportImage {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-exportImage}
+
+This function is analogous to the `docker export` command, in that it can be used to flatten a Docker image that contains multiple layers. It is in fact the result of the merge of all the layers of the image. As such, the result is suitable for being imported in Docker with `docker import`.
+
+> **_NOTE:_** Using this function requires the `kvm` device to be available.
+
+The parameters of `exportImage` are the following:
+
+```nix
+exportImage {
+  fromImage = someLayeredImage;
+  fromImageName = null;
+  fromImageTag = null;
+
+  name = someLayeredImage.name;
+}
+```
+
+The parameters relative to the base image have the same synopsis as described in [buildImage](#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-buildImage), except that `fromImage` is the only required argument in this case.
+
+The `name` argument is the name of the derivation output, which defaults to `fromImage.name`.
+
+## shadowSetup {#ssec-pkgs-dockerTools-shadowSetup}
+
+This constant string is a helper for setting up the base files for managing users and groups, only if such files don't exist already. It is suitable for being used in a [`buildImage` `runAsRoot`](#ex-dockerTools-buildImage-runAsRoot) script for cases like in the example below:
+
+```nix
+buildImage {
+  name = "shadow-basic";
+
+  runAsRoot = ''
+    #!${pkgs.runtimeShell}
+    ${shadowSetup}
+    groupadd -r redis
+    useradd -r -g redis redis
+    mkdir /data
+    chown redis:redis /data
+  '';
+}
+```
+
+Creating base files like `/etc/passwd` or `/etc/login.defs` is necessary for shadow-utils to manipulate users and groups.

doc/builders/images/ocitools.section.md

@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ buildContainer {
 
 - `mounts` specifies additional mount points chosen by the user. By default only a minimal set of necessary filesystems are mounted into the container (e.g procfs, cgroupfs)
 
-- `readonly` makes the container's rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false `false`.
+- `readonly` makes the container\'s rootfs read-only if it is set to true. The default value is false `false`.

doc/builders/packages/cataclysm-dda.section.md

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ let
         owner = "Someone";
         repo = "AwesomeMod";
         rev = "...";
-        hash = "...";
+        sha256 = "...";
       };
       # Path to be installed in the unpacked source (default: ".")
       modRoot = "contents/under/this/path/will/be/installed";

doc/builders/packages/citrix.section.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Citrix Workspace {#sec-citrix}
+
+The [Citrix Workspace App](https://www.citrix.com/products/workspace-app/) is a remote desktop viewer which provides access to [XenDesktop](https://www.citrix.com/products/xenapp-xendesktop/) installations.
+
+## Basic usage {#sec-citrix-base}
+
+The tarball archive needs to be downloaded manually, as the license agreements of the vendor for [Citrix Workspace](https://www.citrix.de/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html) needs to be accepted first. Then run `nix-prefetch-url file://$PWD/linuxx64-$version.tar.gz`. With the archive available in the store, the package can be built and installed with Nix.
+
+## Citrix Self-service {#sec-citrix-selfservice}
+
+The [self-service](https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX200337) is an application managing Citrix desktops and applications. Please note that this feature only works with at least citrix_workspace_20_06_0 and later versions.
+
+In order to set this up, you first have to [download the `.cr` file from the Netscaler Gateway](https://its.uiowa.edu/support/article/102186). After that, you can configure the `selfservice` like this:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ storebrowse -C ~/Downloads/receiverconfig.cr
+$ selfservice
+```
+
+## Custom certificates {#sec-citrix-custom-certs}
+
+The `Citrix Workspace App` in `nixpkgs` trusts several certificates [from the Mozilla database](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html) by default. However, several companies using Citrix might require their own corporate certificate. On distros with imperative packaging, these certs can be stored easily in [`$ICAROOT`](https://developer-docs.citrix.com/projects/receiver-for-linux-command-reference/en/13.7/), however this directory is a store path in `nixpkgs`. In order to work around this issue, the package provides a simple mechanism to add custom certificates without rebuilding the entire package using `symlinkJoin`:
+
+```nix
+with import <nixpkgs> { config.allowUnfree = true; };
+let
+  extraCerts = [
+    ./custom-cert-1.pem
+    ./custom-cert-2.pem # ...
+  ];
+in citrix_workspace.override { inherit extraCerts; }
+```

doc/builders/packages/dlib.section.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# DLib {#dlib}
+
+[DLib](http://dlib.net/) is a modern, C++-based toolkit which provides several machine learning algorithms.
+
+## Compiling without AVX support {#compiling-without-avx-support}
+
+Especially older CPUs don\'t support [AVX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions) (Advanced Vector Extensions) instructions that are used by DLib to optimize their algorithms.
+
+On the affected hardware errors like `Illegal instruction` will occur. In those cases AVX support needs to be disabled:
+
+```nix
+self: super: { dlib = super.dlib.override { avxSupport = false; }; }
+```

doc/builders/packages/eclipse.section.md

@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ packageOverrides = pkgs: {
         name = "myplugin1-1.0";
         srcFeature = fetchurl {
           url = "http://…/features/myplugin1.jar";
-          hash = "sha256-123…";
+          sha256 = "123…";
         };
         srcPlugin = fetchurl {
           url = "http://…/plugins/myplugin1.jar";
-          hash = "sha256-123…";
+          sha256 = "123…";
         };
       });
       (plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ packageOverrides = pkgs: {
         src = fetchurl {
           stripRoot = false;
           url = "http://…/myplugin2.zip";
-          hash = "sha256-123…";
+          sha256 = "123…";
         };
       });
     ];

doc/builders/packages/emacs.section.md

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ You can install it like any other packages via `nix-env -iA myEmacs`. However, t
 {
   packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
     myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
+      ;; initialize package
+
+      (require 'package)
+      (package-initialize 'noactivate)
       (eval-when-compile
         (require 'use-package))
 
@@ -99,14 +103,14 @@ You can install it like any other packages via `nix-env -iA myEmacs`. However, t
 
 This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in addition to the user's personal config. You can always disable it by passing `-q` to the Emacs command.
 
-Sometimes `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` is not enough, as this package set has some priorities imposed on packages (with the lowest priority assigned to GNU-devel ELPA, and the highest for packages manually defined in `pkgs/applications/editors/emacs/elisp-packages/manual-packages`). But you can't control these priorities when some package is installed as a dependency. You can override it on a per-package-basis, providing all the required dependencies manually, but it's tedious and there is always a possibility that an unwanted dependency will sneak in through some other package. To completely override such a package, you can use `overrideScope`.
+Sometimes `emacs.pkgs.withPackages` is not enough, as this package set has some priorities imposed on packages (with the lowest priority assigned to Melpa Unstable, and the highest for packages manually defined in `pkgs/top-level/emacs-packages.nix`). But you can't control these priorities when some package is installed as a dependency. You can override it on a per-package-basis, providing all the required dependencies manually, but it's tedious and there is always a possibility that an unwanted dependency will sneak in through some other package. To completely override such a package, you can use `overrideScope'`.
 
 ```nix
 overrides = self: super: rec {
   haskell-mode = self.melpaPackages.haskell-mode;
   ...
 };
-((emacsPackagesFor emacs).overrideScope overrides).withPackages
+((emacsPackagesFor emacs).overrideScope' overrides).withPackages
   (p: with p; [
     # here both these package will use haskell-mode of our own choice
     ghc-mod

doc/builders/packages/firefox.section.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The `wrapFirefox` function allows to pass policies, preferences and extensions t
       (fetchFirefoxAddon {
         name = "ublock"; # Has to be unique!
         url = "https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/downloads/file/3679754/ublock_origin-1.31.0-an+fx.xpi";
-        hash = "sha256-2e73AbmYZlZXCP5ptYVcFjQYdjDp4iPoEPEOSCVF5sA=";
+        sha256 = "1h768ljlh3pi23l27qp961v1hd0nbj2vasgy11bmcrlqp40zgvnr";
       })
     ];
 
@@ -26,14 +26,10 @@ The `wrapFirefox` function allows to pass policies, preferences and extensions t
         Pocket = false;
         Snippets = false;
       };
-      UserMessaging = {
-        ExtensionRecommendations = false;
-        SkipOnboarding = true;
-      };
-      SecurityDevices = {
-        # Use a proxy module rather than `nixpkgs.config.firefox.smartcardSupport = true`
-        "PKCS#11 Proxy Module" = "${pkgs.p11-kit}/lib/p11-kit-proxy.so";
-      };
+       UserMessaging = {
+         ExtensionRecommendations = false;
+         SkipOnboarding = true;
+       };
     };
 
     extraPrefs = ''

doc/builders/packages/ibus.section.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This package is an ibus-based completion method to speed up typing.
 
 ## Activating the engine {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-activate}
 
-IBus needs to be configured accordingly to activate `typing-booster`. The configuration depends on the desktop manager in use. For detailed instructions, please refer to the [upstream docs](https://mike-fabian.github.io/ibus-typing-booster/).
+IBus needs to be configured accordingly to activate `typing-booster`. The configuration depends on the desktop manager in use. For detailed instructions, please refer to the [upstream docs](https://mike-fabian.github.io/ibus-typing-booster/documentation.html).
 
 On NixOS, you need to explicitly enable `ibus` with given engines before customizing your desktop to use `typing-booster`. This can be achieved using the `ibus` module:
 
@@ -29,12 +29,10 @@ _Note: each language passed to `langs` must be an attribute name in `pkgs.hunspe
 
 ## Built-in emoji picker {#sec-ibus-typing-booster-emoji-picker}
 
-The `ibus-engines.typing-booster` package contains a program named `emoji-picker`. To display all emojis correctly, a special font such as `noto-fonts-color-emoji` is needed:
+The `ibus-engines.typing-booster` package contains a program named `emoji-picker`. To display all emojis correctly, a special font such as `noto-fonts-emoji` is needed:
 
 On NixOS, it can be installed using the following expression:
 
 ```nix
-{ pkgs, ... }: {
-  fonts.packages = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts-color-emoji ];
-}
+{ pkgs, ... }: { fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [ noto-fonts-emoji ]; }
 ```

doc/builders/packages/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="chap-packages">
+ <title>Packages</title>
+ <para>
+  This chapter contains information about how to use and maintain the Nix expressions for a number of specific packages, such as the Linux kernel or X.org.
+ </para>
+ <xi:include href="citrix.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="dlib.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="eclipse.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="elm.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="emacs.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="firefox.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="fish.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="fuse.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ibus.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="kakoune.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="linux.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="locales.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="etc-files.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="nginx.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="opengl.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="shell-helpers.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="steam.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="cataclysm-dda.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="urxvt.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="weechat.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="xorg.section.xml" />
+</chapter>

doc/builders/packages/linux.section.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Linux kernel {#sec-linux-kernel}
+
+The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in [`pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel).
+
+The function that builds the kernel has an argument `kernelPatches` which should be a list of `{name, patch, extraConfig}` attribute sets, where `name` is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernel’s `meta.description` attribute), `patch` is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and `extraConfig` (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (`.config`).
+
+The kernel derivation exports an attribute `features` specifying whether optional functionality is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the `iwlwifi` feature (i.e., has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the external `iwlwifi` package:
+
+```nix
+modulesTree = [kernel]
+  ++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
+  ++ ...;
+```
+
+How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
+
+1.  Copy the old Nix expression (e.g., `linux-2.6.21.nix`) to the new one (e.g., `linux-2.6.22.nix`) and update it.
+
+2.  Add the new kernel to the `kernels` attribute set in `linux-kernels.nix` (e.g., create an attribute `kernel_2_6_22`).
+
+3.  Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (`i686`, `x86_64`, `uml`) do the following:
+
+    1.  Make a copy from the old config (e.g., `config-2.6.21-i686-smp`) to the new one (e.g., `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
+
+    2.  Copy the config file for this platform (e.g., `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`) to `.config` in the kernel source tree.
+
+    3.  Run `make oldconfig ARCH={i386,x86_64,um}` and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add `SHELL=bash`.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e., don’t enable some feature on `i686` and disable it on `x86_64`).
+
+    4.  If needed, you can also run `make menuconfig`:
+
+        ```ShellSession
+        $ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA ncurses
+        $ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
+        $ make menuconfig ARCH=arch
+        ```
+
+    5.  Copy `.config` over the new config file (e.g., `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
+
+4.  Test building the kernel: `nix-build -A linuxKernel.kernels.kernel_2_6_22`. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
+
+5.  It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the `linuxPackagesFor` function in `linux-kernels.nix` (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.

doc/builders/packages/nginx.section.md

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ HTTP has a couple of different mechanisms for caching to prevent clients from ha
 
 Fortunately, HTTP supports an alternative (and more effective) caching mechanism: the [`ETag`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag) response header. The value of the `ETag` header specifies some identifier for the particular content that the server is sending (e.g., a hash). When a client makes a second request for the same resource, it sends that value back in an `If-None-Match` header. If the ETag value is unchanged, then the server does not need to resend the content.
 
-As of NixOS 19.09, the nginx package in Nixpkgs is patched such that when nginx serves a file out of `/nix/store`, the hash in the store path is used as the `ETag` header in the HTTP response, thus providing proper caching functionality. With NixOS 24.05 and later, the `ETag` additionally includes the response content length, to ensure files served with static compression do not share `ETag`s with their uncompressed version. This `ETag` functionality is enabled automatically; you do not need to do modify any configuration to get this behavior.
+As of NixOS 19.09, the nginx package in Nixpkgs is patched such that when nginx serves a file out of `/nix/store`, the hash in the store path is used as the `ETag` header in the HTTP response, thus providing proper caching functionality. This happens automatically; you do not need to do modify any configuration to get this behavior.

doc/builders/packages/steam.section.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Nix problems and constraints:
 - The `steam.sh` script in `$HOME` cannot be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.
 - The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.
 
-The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible chroot environment, as documented [here](https://sandervanderburg.blogspot.com/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html). This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system, and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
+The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible chroot environment, as documented [here](http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html). This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system, and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
 
 ## How to play {#sec-steam-play}
 

doc/builders/packages/unfree.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+         xml:id="unfree-software">
+ <title>Unfree software</title>
+
+ <para>
+  All users of Nixpkgs are free software users, and many users (and developers) of Nixpkgs want to limit and tightly control their exposure to unfree software. At the same time, many users need (or want) to run some specific pieces of proprietary software. Nixpkgs includes some expressions for unfree software packages. By default unfree software cannot be installed and doesn’t show up in searches. To allow installing unfree software in a single Nix invocation one can export <literal>NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1</literal>. For a persistent solution, users can set <literal>allowUnfree</literal> in the Nixpkgs configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Fine-grained control is possible by defining <literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal> function in config; it takes the <literal>mkDerivation</literal> parameter attrset and returns <literal>true</literal> for unfree packages that should be allowed.
+ </para>
+</section>

doc/builders/packages/urxvt.section.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ $ nix repl
 map (p: p.name) pkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins
 ```
 
-Alternatively, if your shell is bash or zsh and have completion enabled, type `nixpkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins.<tab>`.
+Alternatively, if your shell is bash or zsh and have completion enabled, simply type `nixpkgs.rxvt-unicode.plugins.<tab>`.
 
 In addition to `plugins` the options `extraDeps` and `perlDeps` can be used to install extra packages. `extraDeps` can be used, for example, to provide `xsel` (a clipboard manager) to the clipboard plugin, without installing it globally:
 

doc/builders/packages/weechat.section.md

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation {
   name = "exemplary-weechat-script";
   src = fetchurl {
     url = "https://scripts.tld/your-scripts.tar.gz";
-    hash = "...";
+    sha256 = "...";
   };
   passthru.scripts = [ "foo.py" "bar.lua" ];
   installPhase = ''

doc/builders/special.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+         xml:id="chap-special">
+ <title>Special builders</title>
+ <para>
+  This chapter describes several special builders.
+ </para>
+ <xi:include href="special/fhs-environments.section.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="special/mkshell.section.xml" />
+</chapter>

doc/builders/special/fhs-environments.section.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# buildFHSUserEnv {#sec-fhs-environments}
+
+`buildFHSUserEnv` provides a way to build and run FHS-compatible lightweight sandboxes. It creates an isolated root with bound `/nix/store`, so its footprint in terms of disk space needed is quite small. This allows one to run software which is hard or unfeasible to patch for NixOS -- 3rd-party source trees with FHS assumptions, games distributed as tarballs, software with integrity checking and/or external self-updated binaries. It uses Linux namespaces feature to create temporary lightweight environments which are destroyed after all child processes exit, without root user rights requirement. Accepted arguments are:
+
+- `name`
+        Environment name.
+- `targetPkgs`
+        Packages to be installed for the main host's architecture (i.e. x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Along with libraries binaries are also installed.
+- `multiPkgs`
+        Packages to be installed for all architectures supported by a host (i.e. i686 and x86_64 on x86_64 installations). Only libraries are installed by default.
+- `extraBuildCommands`
+        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the directory structure.
+- `extraBuildCommandsMulti`
+        Like `extraBuildCommands`, but executed only on multilib architectures.
+- `extraOutputsToInstall`
+        Additional derivation outputs to be linked for both target and multi-architecture packages.
+- `extraInstallCommands`
+        Additional commands to be executed for finalizing the derivation with runner script.
+- `runScript`
+        A command that would be executed inside the sandbox and passed all the command line arguments. It defaults to `bash`.
+- `profile`
+        Optional script for `/etc/profile` within the sandbox.
+
+One can create a simple environment using a `shell.nix` like that:
+
+```nix
+{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
+
+(pkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
+  name = "simple-x11-env";
+  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
+    [ udev
+      alsa-lib
+    ]) ++ (with pkgs.xorg;
+    [ libX11
+      libXcursor
+      libXrandr
+    ]);
+  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs;
+    [ udev
+      alsa-lib
+    ]);
+  runScript = "bash";
+}).env
+```
+
+Running `nix-shell` would then drop you into a shell with these libraries and binaries available. You can use this to run closed-source applications which expect FHS structure without hassles: simply change `runScript` to the application path, e.g. `./bin/start.sh` -- relative paths are supported.
+
+Additionally, the FHS builder links all relocated gsettings-schemas (the glib setup-hook moves them to `share/gsettings-schemas/${name}/glib-2.0/schemas`) to their standard FHS location. This means you don't need to wrap binaries with `wrapGAppsHook`.

doc/builders/special/mkshell.section.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pkgs.mkShell {
 }
 ```
 
-## Attributes {#sec-pkgs-mkShell-attributes}
+## Attributes
 
 * `name` (default: `nix-shell`). Set the name of the derivation.
 * `packages` (default: `[]`). Add executable packages to the `nix-shell` environment.
@@ -29,11 +29,7 @@ pkgs.mkShell {
 
 ... all the attributes of `stdenv.mkDerivation`.
 
-## Variants {#sec-pkgs-mkShell-variants}
-
-`pkgs.mkShellNoCC` is a variant that uses `stdenvNoCC` instead of `stdenv` as base environment. This is useful if no C compiler is needed in the shell environment.
-
-## Building the shell {#sec-pkgs-mkShell-building}
+## Building the shell
 
 This derivation output will contain a text file that contains a reference to
 all the build inputs. This is useful in CI where we want to make sure that

doc/builders/testers.chapter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Testers {#chap-testers}
+This chapter describes several testing builders which are available in the <literal>testers</literal> namespace.
+
+## `testVersion` {#tester-testVersion}
+
+Checks the command output contains the specified version
+
+Although simplistic, this test assures that the main program
+can run. While there's no substitute for a real test case,
+it does catch dynamic linking errors and such. It also provides
+some protection against accidentally building the wrong version,
+for example when using an 'old' hash in a fixed-output derivation.
+
+Examples:
+
+```nix
+passthru.tests.version = testVersion { package = hello; };
+
+passthru.tests.version = testVersion {
+  package = seaweedfs;
+  command = "weed version";
+};
+
+passthru.tests.version = testVersion {
+  package = key;
+  command = "KeY --help";
+  # Wrong '2.5' version in the code. Drop on next version.
+  version = "2.5";
+};
+```
+
+## `testEqualDerivation` {#tester-testEqualDerivation}
+
+Checks that two packages produce the exact same build instructions.
+
+This can be used to make sure that a certain difference of configuration,
+such as the presence of an overlay does not cause a cache miss.
+
+When the derivations are equal, the return value is an empty file.
+Otherwise, the build log explains the difference via `nix-diff`.
+
+Example:
+
+```nix
+testEqualDerivation
+  "The hello package must stay the same when enabling checks."
+  hello
+  (hello.overrideAttrs(o: { doCheck = true; }))
+```
+
+## `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` {#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash}
+
+Use the derivation hash to invalidate the output via name, for testing.
+
+Type: `(a@{ name, ... } -> Derivation) -> a -> Derivation`
+
+Normally, fixed output derivations can and should be cached by their output
+hash only, but for testing we want to re-fetch everytime the fetcher changes.
+
+Changes to the fetcher become apparent in the drvPath, which is a hash of
+how to fetch, rather than a fixed store path.
+By inserting this hash into the name, we can make sure to re-run the fetcher
+every time the fetcher changes.
+
+This relies on the assumption that Nix isn't clever enough to reuse its
+database of local store contents to optimize fetching.
+
+You might notice that the "salted" name derives from the normal invocation,
+not the final derivation. `invalidateFetcherByDrvHash` has to invoke the fetcher
+function twice: once to get a derivation hash, and again to produce the final
+fixed output derivation.
+
+Example:
+
+```nix
+tests.fetchgit = invalidateFetcherByDrvHash fetchgit {
+  name = "nix-source";
+  url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix";
+  rev = "9d9dbe6ed05854e03811c361a3380e09183f4f4a";
+  sha256 = "sha256-7DszvbCNTjpzGRmpIVAWXk20P0/XTrWZ79KSOGLrUWY=";
+};
+```
+
+## `nixosTest` {#tester-nixosTest}
+
+Run a NixOS VM network test using this evaluation of Nixpkgs.
+
+NOTE: This function is primarily for external use. NixOS itself uses `make-test-python.nix` directly. Packages defined in Nixpkgs [reuse NixOS tests via `nixosTests`, plural](#ssec-nixos-tests-linking).
+
+It is mostly equivalent to the function `import ./make-test-python.nix` from the
+[NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests),
+except that the current application of Nixpkgs (`pkgs`) will be used, instead of
+letting NixOS invoke Nixpkgs anew.
+
+If a test machine needs to set NixOS options under `nixpkgs`, it must set only the
+`nixpkgs.pkgs` option.
+
+### Parameter
+
+A [NixOS VM test network](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests), or path to it. Example:
+
+```nix
+{
+  name = "my-test";
+  nodes = {
+    machine1 = { lib, pkgs, nodes, ... }: {
+      environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.hello ];
+      services.foo.enable = true;
+    };
+    # machine2 = ...;
+  };
+  testScript = ''
+    start_all()
+    machine1.wait_for_unit("foo.service")
+    machine1.succeed("hello | foo-send")
+  '';
+}
+```
+
+### Result
+
+A derivation that runs the VM test.
+
+Notable attributes:
+
+ * `nodes`: the evaluated NixOS configurations. Useful for debugging and exploring the configuration.
+
+ * `driverInteractive`: a script that launches an interactive Python session in the context of the `testScript`.

doc/builders/trivial-builders.chapter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# Trivial builders {#chap-trivial-builders}
+
+Nixpkgs provides a couple of functions that help with building derivations. The most important one, `stdenv.mkDerivation`, has already been documented above. The following functions wrap `stdenv.mkDerivation`, making it easier to use in certain cases.
+
+## `runCommand` {#trivial-builder-runCommand}
+
+This takes three arguments, `name`, `env`, and `buildCommand`. `name` is just the name that Nix will append to the store path in the same way that `stdenv.mkDerivation` uses its `name` attribute. `env` is an attribute set specifying environment variables that will be set for this derivation. These attributes are then passed to the wrapped `stdenv.mkDerivation`. `buildCommand` specifies the commands that will be run to create this derivation. Note that you will need to create `$out` for Nix to register the command as successful.
+
+An example of using `runCommand` is provided below.
+
+```nix
+(import <nixpkgs> {}).runCommand "my-example" {} ''
+  echo My example command is running
+
+  mkdir $out
+
+  echo I can write data to the Nix store > $out/message
+
+  echo I can also run basic commands like:
+
+  echo ls
+  ls
+
+  echo whoami
+  whoami
+
+  echo date
+  date
+''
+```
+
+## `runCommandCC` {#trivial-builder-runCommandCC}
+
+This works just like `runCommand`. The only difference is that it also provides a C compiler in `buildCommand`'s environment. To minimize your dependencies, you should only use this if you are sure you will need a C compiler as part of running your command.
+
+## `runCommandLocal` {#trivial-builder-runCommandLocal}
+
+Variant of `runCommand` that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is not substituted. This is intended for very cheap commands (<1s execution time). It saves on the network round-trip and can speed up a build.
+
+::: {.note}
+This sets [`allowSubstitutes` to `false`](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes), so only use `runCommandLocal` if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the `system` of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g., just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks) because there the `system` is usually the same as `builtins.currentSystem`.
+:::
+
+## `writeTextFile`, `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
+
+These functions write `text` to the Nix store. This is useful for creating scripts from Nix expressions. `writeTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `text`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `text` will be the contents of the file. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
+
+Many more commands wrap `writeTextFile` including `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, and `writeScriptBin`. These are convenience functions over `writeTextFile`.
+
+Here are a few examples:
+```nix
+# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>
+writeTextFile {
+  name = "my-file";
+  text = ''
+    Contents of File
+  '';
+}
+# See also the `writeText` helper function below.
+
+# Writes executable my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file
+writeTextFile {
+  name = "my-file";
+  text = ''
+    Contents of File
+  '';
+  executable = true;
+  destination = "/bin/my-file";
+}
+# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>
+writeText "my-file"
+  ''
+  Contents of File
+  '';
+# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>/share/my-file
+writeTextDir "share/my-file"
+  ''
+  Contents of File
+  '';
+# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable
+writeScript "my-file"
+  ''
+  Contents of File
+  '';
+# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
+writeScriptBin "my-file"
+  ''
+  Contents of File
+  '';
+# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable.
+writeShellScript "my-file"
+  ''
+  Contents of File
+  '';
+# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
+writeShellScriptBin "my-file"
+  ''
+  Contents of File
+  '';
+
+```
+
+## `concatTextFile`, `concatText`, `concatScript` {#trivial-builder-concatText}
+
+These functions concatenate `files` to the Nix store in a single file. This is useful for configuration files structured in lines of text. `concatTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `files`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `files` will be the files to be concatenated. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
+`concatText` and`concatScript` are simple wrappers over `concatTextFile`.
+
+Here are a few examples:
+```nix
+
+# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>
+concatTextFile {
+  name = "my-file";
+  files = [ drv1 "${drv2}/path/to/file" ];
+}
+# See also the `concatText` helper function below.
+
+# Writes executable my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file
+concatTextFile {
+  name = "my-file";
+  files = [ drv1 "${drv2}/path/to/file" ];
+  executable = true;
+  destination = "/bin/my-file";
+}
+# Writes contents of files to /nix/store/<store path>
+concatText "my-file" [ file1 file2 ]
+
+# Writes contents of files to /nix/store/<store path>
+concatScript "my-file" [ file1 file2 ]
+```
+
+## `writeShellApplication` {#trivial-builder-writeShellApplication}
+
+This can be used to easily produce a shell script that has some dependencies (`runtimeInputs`). It automatically sets the `PATH` of the script to contain all of the listed inputs, sets some sanity shellopts (`errexit`, `nounset`, `pipefail`), and checks the resulting script with [`shellcheck`](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck).
+
+For example, look at the following code:
+
+```nix
+writeShellApplication {
+  name = "show-nixos-org";
+
+  runtimeInputs = [ curl w3m ];
+
+  text = ''
+    curl -s 'https://nixos.org' | w3m -dump -T text/html
+  '';
+}
+```
+
+Unlike with normal `writeShellScriptBin`, there is no need to manually write out `${curl}/bin/curl`, setting the PATH
+was handled by `writeShellApplication`. Moreover, the script is being checked with `shellcheck` for more strict
+validation.
+
+## `symlinkJoin` {#trivial-builder-symlinkJoin}
+
+This can be used to put many derivations into the same directory structure. It works by creating a new derivation and adding symlinks to each of the paths listed. It expects two arguments, `name`, and `paths`. `name` is the name used in the Nix store path for the created derivation. `paths` is a list of paths that will be symlinked. These paths can be to Nix store derivations or any other subdirectory contained within.
+Here is an example:
+```nix
+# adds symlinks of hello and stack to current build and prints "links added"
+symlinkJoin { name = "myexample"; paths = [ pkgs.hello pkgs.stack ]; postBuild = "echo links added"; }
+```
+This creates a derivation with a directory structure like the following:
+```
+/nix/store/sglsr5g079a5235hy29da3mq3hv8sjmm-myexample
+|-- bin
+|   |-- hello -> /nix/store/qy93dp4a3rqyn2mz63fbxjg228hffwyw-hello-2.10/bin/hello
+|   `-- stack -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/bin/stack
+`-- share
+    |-- bash-completion
+    |   `-- completions
+    |       `-- stack -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/share/bash-completion/completions/stack
+    |-- fish
+    |   `-- vendor_completions.d
+    |       `-- stack.fish -> /nix/store/6lzdpxshx78281vy056lbk553ijsdr44-stack-2.1.3.1/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/stack.fish
+...
+```
+
+## `writeReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeReferencesToFile}
+
+Writes the closure of transitive dependencies to a file.
+
+This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --requisites`.
+
+For example,
+
+```nix
+writeReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
+```
+
+produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-deps` containing
+
+```nix
+/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
+/nix/store/<hash>-hi
+/nix/store/<hash>-libidn2-2.3.0
+/nix/store/<hash>-libunistring-0.9.10
+/nix/store/<hash>-glibc-2.32-40
+```
+
+You can see that this includes `hi`, the original input path,
+`hello`, which is a direct reference, but also
+the other paths that are indirectly required to run `hello`.
+
+## `writeDirectReferencesToFile` {#trivial-builder-writeDirectReferencesToFile}
+
+Writes the set of references to the output file, that is, their immediate dependencies.
+
+This produces the equivalent of `nix-store -q --references`.
+
+For example,
+
+```nix
+writeDirectReferencesToFile (writeScriptBin "hi" ''${hello}/bin/hello'')
+```
+
+produces an output path `/nix/store/<hash>-runtime-references` containing
+
+```nix
+/nix/store/<hash>-hello-2.10
+```
+
+but none of `hello`'s dependencies because those are not referenced directly
+by `hi`'s output.

doc/common.nix

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-{
-  outputPath = "share/doc/nixpkgs";
-  indexPath = "manual.html";
-}

doc/contributing.md

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to Nixpkgs {#part-contributing}
-
-```{=include=} chapters
-contributing/quick-start.chapter.md
-contributing/coding-conventions.chapter.md
-contributing/submitting-changes.chapter.md
-contributing/vulnerability-roundup.chapter.md
-contributing/reviewing-contributions.chapter.md
-contributing/contributing-to-documentation.chapter.md
-```

doc/contributing/coding-conventions.chapter.md

@@ -1,63 +1,665 @@
 # Coding conventions {#chap-conventions}
 
-This section has been moved to [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
-
 ## Syntax {#sec-syntax}
 
-This section has been moved to [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+- Use 2 spaces of indentation per indentation level in Nix expressions, 4 spaces in shell scripts.
+
+- Do not use tab characters, i.e. configure your editor to use soft tabs. For instance, use `(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)` in Emacs. Everybody has different tab settings so it’s asking for trouble.
+
+- Use `lowerCamelCase` for variable names, not `UpperCamelCase`. Note, this rule does not apply to package attribute names, which instead follow the rules in [](#sec-package-naming).
+
+- Function calls with attribute set arguments are written as
+
+  ```nix
+  foo {
+    arg = ...;
+  }
+  ```
+
+  not
+
+  ```nix
+  foo
+  {
+    arg = ...;
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Also fine is
+
+  ```nix
+  foo { arg = ...; }
+  ```
+
+  if it's a short call.
+
+- In attribute sets or lists that span multiple lines, the attribute names or list elements should be aligned:
+
+  ```nix
+  # A long list.
+  list = [
+    elem1
+    elem2
+    elem3
+  ];
+
+  # A long attribute set.
+  attrs = {
+    attr1 = short_expr;
+    attr2 =
+      if true then big_expr else big_expr;
+  };
+
+  # Combined
+  listOfAttrs = [
+    {
+      attr1 = 3;
+      attr2 = "fff";
+    }
+    {
+      attr1 = 5;
+      attr2 = "ggg";
+    }
+  ];
+  ```
+
+- Short lists or attribute sets can be written on one line:
+
+  ```nix
+  # A short list.
+  list = [ elem1 elem2 elem3 ];
+
+  # A short set.
+  attrs = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
+  ```
+
+- Breaking in the middle of a function argument can give hard-to-read code, like
+
+  ```nix
+  someFunction { x = 1280;
+    y = 1024; } otherArg
+    yetAnotherArg
+  ```
+
+  (especially if the argument is very large, spanning multiple lines).
+
+  Better:
+
+  ```nix
+  someFunction
+    { x = 1280; y = 1024; }
+    otherArg
+    yetAnotherArg
+  ```
+
+  or
+
+  ```nix
+  let res = { x = 1280; y = 1024; };
+  in someFunction res otherArg yetAnotherArg
+  ```
+
+- The bodies of functions, asserts, and withs are not indented to prevent a lot of superfluous indentation levels, i.e.
+
+  ```nix
+  { arg1, arg2 }:
+  assert system == "i686-linux";
+  stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
+  ```
+
+  not
+
+  ```nix
+  { arg1, arg2 }:
+    assert system == "i686-linux";
+      stdenv.mkDerivation { ...
+  ```
+
+- Function formal arguments are written as:
+
+  ```nix
+  { arg1, arg2, arg3 }:
+  ```
+
+  but if they don't fit on one line they're written as:
+
+  ```nix
+  { arg1, arg2, arg3
+  , arg4, ...
+  , # Some comment...
+    argN
+  }:
+  ```
+
+- Functions should list their expected arguments as precisely as possible. That is, write
+
+  ```nix
+  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl }: ...
+  ```
+
+  instead of
+
+  ```nix
+  args: with args; ...
+  ```
+
+  or
+
+  ```nix
+  { stdenv, fetchurl, perl, ... }: ...
+  ```
+
+  For functions that are truly generic in the number of arguments (such as wrappers around `mkDerivation`) that have some required arguments, you should write them using an `@`-pattern:
+
+  ```nix
+  { stdenv, doCoverageAnalysis ? false, ... } @ args:
+
+  stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
+    ... if doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
+  })
+  ```
+
+  instead of
+
+  ```nix
+  args:
+
+  args.stdenv.mkDerivation (args // {
+    ... if args ? doCoverageAnalysis && args.doCoverageAnalysis then "bla" else "" ...
+  })
+  ```
+
+- Unnecessary string conversions should be avoided. Do
+
+  ```nix
+  rev = version;
+  ```
+
+  instead of
+
+  ```nix
+  rev = "${version}";
+  ```
+
+- Building lists conditionally _should_ be done with `lib.optional(s)` instead of using `if cond then [ ... ] else null` or `if cond then [ ... ] else [ ]`.
+
+  ```nix
+  buildInputs = lib.optional stdenv.isDarwin iconv;
+  ```
+
+  instead of
+
+  ```nix
+  buildInputs = if stdenv.isDarwin then [ iconv ] else null;
+  ```
+
+  As an exception, an explicit conditional expression with null can be used when fixing a important bug without triggering a mass rebuild.
+  If this is done a follow up pull request _should_ be created to change the code to `lib.optional(s)`.
+
+- Arguments should be listed in the order they are used, with the exception of `lib`, which always goes first.
 
 ## Package naming {#sec-package-naming}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+The key words _must_, _must not_, _required_, _shall_, _shall not_, _should_, _should not_, _recommended_, _may_, and _optional_ in this section are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). Only _emphasized_ words are to be interpreted in this way.
+
+In Nixpkgs, there are generally three different names associated with a package:
+
+- The `name` attribute of the derivation (excluding the version part). This is what most users see, in particular when using `nix-env`.
+
+- The variable name used for the instantiated package in `all-packages.nix`, and when passing it as a dependency to other functions. Typically this is called the _package attribute name_. This is what Nix expression authors see. It can also be used when installing using `nix-env -iA`.
+
+- The filename for (the directory containing) the Nix expression.
+
+Most of the time, these are the same. For instance, the package `e2fsprogs` has a `name` attribute `"e2fsprogs-version"`, is bound to the variable name `e2fsprogs` in `all-packages.nix`, and the Nix expression is in `pkgs/os-specific/linux/e2fsprogs/default.nix`.
+
+There are a few naming guidelines:
+
+- The `pname` attribute _should_ be identical to the upstream package name.
+
+- The `pname` and the `version` attribute _must not_ contain uppercase letters — e.g., `"mplayer" instead of `"MPlayer"`.
+
+- The `version` attribute _must_ start with a digit e.g`"0.3.1rc2".
+
+- If a package is not a release but a commit from a repository, then the `version` attribute _must_ be the date of that (fetched) commit. The date _must_ be in `"unstable-YYYY-MM-DD"` format.
+
+- Dashes in the package `pname` _should_ be preserved in new variable names, rather than converted to underscores or camel cased — e.g., `http-parser` instead of `http_parser` or `httpParser`. The hyphenated style is preferred in all three package names.
+
+- If there are multiple versions of a package, this _should_ be reflected in the variable names in `all-packages.nix`, e.g. `json-c_0_9` and `json-c_0_11`. If there is an obvious “default” version, make an attribute like `json-c = json-c_0_9;`. See also [](#sec-versioning)
 
 ## File naming and organisation {#sec-organisation}
 
-This section has been moved to [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+Names of files and directories should be in lowercase, with dashes between words — not in camel case. For instance, it should be `all-packages.nix`, not `allPackages.nix` or `AllPackages.nix`.
+
+### Hierarchy {#sec-hierarchy}
+
+Each package should be stored in its own directory somewhere in the `pkgs/` tree, i.e. in `pkgs/category/subcategory/.../pkgname`. Below are some rules for picking the right category for a package. Many packages fall under several categories; what matters is the _primary_ purpose of a package. For example, the `libxml2` package builds both a library and some tools; but it’s a library foremost, so it goes under `pkgs/development/libraries`.
+
+When in doubt, consider refactoring the `pkgs/` tree, e.g. creating new categories or splitting up an existing category.
+
+**If it’s used to support _software development_:**
+
+- **If it’s a _library_ used by other packages:**
+
+  - `development/libraries` (e.g. `libxml2`)
+
+- **If it’s a _compiler_:**
+
+  - `development/compilers` (e.g. `gcc`)
+
+- **If it’s an _interpreter_:**
+
+  - `development/interpreters` (e.g. `guile`)
+
+- **If it’s a (set of) development _tool(s)_:**
+
+  - **If it’s a _parser generator_ (including lexers):**
+
+    - `development/tools/parsing` (e.g. `bison`, `flex`)
+
+  - **If it’s a _build manager_:**
+
+    - `development/tools/build-managers` (e.g. `gnumake`)
+
+  - **Else:**
+
+    - `development/tools/misc` (e.g. `binutils`)
+
+- **Else:**
+
+  - `development/misc`
+
+**If it’s a (set of) _tool(s)_:**
+
+(A tool is a relatively small program, especially one intended to be used non-interactively.)
+
+- **If it’s for _networking_:**
+
+  - `tools/networking` (e.g. `wget`)
+
+- **If it’s for _text processing_:**
+
+  - `tools/text` (e.g. `diffutils`)
+
+- **If it’s a _system utility_, i.e., something related or essential to the operation of a system:**
+
+  - `tools/system` (e.g. `cron`)
+
+- **If it’s an _archiver_ (which may include a compression function):**
+
+  - `tools/archivers` (e.g. `zip`, `tar`)
+
+- **If it’s a _compression_ program:**
+
+  - `tools/compression` (e.g. `gzip`, `bzip2`)
+
+- **If it’s a _security_-related program:**
+
+  - `tools/security` (e.g. `nmap`, `gnupg`)
+
+- **Else:**
+
+  - `tools/misc`
+
+**If it’s a _shell_:**
+
+- `shells` (e.g. `bash`)
+
+**If it’s a _server_:**
+
+- **If it’s a web server:**
+
+  - `servers/http` (e.g. `apache-httpd`)
+
+- **If it’s an implementation of the X Windowing System:**
+
+  - `servers/x11` (e.g. `xorg` — this includes the client libraries and programs)
+
+- **Else:**
+
+  - `servers/misc`
+
+**If it’s a _desktop environment_:**
+
+- `desktops` (e.g. `kde`, `gnome`, `enlightenment`)
+
+**If it’s a _window manager_:**
+
+- `applications/window-managers` (e.g. `awesome`, `stumpwm`)
+
+**If it’s an _application_:**
+
+A (typically large) program with a distinct user interface, primarily used interactively.
+
+- **If it’s a _version management system_:**
+
+  - `applications/version-management` (e.g. `subversion`)
+
+- **If it’s a _terminal emulator_:**
+
+  - `applications/terminal-emulators` (e.g. `alacritty` or `rxvt` or `termite`)
+
+- **If it’s for _video playback / editing_:**
+
+  - `applications/video` (e.g. `vlc`)
+
+- **If it’s for _graphics viewing / editing_:**
+
+  - `applications/graphics` (e.g. `gimp`)
+
+- **If it’s for _networking_:**
+
+  - **If it’s a _mailreader_:**
+
+    - `applications/networking/mailreaders` (e.g. `thunderbird`)
+
+  - **If it’s a _newsreader_:**
+
+    - `applications/networking/newsreaders` (e.g. `pan`)
+
+  - **If it’s a _web browser_:**
+
+    - `applications/networking/browsers` (e.g. `firefox`)
+
+  - **Else:**
+
+    - `applications/networking/misc`
+
+- **Else:**
+
+  - `applications/misc`
+
+**If it’s _data_ (i.e., does not have a straight-forward executable semantics):**
+
+- **If it’s a _font_:**
+
+  - `data/fonts`
+
+- **If it’s an _icon theme_:**
+
+  - `data/icons`
+
+- **If it’s related to _SGML/XML processing_:**
+
+  - **If it’s an _XML DTD_:**
+
+    - `data/sgml+xml/schemas/xml-dtd` (e.g. `docbook`)
+
+  - **If it’s an _XSLT stylesheet_:**
+
+    (Okay, these are executable...)
+
+    - `data/sgml+xml/stylesheets/xslt` (e.g. `docbook-xsl`)
+
+- **If it’s a _theme_ for a _desktop environment_, a _window manager_ or a _display manager_:**
+
+  - `data/themes`
+
+**If it’s a _game_:**
+
+- `games`
+
+**Else:**
+
+- `misc`
 
 ### Versioning {#sec-versioning}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Because every version of a package in Nixpkgs creates a potential maintenance burden, old versions of a package should not be kept unless there is a good reason to do so. For instance, Nixpkgs contains several versions of GCC because other packages don’t build with the latest version of GCC. Other examples are having both the latest stable and latest pre-release version of a package, or to keep several major releases of an application that differ significantly in functionality.
+
+If there is only one version of a package, its Nix expression should be named `e2fsprogs/default.nix`. If there are multiple versions, this should be reflected in the filename, e.g. `e2fsprogs/1.41.8.nix` and `e2fsprogs/1.41.9.nix`. The version in the filename should leave out unnecessary detail. For instance, if we keep the latest Firefox 2.0.x and 3.5.x versions in Nixpkgs, they should be named `firefox/2.0.nix` and `firefox/3.5.nix`, respectively (which, at a given point, might contain versions `2.0.0.20` and `3.5.4`). If a version requires many auxiliary files, you can use a subdirectory for each version, e.g. `firefox/2.0/default.nix` and `firefox/3.5/default.nix`.
+
+All versions of a package _must_ be included in `all-packages.nix` to make sure that they evaluate correctly.
 
 ## Fetching Sources {#sec-sources}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+There are multiple ways to fetch a package source in nixpkgs. The general guideline is that you should package reproducible sources with a high degree of availability. Right now there is only one fetcher which has mirroring support and that is `fetchurl`. Note that you should also prefer protocols which have a corresponding proxy environment variable.
+
+You can find many source fetch helpers in `pkgs/build-support/fetch*`.
+
+In the file `pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix` you can find fetch helpers, these have names on the form `fetchFrom*`. The intention of these are to provide snapshot fetches but using the same api as some of the version controlled fetchers from `pkgs/build-support/`. As an example going from bad to good:
+
+- Bad: Uses `git://` which won't be proxied.
+
+  ```nix
+  src = fetchgit {
+    url = "git://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
+    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+    sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
+  }
+  ```
+
+- Better: This is ok, but an archive fetch will still be faster.
+
+  ```nix
+  src = fetchgit {
+    url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix.git";
+    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+    sha256 = "1cw5fszffl5pkpa6s6wjnkiv6lm5k618s32sp60kvmvpy7a2v9kg";
+  }
+  ```
+
+- Best: Fetches a snapshot archive and you get the rev you want.
+
+  ```nix
+  src = fetchFromGitHub {
+    owner = "NixOS";
+    repo = "nix";
+    rev = "1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae";
+    sha256 = "1i2yxndxb6yc9l6c99pypbd92lfq5aac4klq7y2v93c9qvx2cgpc";
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Find the value to put as `sha256` by running `nix run -f '<nixpkgs>' nix-prefetch-github -c nix-prefetch-github --rev 1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae NixOS nix` or `nix-prefetch-url --unpack https://github.com/NixOS/nix/archive/1f795f9f44607cc5bec70d1300150bfefcef2aae.tar.gz`.
 
 ## Obtaining source hash {#sec-source-hashes}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Preferred source hash type is sha256. There are several ways to get it.
+
+1. Prefetch URL (with `nix-prefetch-XXX URL`, where `XXX` is one of `url`, `git`, `hg`, `cvs`, `bzr`, `svn`). Hash is printed to stdout.
+
+2. Prefetch by package source (with `nix-prefetch-url '<nixpkgs>' -A PACKAGE.src`, where `PACKAGE` is package attribute name). Hash is printed to stdout.
+
+    This works well when you've upgraded existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if package can't be accessed by attribute or package has multiple sources (`.srcs`, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
+
+3. Upstream provided hash: use it when upstream provides `sha256` or `sha512` (when upstream provides `md5`, don't use it, compute `sha256` instead).
+
+    A little nuance is that `nix-prefetch-*` tools produce hash encoded with `base32`, but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (`base16`) encoding. Fetchers understand both formats. Nixpkgs does not standardize on any one format.
+
+    You can convert between formats with nix-hash, for example:
+
+    ```ShellSession
+    $ nix-hash --type sha256 --to-base32 HASH
+    ```
+
+4. Extracting hash from local source tarball can be done with `sha256sum`. Use `nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/tarball` if you want base32 hash.
+
+5. Fake hash: set fake hash in package expression, perform build and extract correct hash from error Nix prints.
+
+    For package updates it is enough to change one symbol to make hash fake. For new packages, you can use `lib.fakeSha256`, `lib.fakeSha512` or any other fake hash.
+
+    This is last resort method when reconstructing source URL is non-trivial and `nix-prefetch-url -A` isn’t applicable (for example, [one of `kodi` dependencies](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d2ab091dd308b99e4912b805a5eb088dd536adb9/pkgs/applications/video/kodi/default.nix#L73)). The easiest way then would be replace hash with a fake one and rebuild. Nix build will fail and error message will contain desired hash.
+
+::: {.warning}
+This method has security problems. Check below for details.
+:::
 
 ### Obtaining hashes securely {#sec-source-hashes-security}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Let's say Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) sits close to your network. Then instead of fetching source you can fetch malware, and instead of source hash you get hash of malware. Here are security considerations for this scenario:
+
+- `http://` URLs are not secure to prefetch hash from;
+
+- hashes from upstream (in method 3) should be obtained via secure protocol;
+
+- `https://` URLs are secure in methods 1, 2, 3;
+
+- `https://` URLs are not secure in method 5. When obtaining hashes with fake hash method, TLS checks are disabled. So refetch source hash from several different networks to exclude MITM scenario. Alternatively, use fake hash method to make Nix error, but instead of extracting hash from error, extract `https://` URL and prefetch it with method 1.
 
 ## Patches {#sec-patches}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Patches available online should be retrieved using `fetchpatch`.
+
+```nix
+patches = [
+  (fetchpatch {
+    name = "fix-check-for-using-shared-freetype-lib.patch";
+    url = "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=patch;h=8f5d285";
+    sha256 = "1f0k043rng7f0rfl9hhb89qzvvksqmkrikmm38p61yfx51l325xr";
+  })
+];
+```
+
+Otherwise, you can add a `.patch` file to the `nixpkgs` repository. In the interest of keeping our maintenance burden to a minimum, only patches that are unique to `nixpkgs` should be added in this way.
+
+```nix
+patches = [ ./0001-changes.patch ];
+```
+
+If you do need to do create this sort of patch file, one way to do so is with git:
+
+1. Move to the root directory of the source code you're patching.
+
+    ```ShellSession
+    $ cd the/program/source
+    ```
+
+2. If a git repository is not already present, create one and stage all of the source files.
+
+    ```ShellSession
+    $ git init
+    $ git add .
+    ```
+
+3. Edit some files to make whatever changes need to be included in the patch.
+
+4. Use git to create a diff, and pipe the output to a patch file:
+
+    ```ShellSession
+    $ git diff -a > nixpkgs/pkgs/the/package/0001-changes.patch
+    ```
+
+If a patch is available online but does not cleanly apply, it can be modified in some fixed ways by using additional optional arguments for `fetchpatch`:
+
+- `relative`: Similar to using `git-diff`'s `--relative` flag, only keep changes inside the specified directory, making paths relative to it.
+- `stripLen`: Remove the first `stripLen` components of pathnames in the patch.
+- `extraPrefix`: Prefix pathnames by this string.
+- `excludes`: Exclude files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
+- `includes`: Include only files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
+- `revert`: Revert the patch.
+
+Note that because the checksum is computed after applying these effects, using or modifying these arguments will have no effect unless the `sha256` argument is changed as well.
 
 ## Package tests {#sec-package-tests}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Tests are important to ensure quality and make reviews and automatic updates easy.
+
+The following types of tests exists:
+
+* [NixOS **module tests**](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests), which spawn one or more NixOS VMs. They exercise both NixOS modules and the packaged programs used within them. For example, a NixOS module test can start a web server VM running the `nginx` module, and a client VM running `curl` or a graphical `firefox`, and test that they can talk to each other and display the correct content.
+* Nix **package tests** are a lightweight alternative to NixOS module tests. They should be used to create simple integration tests for packages, but cannot test NixOS services, and some programs with graphical user interfaces may also be difficult to test with them.
+* The **`checkPhase` of a package**, which should execute the unit tests that are included in the source code of a package.
+
+Here in the nixpkgs manual we describe mostly _package tests_; for _module tests_ head over to the corresponding [section in the NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests).
 
 ### Writing inline package tests {#ssec-inline-package-tests-writing}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+For very simple tests, they can be written inline:
+
+```nix
+{ …, yq-go }:
+
+buildGoModule rec {
+  …
+
+  passthru.tests = {
+    simple = runCommand "${pname}-test" {} ''
+      echo "test: 1" | ${yq-go}/bin/yq eval -j > $out
+      [ "$(cat $out | tr -d $'\n ')" = '{"test":1}' ]
+    '';
+  };
+}
+```
 
 ### Writing larger package tests {#ssec-package-tests-writing}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+This is an example using the `phoronix-test-suite` package with the current best practices.
+
+Add the tests in `passthru.tests` to the package definition like this:
+
+```nix
+{ stdenv, lib, fetchurl, callPackage }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  …
+
+  passthru.tests = {
+    simple-execution = callPackage ./tests.nix { };
+  };
+
+  meta = { … };
+}
+```
+
+Create `tests.nix` in the package directory:
+
+```nix
+{ runCommand, phoronix-test-suite }:
+
+let
+  inherit (phoronix-test-suite) pname version;
+in
+
+runCommand "${pname}-tests" { meta.timeout = 60; }
+  ''
+    # automatic initial setup to prevent interactive questions
+    ${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite enterprise-setup >/dev/null
+    # get version of installed program and compare with package version
+    if [[ `${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite version` != *"${version}"*  ]]; then
+      echo "Error: program version does not match package version"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    # run dummy command
+    ${phoronix-test-suite}/bin/phoronix-test-suite dummy_module.dummy-command >/dev/null
+    # needed for Nix to register the command as successful
+    touch $out
+  ''
+```
 
 ### Running package tests {#ssec-package-tests-running}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+You can run these tests with:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ cd path/to/nixpkgs
+$ nix-build -A phoronix-test-suite.tests
+```
 
 ### Examples of package tests {#ssec-package-tests-examples}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Here are examples of package tests:
+
+- [Jasmin compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/jasmin/test-assemble-hello-world/default.nix)
+- [Lobster compile test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/compilers/lobster/test-can-run-hello-world.nix)
+- [Spacy annotation test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/spacy/annotation-test/default.nix)
+- [Libtorch test](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/science/math/libtorch/test/default.nix)
+- [Multiple tests for nanopb](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/libraries/nanopb/default.nix)
 
 ### Linking NixOS module tests to a package {#ssec-nixos-tests-linking}
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+Like [package tests](#ssec-package-tests-writing) as shown above, [NixOS module tests](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-nixos-tests) can also be linked to a package, so that the tests can be easily run when changing the related package.
 
-### Import From Derivation {#ssec-import-from-derivation}
+For example, assuming we're packaging `nginx`, we can link its module test via `passthru.tests`:
 
-This section has been moved to [pkgs/README.md](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/README.md).
+```nix
+{ stdenv, lib, nixosTests }:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation {
+  ...
+
+  passthru.tests = {
+    nginx = nixosTests.nginx;
+  };
+
+  ...
+}
+```