sqlite: fix tests on musl

Since test failures now fail the build, pkgsMusl.sqlite fails in
checkPhase for two reasons:

- testrunner builds fuzzcheck-asan and fuzzcheck-ubsan, which cannot be
  linked because neither GCC's libsanitizer nor compiler-rt's sanitizers
  are built for musl. Exclude them with a testrunner pattern.

- capi3c.test, a copy of capi3.test, still runs the intentional
  use-after-free cases that upstream disabled in capi3.test because they
  occasionally segfault. musl's allocator makes them segfault reliably.
  Disable them the same way upstream did.

Assisted-by: Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
(cherry picked from commit a66e91bfe8)

pkgs/development/libraries/sqlite/default.nix

@@ -110,6 +110,16 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
     })
   ];
 
+  # capi3c.test is a copy of capi3.test, but upstream only disabled the
+  # intentional use-after-free cases in the original. They segfault with
+  # allocators that return freed memory to the OS eagerly, such as musl's.
+  ${if stdenv.hostPlatform.isMusl then "postPatch" else null} = ''
+    substituteInPlace test/capi3c.test \
+      --replace-fail \
+        'if {[clang_sanitize_address]==0} {' \
+        'if {0 && [clang_sanitize_address]==0} {'
+  '';
+
   buildInputs = [
     zlib
   ]
@@ -199,6 +209,9 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
   doCheck = stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux;
   # When tcl is not available, only run test targets that don't need it.
   checkTarget = lib.optionalString stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic "fuzztest sourcetest";
+  # Neither GCC's libsanitizer nor compiler-rt's sanitizers are built for
+  # musl, so the fuzzcheck-asan and fuzzcheck-ubsan programs cannot be linked.
+  ${if stdenv.hostPlatform.isMusl then "checkFlags" else null} = [ "TSTRNNR_OPTS=~fuzzcheck-%san" ];
 
   passthru = {
     tests = {